DROUGHT CRISIS PRESENTATION December 2017
ANNUAL MAJOR DAM LEVELS All figures are for 25 September for each year
BETWEEN 2010 AND 2015, 130 MEGACITIES WERE HIT BY DROUGHT DISASTERS Source: Institute of Water Policy at Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore
Critical Water Shortage Disaster Plan - Phases Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Preservation Disaster Restrictions Full-scale disaster Restrictions ‘Day Zero’ implementation or (rationing) 4
Phase 1: Preservation Restrictions (current phase – rationing) Purpose – To avoid escalation to Phase 2: Disaster Restrictions • Water rationing through limiting supply and advanced pressure management which severely limits available water supply in the system per day • Some areas will experience short periods of limited to no water supply • Critical services, such as clinics and hospitals, will be largely unaffected • Definitive timetables of the outages will not be provided, as the water systems need to be managed flexibly to avoid damage to critical infrastructure • Intensified installation of water management devices to limit the consumption of users who are exceeding the water restriction levels 5 Critical Water Shortages Disaster Plan
Phase 2: Disaster Restrictions Purpose – Avoid escalation to Phase 3 (Full-scale disaster implementation) • Water rationing aimed at maintaining human life and critical services. • City will more actively assume control over the daily water supply available to households and businesses. • Many households and businesses will be unable to access drinking water in their homes and places of work • Water collection sites to be established across the city • Strategic commercial areas, high-density areas with significant risk of increased burden of disease, and critical services, where possible, will continue to receive drinking water through normal channels • The City’s law enforcement and policing resources, as well as resources from intergovernmental partners, will be deployed to ensure that general safety is maintained. • Maintenance of the sewage system – infrastructure and health considerations 6 Critical Water Shortages Disaster Plan
Phase 3: Full-scale disaster implementation Purpose - Minimise impact on human life, dignity and property • Extreme scenario – occurs if the Western Cape Water Supply System no longer has surface water supply which the City can access • Can be avoided with progressive rationing in phases 1 and 2. • Necessary that the City and its residents and stakeholders plan for such a situation • Limited drinking water supplies sourced within the city • Households and businesses will be unable to access drinking water in their homes and places of work • Drinking water will be distributed, supplemented by bottled water, to residents through water distribution points • Critical services dependent on reticulation supply will be significantly reduced • The City’s law enforcement and policing resources, as well resources from intergovernmental partners, will be deployed to ensure that general safety is maintained. 7
WHAT WE WANT TO AVOID
WHAT WE WANT TO AVOID
High level strategy way forward City of Cape Town • Bring online up to 500Ml/day of new non- surface water • Provide tools and messaging to assist citizens and sectors to reduce water use Citizens and Sectors • Doing everything possible to reduce water consumption collectively to 500Ml/day • Advocate for visitors to our city to join the saving efforts
QUICK STATUS UPDATE (4 DECEMBER 2017)
Demand-side initiatives to drive consumption lower Restrictions • Education and awareness • Pressure management • Active leak control - detection & fixing • Water management devices – 2000 per week • for highest users Water meter management • Treated effluent re-use •
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EMERGENCY PROGRAMME: TECHNICAL PROJECT LIST Emergency Project description: Technical project list New water already augmented • Oranjezicht spring ~2Ml Original Emergency Programme • Atlantis increased by 5Ml 7 Projects, funded and confirmed: • Strandfontein temporary desalination (7) • Monwabisi temporary desalination (7) • V&A Waterfront desalination (2) • Cape Town Harbour land based desalination (120) • Atlantis Aquifers (25) • Cape Flats Aquifer (25) • Zandvliet Water Re-Use (10) 12 further projects • are well advanced and ready to proceed if and when required
LEVEL 5 WATER RESTRICTIONS CONSUMPTION PER PERSON 87 litres or less per person per day wherever you are: home, work, school, etc. LIMIT FOR INDIVIDUAL RESIDENTIAL Residential units exceeding 20 kilolitres per month will be fined UNITS COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES Reduce consumption by 20% compared to previous year. Properties exceeding this will be fined. IRRIGATION WITH MUNICIPAL Prohibited DRINKING WATER IRRIGATION WITH BOREHOLE / Restricted WELLPOINT WATER BATHROOM Flushing toilets with non-drinking water (e.g. greywater / rainwater) encouraged WATER FEATURES Use of municipal drinking water prohibited • Top-up, filling or refilling with drinking water prohibited SWIMMING POOLS (public and private) • Use of portable play pools prohibited WASHING VEHICLES (privately or Prohibited with municipal drinking water at a formal/informal car wash) • Operation of spray parks prohibited • FACILITIES No new landscaping or sports fields may be established, except if irrigated only with non- drinking water INDIGENT WATER ALLOCATION Still applies
LEVEL 6 RESTRICTIONS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018
What does 87 l per day mean to you? =
RESOURCES Resources available for download from City’s website. http://cct.gov.za/0byva POSTERS: • How Far Can 87 Litres a Day Go? • Find and Fix Leaks (Eng, Afr, Xho) • Top Ways to Save Water Indoors (Eng, Afr, Xho) • Level 5 Overview (Eng, Afr, Xho) • Level 5 Guidelines (Complete) • Water Crisis Warning red poster VIDEOS: • What does 87 litres per day look like? • How to reduce your flow at home through your stopcock • How to fit a low-flow shower head OTHER: • Offline Water Use Calculator – zipped • New Normal’ presentation As material is made available the resource packs will be updated.
RESOURCES As material is made available the resource packs will be updated.
PLEASE DO USE – BUT RESPONSIBLY Under current Water Bylaw & legislation: • Alternative water systems subject to City approval , and groundwater and surface water subject to national Dept of Water & Sanitation licensing. • No alternative water for drinking, cooking and body washing (ablution). Due to health risks and City’s statutory responsibility for providing drinking quality water. • No full ‘off-grid’ for water for homes. Risks and monitoring/enforcement costs too high to allow for homes • Some ‘off-grid’ for large consumers such as large residential developments and businesses which contract with the City as Water Service Intermediary, and can show reliable treatment and monitoring system, and backflow-prevention. Alternative water use entirely at risk of consumer, City not liable.
Useful City website links Commercial water restrictions http://cct.gov.za/OtU1g explained Apply for supply of treated effluent http://cct.gov.za/iNPx2 Apply to sink a borehole or wellpoint http://cct.gov.za/CBzOc or use an alternative source of water Register a borehole or wellpoint http://cct.gov.za/juF60 Alternative water application http://cct.gov.za/bC2nV Water and sanitation education http://cct.gov.za/QpD2V resources
Legislation Constitution • Access to basic services, including water National Water Act (1998) • Values and approach • Water supply (catchments) • Municipal mandates re water and sanitation • Catchment management agencies • Water resources vs. wastewater Water Services Act (1997) • Water service delivery • Water user associations, water service providers, water service intermediaries
Water in Construction “New” water environment - old rules = vacuum Water By-law (proposed amendment) New Integrated Water Technical Manual • Water, sanitation, stormwater • Norms and standards with specifications • Service guidelines and standards for the Department of Water and Sanitation • Water Efficiency Standard (SABS) • Plumbing Performance Specification
Water By-law • Comment period has commenced and concludes on 8 January 2018 • Items to take note of: Alternative water (greywater, rainwater, treated effluent, borehole, – well, spring Domestic purposes (drinking, ablution and culinary) – Separate metering for multiple dwellings – All new developments must provide for alternative water – installation for non-domestic purposes – plans to include full details
Water Bylaw Performance specifications: – Showerhead flow rate may not exceed 7 litres per minute – New/replaced toilets cistern may not exceed a 6 litre capacity – Cistern or urinal tipping tanks may not be automated Note: new plumbing performance spec “under construction” •Major water users (10 000 kilolitres/annum) excluding those comprising multiple units – annual water audits
Water for Construction Water resources vs. wastewater Water quality
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