ECG Dr. Foadoddini ECG= Combination of Depol. And Repol. waves - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ECG Dr. Foadoddini ECG= Combination of Depol. And Repol. waves - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 16, 2023 381 likes •973 views

Chapt. 11,12,13 ECG Dr. Foadoddini ECG= Combination of Depol. And Repol. waves Dr. Foadoddini Isoelectric P R interval: bw A &V excitation Q T interval: V contraction Dr. Foadoddini

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ECG

  • Chapt. 11,12,13
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ECG= Combination of Depol. And Repol. waves

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P‐R interval: bw A &V excitation Q‐T interval: V contraction Isoelectric ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ

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Biphasic record

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Current lead Depolrized zone Polarized (Rest) zone Importance of electrode location

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I + III = II

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Factors that change the direction of the mean electrical vector

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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924 Willem Einthoven

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ECG Leads: placement of Recording Electrodes

  • ECG chest lead (unipolar

leads)

– These leads measure the electrical activity in a horizontal plane that perpendicular to the frontal plane

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Augmented vector

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Right to Left Base to Apex

  • Endocard. to Eipcard.
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Normal range

  • 20 to +100
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Q wave

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D R جاﻮﻣا رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻄﺑ رد ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا رادﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ

Long duration of action potential in septum and endocardium

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Atrial

  • Depol. And repol.
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Plotting the Mean Electrical Axis

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Electrical Axis Deviation

  • Heart position
  • Hypertrophy
  • Block
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Left axis deviation (Left ventricle hypertrophic)

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Right axis deviation (right ventricle hypertrophic):

Pulmonary valve stenosis Tetralogy

  • f Fallot

VSD High QRS

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tetralogy of Fallot A: Pulmonary stenosis B: Overriding aorta C: ventricular septal defect (VSD) D: Right ventricular hypertrophy

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Left axis deviation (Left bundle branch block)

Long QRS

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Right axis deviation (right bundle branch block)

Long QRS

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Short waves:

short QRS

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QRS abnormalities:

Change in voltage: Hypertrophy/Infarction Slow conduction Change in duration: Slow conduction/ Purkinje System Block destruction of cardiac muscle in various areas

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Current lead Injured zone Normal zone Current of injury:

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Current of injury:

J point Isoelectric line

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New collateral coronary blood flow develops If the muscle does not die, it will continue to show an injury potential as long as the ischemia exists

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Q wave:

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T- inversion Slow Conduction of the Depolarization Wave Shortened Depolarization in Portions of the Ventricular Muscle Digitalin toxicity

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  • 1. Abnormal rhythmicity
  • f the pacemaker
  • 2. Shift of the pacemaker from the sinus node to another place in the heart
  • 3. Blocks at different points in the spread of the impulse through the heart
  • 4. Abnormal pathways of impulse transmission through the heart
  • 5. Spontaneous generation of spurious impulses in almost any part of the

heart Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Tachycardia >100 Bradycardia <60

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Atrioventricular Block

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Atrial premature beat

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A-V node premature beat

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PVC

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Paroxysmal Tachycardia

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Long QT syndrome

Ventricular action potentials

QT

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Pathway around the circle is too long Velocity of conduction becomes decreased Refractory period

  • f the muscle might become greatly shortened.

Re-entry

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Reentry Mechanisms

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Atrial fibrilation

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Atrial flutter

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Interpretation of Normal and Abnormal Cardiac Rhythm from ECG

  • Sinus rhythm = 60 –

100 beats/min

  • Bradycardia

= heart rate < 60 beats/min

  • Tachycardia = heart rate >100 beats/min

Atrial rate = 250-350 beats/min Ventricular rate = 100 – 200 beats/min Ventricular rate >250 beats/min