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- Dr. Ana Milstein
Organic Tilapia Culture in Israel
Ana Milstein1 and Omri Lev2
1 Fish & Aquaculture Research Station, Dor. 2 Kibbuts Geva Fish Farm.
Dr. Ana Milstein Agricultural Research Organization-ARO Aquaculture - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Dr. Ana Milstein Agricultural Research Organization-ARO Aquaculture - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Dr. Ana Milstein Agricultural Research Organization-ARO Aquaculture Department Fish & Aquaculture Research Station, Dor M.P. Hof HaCarmel 30820 ISRAEL Phone: +972 4 6390651ext 23 Fax: +972 4 6390652 E-mail: anamilstein@int.gov.il
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(Estimated growth rate: about 18 % per year (world average)
environmental concern demand of ‘healthy’ foods public pressure
World 'Organic' Retail Market
20 40 60 80 1997 2000 2008 year billion U$
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Organic aquaculture
cold water species mainly salmonids warm water shrimps warm water fish: tilapia
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Basis of ‘organic’ aquaculture production
! maintenance of the aquatic environment and surrounding ecosystems !reduce environmental impact of effluents and wastes ! encouraged use of by-products and waste materials as feed source ! enhancement of biological cycles in production units
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Basis of ‘organic’ aquaculture production
! reduced stocking density ! prohibition of genetically modified
- rganisms (GMO)
! prohibition of synthetic fertilizers ! prohibition of hormones ! avoidance of chemotherapeutic agents !promotion of polyculture when applicable
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‘Organic’ fishpond at Geva fish farm (3.5 ha)
"
Nutrients
GMO
Tilapia Common carp Silver carp Bighead carp Grass carp environment Red drum
‘Organic’ manure & feed
Mullet
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Commercial organic tilapia production in Israel Geva fish-farm, 1 pond of 3.5 ha, years 2000-2003
3 # 1
reduced since 2001: cross of genetic lines that give less females
wild tilapia spawning 9-20 11,000-14,000 TOTAL 0.3
5% of fish, 6g at st.
500 red-drum $
restocked each year
$ silver carp $
restocked each year
$ grass carp $
restocked each year
$ black carp $ $ common carp 2-3
temp>30°C surv 50%
1,500 in 2000-2001 mullet 5-13 80-90% of fish 8,000-12,000 tilapia Harvesting (ton) Observations Stocking (number/ha) Fish
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‘Organic’ tilapia production problem: wild spawning
Tilapia wild spawning
Improved production Genetic tilapia lines
Tilapia wild spawning
Pradator fish
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‘Organic’ tilapia production problem: feed must also be ‘organic’
Protein sources:
- - soja…………mostly GMO
- - fishmeal……fisheries are
not ‘organic’ Allowed only up to 5% Prohibited Conventional feeds feeds ’ Organic ‘ 14% protein ‘organic’ feed pellets
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‘Organic’ tilapia production problem: feed must also be ‘organic’
Protein sources:
- - ‘organic’ soja
- - fishmeal up to 5%
‘Organic’ feeds 30% protein ‘organic’ feed pellets $ Feed price doubles
May compromise profitability
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Periphyton based ‘organic’ tilapia production trial
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Tilapia Oreochromis aureus stocking:
3-Jul-2003 each half pond = 250 m2
252 65.100 258 feed side 250 64.660 258 periphyton side mean weight (g) biomass (kg) number
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Tilapia weight, Geva 2003
200 400 600 01-Jul 29-Jul 26-Aug 23-Sep 21-Oct
gram periphyton feed
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Tilapia harvesting:
2-Nov-2003, 122 culture days, each half pond = 250 m2 90 manure (kg) 800 feed (kg) 10 13 wild spawn. (kg) 48.4 48.6 yield (kg) 1.68 1.61 growth (g/day) 91 96 survival (%) 455 446 mean weight (g) 107 111 biomass (kg) 236 248 fish number feed side periphyton side
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Conclusions: ! tilapia actively feeds on periphyton ! periphyton-based aquaculture is appropriate to reduce costs and allow an economically viable organic tilapia production
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