DTN in Emergency Net and IoT Presented by Kanchana Kanchanasut - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

intERLab internet Education and Research Laboratory DTN in Emergency Net and IoT Presented by Kanchana Kanchanasut Internet Education and Research Laboratory, Asian Institute of Technology Thailand

intERLab@AIT ➤ AIT <www.ait.asia> is an international post-graduate institution situated in Thailand ➤ Internet Education and Research Lab <interlab.ait.asia> ➤ Capacity building - training and normal degree program under schools ➤ Research ➤ Internet development information center

Feb 2016

Our challenge!

Plan ➤ DUMBONET background : disaster emergency communication research @ intERLab ➤ DUMBO+ ➤ IoT in Post-disaster Emergency Network

Image Source: NOAA Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004

Disaster and communication infrastructure Disruption of electricity supply Broken infrastructures, Internet data centers Congestions

Supported by AIT, French Government ICT-ASIA, WIDE Project (JP) DUMBONET I (2006) A multimedia emergency communication network for the situations where there is severely disabled, or no communication infrastructure available. Digital Ubiquitous Mobile Broadband OLSR Network a.k.a. “DUMBONET”

Commodity Devices 2006: Large Notebooks 2013 - present: Single board Linux (NOKIA) Mobile routers 2011: Tablets, Smartphones 2008: Netbooks, and and Embedded systems Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones

DUMBONET IP Star Satellite (December 2006) Field Satellite Access IP Star Uplink MANET OLSR IP Star Gateway Field PDA Satellite Access MANET Terrestrial OLSR Internet PDA Simulated Disaster Area 2 sensor Simulated Head Command Center (AIT) Simulated Disaster Area 1

Features of DUMBONET I ➤ Interactive Video, Voice, and Instant Messaging ➤ very important for situational awareness ➤ Peer-to-Peer Paradigm

DUMBONET test in 2006

Facial Recognition System

Weather Sensors Courtesy of Live E! Project University of Tokyo intERLab

DUMBO DEPLOYMENT 2008 2008 ➤ Pyapone, Myin Ka Kone village. ➤ Providing local area net for volunteer workers ➤ Application used: SAHANA

“ Experiences and lessons learnt from Nargis disaster relief and field operations -Thet Aung Min Latt Deputy Chief Information Officer 
 Nay Yan Oo Information Officer (Web) Myanmar Egress Nargis Action Group Myanmar http://www.myanmaregress.org Appleseed http://www.nargisaction.org

Structured Mesh Overlay Network (SMON) 
 (Thirapon Wongsaardsakul, 2009) ➤ Structured and Meshed P2P overlay network on MANET implemented as OLSR plug in ➤ Maintain overlay members in distributed hash table(DHT) ➤ IP address of the nodes ➤ Node ID – Hashed value of the IP address ➤ Cross layer design ➤ Overlay is maintained with OLSR routing information ➤ Fast Convergence

Overlay Net: P2P-SIP SIP-SMON OLSR MANET

DUMBONET II (2008) : Connecting the vehicles

DUMBONET II : Connecting the vehicles

DUMBONET II : Connecting the vehicles

DUMBONET IV (2013): Mobile Routers (MR) • Approximately 100 - 150 meters of coverage radius. • Shorter distance means a more stable and reliable link • Built-in battery allows ~ 4 hours operation. • We have replaced the factory firmware and specially customized the MR configuration parameters for emergency network operations

How to connect the clients : Put the clients in the covered area and connect to the nearest DUMBONET MR as normal Wi-Fi clients MR MR MR MR MR

Internet Gateway (IG) in DUMBONET ONE DUMBONET NODE CAN BE SPECIALLY CONFIGURED TO CONNECT TO THE PUBLIC INTERNET (E.G. VIA ETHERNET CABLE OR 3G/4G CELLULAR). ADD THE IG NODE AND THEN EVERY CLIENT CAN ACCESS THE PUBLIC INTERNET. MR MR MR For best results MR the IG node should be placed MR + IG MR near to the center of the emergency network (i.e. to minimize hop count) Public Internet Client-to-MR Link Public Internet MR-to-MR DUMBONET Link

Mobile Routers in TakNet1 ➤ Very low-cost (~ US$ 60 - 70) ➤ Wi-Fi 802.11n 2.4GHz Max150Mbps ➤ 16 GB USB flash storage for community applications and video files ➤ Low-powered, max 5W < US$ 0.70 per month ➤ Optional battery, for 4 - 5 hours of operations ➤ Flashed with OpenWRT Linux firmware and configured with OLSR ➤ Selectable options on community application services 16 GB ➤ voice over IP external storage ➤ video on demand OLSR 802.11 / ➤ social networking in community wireless mesh b/g/n OpenWRT, Attitude netw ork Adjustment 12.04

The CWMN VoIP For curious minds Video on Demand

DUMBO+: requirements and available technologies •Requirement 1: sharing of maps, pictures End-to-End Communication Unicast point to point Multicast •Requirement 2: Intermittent connection due to network partitioning DTN • Requirement 3: Monitoring environmental data IoT

POST-DISASTER NET: PARTITIONING, SPLITTING AND JOINING S D Joining Splitting S D

DUMBO+: revisited ➤ MANET • OLSR • SMON • SIP VOIP • Social Network - instant messaging • For end-to-end Communication with DTN • DTS-OLSR • Bulk Files Distribution in low bandwidth with intermittent net, use DTN with • Network Coding

MANET Routing ➤ Multi-hop routing from A to B ➤ Network partitioning B ? A

DTN Bundle Transfer ➤ Delivering data from A to B ➤ Using a DTN relay node ➤ A creates a bundle for the data and try to sends it to a nearby relay node ➤ The DTN relay node can carry the bundle ➤ And forwards the bundle to B when they get contact B 
 A 
 dtn://b.dtn Relay 
 dtn://a.dtn dtn://relay.dtn

Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) (1) Bundle X S D Y

Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) (2) S X D Y Bundle

DTN and MANET ● DTN does not require end-to-end path ● Where data should be at, while the destination is not reachable? ● Nodes move and net topology changes ● DTN node discovery ● Bundle routing ● Non-DTN node want to use DTN delivery

Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) 
 (RFC 4838) ➤ The end to end path not required ➤ Use store-carry-forward concept ➤ DTN message is called “Bundle” ➤ “Endpoint ID (EID)” for address ➤ “dtn://node1.dtn/path1”

Delay Tolerant Structured Overlay Link-State Routing (DTS-OLSR) ● Integrating DTN-RI with SMON ● Provide − DHT based bundle routing − Automatic DTN node discovery − DTN registration – allow sending/receiving bundle with non-DTN node

DTN Overlay on OLSR Network What ? Why ? • Minimizes routing delay(Proactive) OLSR Routing protocol • Optimized Flooding (MPR) DTN Reliable transfer • Prevent loss of information SMON To form and maintain overlay of • Members are maintain in DHT that provides DTN nodes structured resource lookup • Mesh overlay makes Information to be directly exchanged between peers without going through an intermediate peer 37

Delay Tolerant Structured Overlay Link State Routing (DTS-OLSR) DTN User Application (send/receive bundles) Peer-to-Peer DTN Registration, Discovery & DTN Routing ‘Light’ DTN User DHT SMON Application Form and maintain the (send/receive bundles overlay network via nearest DTS-OLSR) Routing Table Routing Table Event access access Notification OLSR Routing Layer OLSR Routing Layer

DTS-OLSR Node Discovery ● Nodes are discovered by SMON ● DTN connections will be established between each nodes. LIST_OF_ALL_MEMBERS DTN-SMON Node ID Address 0x3333... A 0x6666... B OLSR 0x9999... C MANET 0xaaaa... D 0xcccc... E 0xeee... F

DTS-OLSR Node Registration (1) ● A node register to the nearest connected DTN node. Name: dtn://hq/collect Destination Address: X B C LIST_OF_ALL_MEMBERS A Node ID Address 0x3333... A D F X 0x6666... B E DTN: dtn://hq/collect 0x9999... C 0xaaaa... D 0xcccc... E 0xeee... F

DTS-OLSR Node Registration (2) ● The registering DTN node uses SMON to lookup for the requested DTN address to get a carrier DTN node. Name: dtn://hq/collect Resource ID: 0x8888... LIST_OF_ALL_MEMBERS Destination Address: X B Node ID Address C A 0x3333... A 0x6666... B D F X 0x9999... C E DTN: dtn://hq/collect 0xaaaa... D

DTS-OLSR Node Registration (3) ● The registering node sends the registering record to the DTN carrier node with its address. Carrier node adds the information to its DTN routing table. ● On topology changes, do lookup and register again Name: dtn://hq/collect Dest.: dtn://hq/collect Resource ID: 0x8888... LIST_OF_ALL_MEMBERS Next: dtn://nodeA Destination Address: X B Node ID Address C A 0x3333... A 0x6666... B D F X 0x9999... C E DTN: dtn://hq/collect 0xaaaa... D

DTS-OLSR Bundle Routing (1) ● A node sends a bundle to a DTN address through a DTN node Bundle to: dtn://hq/collect Name: dtn://hq/collect Dest.: dtn://hq/collect Y LIST_OF_ALL_MEMBERS Destination Address: X Next: dtn://nodeA B Node ID Address C A 0x3333... A 0x6666... B D F 0x9999... C E 0xaaaa... D