DROUGHT CRISIS PRESENTATION December 2017 ANNUAL MAJOR DAM - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

DROUGHT CRISIS PRESENTATION
 



 December 2017


ANNUAL MAJOR DAM LEVELS


All figures are for 25 September for each year

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2015, 130 MEGACITIES WERE HIT BY DROUGHT DISASTERS

Source: Institute of Water Policy at Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore

Critical Water Shortage Disaster Plan - Phases

4

Phase 1 Preservation Restrictions (rationing) Phase 2 Disaster Restrictions ‘Day Zero’ Phase 3 Full-scale disaster implementation or

Critical Water Shortages Disaster Plan

Phase 1: Preservation Restrictions 
 (current phase – rationing)

Purpose – To avoid escalation to Phase 2: Disaster Restrictions

• Water rationing through limiting supply and advanced pressure management

which severely limits available water supply in the system per day

• Some areas will experience short periods of limited to no water supply
• Critical services, such as clinics and hospitals, will be largely unaffected
• Definitive timetables of the outages will not be provided, as the water systems

need to be managed flexibly to avoid damage to critical infrastructure

• Intensified installation of water management devices to limit the consumption of

users who are exceeding the water restriction levels

5

Critical Water Shortages Disaster Plan

Phase 2: Disaster Restrictions

Purpose – Avoid escalation to Phase 3 (Full-scale disaster implementation)

• Water rationing aimed at maintaining human life and critical services.
• City will more actively assume control over the daily water supply available to

households and businesses.

• Many households and businesses will be unable to access drinking water in

their homes and places of work

• Water collection sites to be established across the city
• Strategic commercial areas, high-density areas with significant risk of increased

burden of disease, and critical services, where possible, will continue to receive drinking water through normal channels

• The City’s law enforcement and policing resources, as well as resources from

intergovernmental partners, will be deployed to ensure that general safety is maintained.

• Maintenance of the sewage system – infrastructure and health considerations

6

Phase 3: Full-scale disaster implementation

Purpose - Minimise impact on human life, dignity and property

• Extreme scenario – occurs if the Western Cape Water Supply System no longer

has surface water supply which the City can access

• Can be avoided with progressive rationing in phases 1 and 2.
• Necessary that the City and its residents and stakeholders plan for such a

situation

• Limited drinking water supplies sourced within the city
• Households and businesses will be unable to access drinking water in their

homes and places of work

• Drinking water will be distributed, supplemented by bottled water, to residents

through water distribution points

• Critical services dependent on reticulation supply will be significantly reduced
• The City’s law enforcement and policing resources, as well resources from

intergovernmental partners, will be deployed to ensure that general safety is maintained.

7

WHAT WE WANT TO AVOID

WHAT WE WANT TO AVOID

High level strategy way forward

City of Cape Town

• Bring online up to 500Ml/day of new non-

surface water

• Provide tools and messaging to assist

citizens and sectors to reduce water use Citizens and Sectors

• Doing everything possible to reduce water

consumption collectively to 500Ml/day

• Advocate for visitors to our city to join the

saving efforts

QUICK STATUS UPDATE (4 DECEMBER 2017)

Demand-side initiatives to drive consumption lower

• Restrictions
• Education and awareness
• Pressure management
• Active leak control - detection & fixing
• Water management devices – 2000 per week

for highest users

• Water meter management
• Treated effluent re-use

13

Emergency Project description: Technical project list

EMERGENCY PROGRAMME: TECHNICAL PROJECT LIST

7 Projects, funded and confirmed:

• Strandfontein temporary desalination (7)
• Monwabisi temporary desalination (7)
• V&A Waterfront desalination (2)
• Cape Town Harbour land based desalination (120)
• Atlantis Aquifers (25)
• Cape Flats Aquifer (25)
• Zandvliet Water Re-Use (10)

12 further projects

• are well advanced and ready to proceed if and

when required

Original Emergency Programme

New water already augmented

• Oranjezicht spring ~2Ml
• Atlantis increased by 5Ml

LEVEL 5 WATER RESTRICTIONS

CONSUMPTION PER PERSON 87 litres or less per person per day wherever you are: home, work, school, etc. LIMIT FOR INDIVIDUAL RESIDENTIAL UNITS Residential units exceeding 20 kilolitres per month will be fined COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES Reduce consumption by 20% compared to previous year. Properties exceeding this will be fined. IRRIGATION WITH MUNICIPAL DRINKING WATER Prohibited IRRIGATION WITH BOREHOLE / WELLPOINT WATER Restricted BATHROOM Flushing toilets with non-drinking water (e.g. greywater / rainwater) encouraged WATER FEATURES Use of municipal drinking water prohibited SWIMMING POOLS (public and private)

• Top-up, filling or refilling with drinking water prohibited
• Use of portable play pools prohibited

WASHING VEHICLES (privately or at a formal/informal car wash) Prohibited with municipal drinking water FACILITIES

• Operation of spray parks prohibited
• No new landscaping or sports fields may be established, except if irrigated only with non-

drinking water INDIGENT WATER ALLOCATION Still applies

LEVEL 6 RESTRICTIONS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018

What does 87 l per day mean to you?

=

RESOURCES

Resources available for download from City’s website. http://cct.gov.za/0byva POSTERS:

• How Far Can 87 Litres a Day Go?
• Find and Fix Leaks (Eng, Afr, Xho)
• Top Ways to Save Water Indoors (Eng, Afr, Xho)
• Level 5 Overview (Eng, Afr, Xho)
• Level 5 Guidelines (Complete)
• Water Crisis Warning red poster

VIDEOS:

• What does 87 litres per day look like?
• How to reduce your flow at home through your

stopcock

• How to fit a low-flow shower head

OTHER:

• Offline Water Use Calculator – zipped
• New Normal’ presentation

As material is made available the resource packs will be updated.

RESOURCES

As material is made available the resource packs will be updated.

PLEASE DO USE – BUT RESPONSIBLY

Under current Water Bylaw & legislation:

• Alternative water systems subject to City approval, and groundwater and surface

water subject to national Dept of Water & Sanitation licensing.

• No alternative water for drinking, cooking and body washing (ablution). Due to

health risks and City’s statutory responsibility for providing drinking quality water.

• No full ‘off-grid’ for water for homes. Risks and monitoring/enforcement costs too

high to allow for homes

• Some ‘off-grid’ for large consumers such as large residential developments and

businesses which contract with the City as Water Service Intermediary, and can show reliable treatment and monitoring system, and backflow-prevention. Alternative water use entirely at risk of consumer, City not liable.

Useful City website links

Commercial water restrictions explained http://cct.gov.za/OtU1g Apply for supply of treated effluent http://cct.gov.za/iNPx2 Apply to sink a borehole or wellpoint

• r use an alternative source of water

http://cct.gov.za/CBzOc Register a borehole or wellpoint http://cct.gov.za/juF60 Alternative water application http://cct.gov.za/bC2nV Water and sanitation education resources http://cct.gov.za/QpD2V

Legislation

Constitution

• Access to basic services, including water

National Water Act (1998)

• Values and approach
• Water supply (catchments)
• Municipal mandates re water and sanitation
• Catchment management agencies
• Water resources vs. wastewater

Water Services Act (1997)

• Water service delivery
• Water user associations, water service providers, water service

intermediaries

Water in Construction

“New” water environment - old rules = vacuum Water By-law (proposed amendment) New Integrated Water Technical Manual

• Water, sanitation, stormwater
• Norms and standards with specifications
• Service guidelines and standards for the Department of Water

and Sanitation

• Water Efficiency Standard (SABS)
• Plumbing Performance Specification

Water By-law

• Comment period has commenced and concludes on 8 January 2018
• Items to take note of:

– Alternative water (greywater, rainwater, treated effluent, borehole, well, spring – Domestic purposes (drinking, ablution and culinary) – Separate metering for multiple dwellings – All new developments must provide for alternative water installation for non-domestic purposes – plans to include full details

Water Bylaw Performance specifications: – Showerhead flow rate may not exceed 7 litres per minute – New/replaced toilets cistern may not exceed a 6 litre capacity – Cistern or urinal tipping tanks may not be automated Note: new plumbing performance spec “under construction”

• Major water users (10 000 kilolitres/annum) excluding

those comprising multiple units – annual water audits

Water for Construction

Water resources vs. wastewater Water quality

SOURCES OF WATER: RAINWATER GROUND WATER SURFACE WATER GREYWATE R TREATED EFFLUENT

TEST FIRST, AND TREAT ACCORDING TO USE

USES OF WATER:

Plant bed irrigation (subsurface)

4 4 4

Fire fighting

3 (Categories 3 & 4) 3 (Categories 3 & 4) 3 (Categories 3 & 4)

Vehicle cleaning

3 3 3

Food garden (subsurface) & lawn irrigation

4 4 4

Outdoor hard surface cleaning

3 (Category 4) 3 (Category 4) 3 (Category 4)

Swimming pools*

SANS 241* SANS 241* SANS 241*

HVAC

3 (All 4 categories) 3 3

Toilet flushing**

** ** **

Fish ponds

1 1 1

Indoor surface and kitchen cleaning

1 1 1

Laundry washing

1 1 1

Cooking & food preparation

1 1 1

Body washing (ablution)

1 1 1

Drinking

SANS 241 SANS 241 SANS 241

Water features (no contact)

1 1 1

Water features (e.g. splash parks)**

SANS 241 SANS 214 SANS 241

KEY/ EXPLANATION

COLOUR CODE RISK OF USE WATER QUALITY REQUIRED FOR INTENDED USE TESTING AND TREATMENT REQUIRED, FOR INTENDED PURPOSES USE WITH DISCRETION Low, negligible risk No direct human contact with water Low

• No testing or treatment required.
• Use with discretion.

TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S Moderate risk Some human contact with water Moderate

• Test water quality
• Check results against national guidelines for intended use.

Treat if required.

• For this low risk category, treatment may be unlikely.

TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S Medium risk Greater human contact Medium

• Test water quality
• Check results against national guidelines for intended use.

Treat as required.

• For this risk category, treatment is likely.

TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S Very high risk High levels of contact and human ingestion High

• Test water quality
• Check results against national guidelines for intended use.

Treat as required.

• For this high risk category, high level of treatment is

essential.

• Regular quality testing necessary to determine ongoing

water quality and suitability for use. Filtering and or treatment will be necessary.

No alternative water sources permitted for these uses – as per City’s Water Bylaw. Unless by contract as a Water Service Intermediary N/A

N/A

Application, registration and licencing

ALTERNATIVE WATER TYPE FROM NATIONAL DWS FROM CITY OF CAPE TOWN Rainwater No licencing. Approval for installation Groundwater Licencing – General Authorisation

• r Water Use Licence

Approval for drilling, and register the source, and get approval for installation Surface water Licencing – General Authorisation

• r Water Use Licence

Approval for installation Greywater No licencing. Approval for installation Treated effluent –

• wn treatment

Licencing required. Approval for installation Treated effluent – from City N/A for consumers buying from City Approval for installation

Water for Construction

Alternative water can be used on site for:

• Dust control; and
• Cement/concrete mixing, provided that it meets SANS 51008:2006

– Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete Types of alternative water available:

• Borehole water
• Basement water (excavations)
• Treated effluent

Borehole Water

Use governed by National Water Act and managed by DWS

• License vs. registration determined by volume (or use ito

irrigation) and location

• 40 000 l/a per hectare or 10 000l/d until quota exhausted, limits

– registration

• Quantities that exceed require water use license
• Borehole water can be shared with neighbours
• Water trading not recommended but maintenance and ops

costs can be recouped

Basement Water

• Water pumped from basement dewatering considered

wastewater

• 100m3 per day permitted under the general authorisation
• Can be used for toilets, irrigation (on property)
• Can be stored onsite
• Can be shared with neighbours
• Can be treated to potable quality

Treated Effluent

• 300 million litres available per day
• TE is metered
• existing effluent water line usage currently about

50ML/ d

• Application dealt with by the Water Demand

Management Team

• Cost - ± R5 per KL
• Standpipe hire ± R17000 refundable deposit
• five designated effluent water collection points
• 24 points under construction and up to
• 100 standpipes being manufactured

City approval & inspection

• Current groundwater and treated effluent applications systems stay ‘as is’ for
• now. Apply to borehole.water@capetown.gov.za and

treated.effluent@capetown.gov.za respectively.

• Greywater & rainwater applications: download ‘Alternative Water System

Application Form’ from City’s website, see http://cct.gov.za/CBzOc. Email with attachments to water@capetown.gov.za

• City capacity for inspection to be boosted
• Plumbing Certificate of Approval to be compulsory. City started engagement with

plumbing industry, and they’re pioneering training programme now.

KEY PRINCIPLES FOR ALTERNATIVE WATER USE

1. Quality required for different uses – as per 1996 national guidelines. See matrix. 2. Applications & licensing are required 3. Imperative to prevent potentially dangerous alternative water from contaminating drinking water system on the premises and for surrounding area. Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventers are mandatory. 4. Discharge to correct place – overflow to stormwater or to sewer if harmful chemicals or substances 5. Colour code the pipes 6. ‘Do not drink’ signage

RPZ valve back-flow preventer

• Specifications & functionality outlined in SANS 1808-15. If products approved

according to this standard are not easily available locally, the City will also accept international standards for RPZs from organisations such as the German Institute of Standardization (Deutche Insitut vur Normung– DIN) or the American Water Works Association (AWWA). Locally available RPZ models include the products manufactured by ARI and Caleffi.

• Local suppliers so far:

– Equilibrium Water, importing Caleffi range (www.equilibrium-water.com) – Ultra control valves (www.ultravalves.co.za) – Wholesale plumbing supply in Mphumalanga (www.wholesaleplumbingsupply.co.za)

• City has approached these specialist retailers: Plumblink, Incledon, CP&B, OnTap,

Brights, Buco, Build It and Builders Warehouse.

NOTE: City of Cape Town does not endorse any particular product or service provider and cannot be held liable for any non-performance.

Signage for main thoroughfare and point of use

Appropriate signage as per SANS 1186-1:2008

GROUNDWATER SYSTEM FOR OUTDOOR AND INDOOR USE

1.Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. (Mandatory). 2.Groundwater sources (wellpoint, borehole or spring water) connected to storage tank.

3.Collection and treatment (if testing indicates it is required) of groundwater in storage tank. Installation of tanks can be below or above ground, but must comply with national building regulations, SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Any underground tank installation must also be at least 1m away from the boundary wall. 4.Storage tank overflow to stormwater or a garden for aquifer recharge if not treated. If treated with chemicals, the overflow must discharge to sewer. 5.Groundwater for drip/subsurface irrigation under a thick layer of mulch (not sprayed for health reasons and to reduce evaporation), vehicle washing and/or hard surface cleaning. 6.Groundwater for topping up pool. Pool cover as per requirements of water restrictions. 7.Groundwater for toilet flushing. 8.Municipal water supply to cistern must be disconnected. 9.Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water. 10.Borehole water meter to be installed by owner as per water by-law. 11.This water is not for drinking, cooking or ablution. Preferably, make it a ‘demand’ tap so that nobody drinks from it or wastes water from it.

PLEASE DO USE – BUT RESPONSIBLY

Under current Water Bylaw & legislation:

• Alternative water systems subject to City approval, and groundwater and surface

water subject to national Dept of Water & Sanitation licensing.

• No alternative water for drinking, cooking and body washing (ablution). Due to

health risks and City’s statutory responsibility for providing drinking quality water.

• No full ‘off-grid’ for water for homes. Risks and monitoring/enforcement costs too

high to allow for homes

• Some ‘off-grid’ for large consumers such as large residential developments and

businesses which contract with the City as Water Service Intermediary, and can show reliable treatment and monitoring system, and backflow-prevention. Alternative water use entirely at risk of consumer, City not liable.

Useful City website links

Commercial water restrictions explained http://cct.gov.za/OtU1g Apply for supply of treated effluent http://cct.gov.za/iNPx2 Apply to sink a borehole or wellpoint

• r use an alternative source of water

http://cct.gov.za/CBzOc Register a borehole or wellpoint http://cct.gov.za/juF60 Alternative water application http://cct.gov.za/bC2nV Water and sanitation education resources http://cct.gov.za/QpD2V

THANK YOU