REAGENTS ANA (HEp-2) The MBL Bion ANA ANTIGEN SUBSTRATE SLIDES are individually foil- wrapped slides of 6, 12 or 16 wells with HEp-2 tissue culture cells fixed onto each well. STORAGE AND STABILITY A NTIGEN S UBSTRATE S LIDE The MBL Bion ANA ANTIGEN SUBSTRATE SLIDES are stable in sealed foil pouches at 8°C or lower until labeled expiration date. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS PRODUCT AVAILABILITY 1. For in vitro diagnostic use. The following Antinuclear Antibody Antigen Substrate Slides are available 2. Do not remove slides from pouches until ready for testing. Do not use if individually from MBL Bion.: the pouch has been punctured, as indicated by a flat pouch. Antigen Substrate Slide Code No. Code No. 3. Antigen substrate slides should be brought to room temperature (20-25°C) Antinuclear Antibody (HEp-2) AN-1012 AN-1006 prior to use. Number of Tests 12-Wells 6-Wells 4. Abnormal test results may be seen if the antigen substrate slides are ( = Code Number) allowed to dry during the staining procedure. 5. Refrigeration (2-8°C) of the antigen substrate slides immediately upon arrival will insure stability until labeled expiration date. INTENDED USE 6. Antigen substrate slides should not be used beyond the stated expiration date. The MBL Bion ANA (HEp-2) ANTIGEN SUBSTRATE SLIDES may be used as 7. Avoid microbial contamination of all reagents involved in the testing the antigenic substrate in indirect fluorescent antibody assays for the qualitative procedure or incorrect results may occur. and/or semi-quantitative determination of antinuclear antibodies in human 8. Incubation times or temperatures other than those specified may give serum. MBL Bion ANA (HEp-2) ANTIGEN SUBSTRATE SLIDES are intended for erroneous results. use as an aid in the diagnosis of certain autoimmune diseases. 9. Reusable glassware must be washed and thoroughly rinsed free of SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION detergents. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are a group of autoantibodies characterized by 10. Care should be taken to avoid splashing and generation of aerosols. specificity for numerous antigenic determinants of cell nuclei. While the role of 11. Previously frozen specimens after thawing should be thoroughly mixed ANA’s in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease is controversial, they are quite prior to testing. It is recommended that sera is freeze thawed no more useful as disease markers, primarily for diagnostic screening and also to than one time. If repeated testing is required, it is suggested that monitor the course of connective tissue diseases. 1,2,3 specimen be aliquoted. 12. Patient samples, as well as all materials coming into contact with them, Because of the high correlation of positive antinuclear antibodies with SLE should be handled at the Biosafety Level 2 as recommended for any a negative ANA essentially rules out this disease. 4 Although antibodies potentially infectious human serum or blood specimen in the CDC/NIH specific to DNA have a high correlation with SLE, 5 antibodies to a number manual “Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories”, 1984 of other nuclear antigens appear to be of diagnostic and/or prognostic Edition. Never pipette by mouth. Avoid contact with skin and mucous significance in diseases such as Progressive Systemic Sclerosis, 6,7 Mixed membranes. Connective Tissue Disease, 8 Sjogren's Syndrome, 9 and Polymyositis; 10 making ANA testing useful not only for SLE, but as a general screening tool SPECIMEN COLLECTION for connective tissue diseases. 11 Blood should be collected fasting or at least one hour after meals to avoid lipemic Among the methodologies available to detect ANA’s are EIA, ELISA, Dot serum, as excess lipids may produce a “film” over the substrate. Aseptically collect Blot and the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) technique. The antigen 5-8 ml of blood by venipuncture. Allow the blood to clot at room temperature (20-25°C) for the first three methods can either be a spectrum of clinically significant, before separating serum to avoid hemolysis which could interfere with test results. specific autoantigens, a single mixture of autoantigens from a cell lysate, Specimens should be stored refrigerated at 2-8°C and tested within one week of or a combination of the two. These methods are not as sensitive as IFA, collection. Long term storage should be at -20°C in aliquots to avoid repeated nor can they detect the variety of autoantibodies. They also do not have freezing and thawing. Do not store in self-defrosting freezer. the pattern recognition quality of the IFA. The IFA test is sensitive, screens for a wide variety of known and unknown autoantibodies and, through Avoid using contaminated sera as they may contain proteolytic enzymes which will digest the substrate. It is unnecessary to heat inactivate serum specimens prior to pattern recognition, offers insights into the probable identity of the antigen testing; however, sera that have been heat inactivated may be used. and associated autoimmune disorder. It is the dominant methodology in clinical laboratories at this time 2 and the method of choice for ANA When testing paired samples to look for evidence of recent infection, the acute screening and semi-quantitation. specimen should be obtained as soon as possible after onset of illness and the convalescent specimen obtained 7-14 days later. Acute and convalescent specimens The antigen of the MBL Bion ANA substrate is a human epithelial cell must be tested simultaneously, in the same assay, looking for a significant change in (HEp-2) line established by Moore, Sabachensky and Toolan. 12 HEp-2 cells antibody titer between the paired sera. If the first specimen is obtained too late during have been shown to have greater sensitivity than tissue sections and yield the course of the infection, a significant rise in the antibody titer may not be detected. sharper pattern recognition. 13 The presence of mitotic figures aids in differential pattern recognition as well as detecting previously unreported PROCEDURE nuclear antibodies. 14,15 Antinuclear antibodies can be found in all major Detailed descriptions of indirect immunofluorescence techniques may be found immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA or IgM), therefore, antihuman in the references listed in the bibliography. 19,20,2 1 gammaglobulin conjugate that detects all classes is recommended for use in routine ANA testing. 16 MATERIALS PROVIDED PRINCIPLE OF THE IFA PROCEDURE MBL Bion ANA (HEp-2) ANTIGEN SUBSTRATE SLIDES. Lot Number provided on label. The MBL Bion ANA (HEp-2) ANTIGEN SUBSTRATE SLIDES may be utilized in the indirect fluorescent antibody assay method first described by MATERIALS AVAILABLE FROM MBL Bion Weller and Coons 17 and further developed by Riggs, et al. 18 The procedure is carried out in two basic reaction steps: 1. Fluorescent Antibody Conjugate with 0.001% Evans Blue counterstain Step 1 - Human serum is reacted with the antigen substrate. Antibodies, if 2. ANA Positive (homogeneous pattern) Human Control Serum present, will bind to the antigen forming stable antigen-antibody 3. ANA Negative Human Control Serum complexes. If no antibodies are present, the complexes will not be 4. Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) formed and serum components will be washed away. 5. Mounting Medium Step 2 - Fluorescein labeled antihuman antibody is added to the reaction site, 6. IFA Diluent which binds with the complexes formed in step one. This results in a 7. Other Positive Human Control Sera - Speckled Control, Nucleolar Control, positive reaction of bright apple-green fluorescence when viewed with a Anti-Centromere Control (ACA), Ribonucleoprotein Control (RNP), properly equipped fluorescence microscope. If no complexes are Sjogren's Syndrome A Control (SS-A), Sjogren's Syndrome B Control formed in step one, the fluorescein labeled antibody will be (SS-B) and Scleroderma-70 Control (Scl-70). washed away, exhibiting a negative result. MBL Bion Form 1.11.6.1.1 Revision 08/17 ANSS-1
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