Dr. Nandini Devi NCL & Crystal Growing How are the molecules - - PDF document

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Dr. Nandini Devi NCL & Crystal Growing How are the molecules - - PDF document

Feb 20, 2024 422 likes •695 views

and family Anu Aga Dr. Nandini Devi NCL & Crystal Growing How are the molecules arranged in solids, liquids and gases? What are the components of air? Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon, Carbon dioxide etc. Nitrogen N 2 How is liquid N 2 made?

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Anu Aga and family

  • Dr. Nandini Devi

NCL

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& Crystal Growing

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How are the molecules arranged in solids, liquids and gases?

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What are the components of air? Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon, Carbon dioxide etc. Nitrogen – N2 How is liquid N2 made? If the temperature is brought down to -196 oC! Such processes are called cryogenics Rocket fuel Cell preservation/storage

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Vapourisation: when the liquid becomes gas at its boiling point

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Evaporation: when the liquid becomes gas below its boiling point

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evaporation condensation rain

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Carbon dioxide – CO2 How is solid CO2 made? If the temperature is brought down to -78.5 oC! Frozen food transport Organ transport Sublimation : when solid becomes gas directly

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When the temperature is below freezing point of water, small crystals of ice form

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Let us make snow!!!

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Dendritic snow crystals formed inside the bottle

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Natural snow crystal shapes – 6 sided hexagons

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Water vapour forming snow – very ordered - crystallline

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Solid but but no order - amorphous

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Solids – crystalline and amorphous

quartz sand Both are chemically more or less same based on silica SiO2

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Both are chemically same based on carbon C charcoal diamond

Solids – crystalline and amorphous

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World’s biggest diamond – golden jubilee diamond in Thailand mined From South Africa Universe’s biggest diamond – star Lucy In constellation Centaurus, 50 light years from Earth!!!

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Crystals!!!!! Nature has made beautiful crystals emerald Fool’s gold -pyrite topaz beryl azurite lazurite gold

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How did these beautiful crystals form in nature? Geode – a natural pressure cooker!

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Took millions of years!! Earth cooled from molten state

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Very very big crystals of gypsum (magnesium sulphate) in a cave in Mexico

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Let’s make some cool crystals – much faster than nature!!

Crystallisation from supersaturated solutions Epsom salt, sodium carbonate, alum Alum Aluminum sulphate

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Rock garden in a bowl! Crystallisation from melt cooling Thiosulphate Crystallisation by reactions Silver Na2SiO3 + M(NO3)2 = MSiO3 + 2NaNO3 Cu + AgNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + Ag

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