Document Engineering Page 1 of 17 Document Engineering Bob Glushko (glushko@sims.berkeley.edu) Syllabus 2004 (19 July 2004) 1. Who Am I, and How Did I Get Here? � I'm an Adjunct Professor in the Graduate School of Information Management and Systems (SIMS) at UC Berkeley � During the 1990s I founded or co-founded three companies that did SGML electronic publishing, XML technology for e-commerce, B2B procurement and marketplaces � Came to Berkeley in January 2002 and have been working to systematize the various threads of XML and web services architecture, document analysis, data modeling, patterns, reuse, model-based applications into a discipline of Document Engineering � At SIMS I teach several courses and have several R&D efforts, not just with "students" but with campus IT professionals � We have established the Center for Document Engineering as a focal point, resource repository, technology transfer organization � These HTML slides are at www.sims.berkeley.edu/~glushko/syllabus20040719 � Approximate PDF version is at www.sims.berkeley.edu/~glushko/Glushko-syllabus2004.pdf 2. Plan for Today's Talk � Motivating Document Engineering � The Big Ideas of Document Engineering � Content (and,vs) structure (and,vs) presentation � Models of document types � A unified view of analysis and modeling � XML for encoding models � Model-based Applications � Sample Projects 3. Motivating "Document Engineering" � Scenario: � Customer selects computer from catalog at Outpost.com � Customer pays with credit card file://C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\glushko\My%20Documents\SIMS%20Courses\le... 7/19/2004
Document Engineering Page 2 of 17 � Computer arrives via express shipper two days later � How many parties are involved? � How do the participants coordinate their activities? � Drop Ship Retail (Customer View) � Drop Ship Retail (B2B View) 4. The Document Exchange Pattern � Businesses have long dealt with each other by exchanging documents because it is a very natural thing to do � Halfat's tax receipt inscribed on a shard of pottery is certainly one of the oldest documents that record a business transaction (355 BCE) � the simplest case is "here's my catalog, do you want to buy anything" and the exchanged document being file://C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\glushko\My%20Documents\SIMS%20Courses\le... 7/19/2004
Document Engineering Page 3 of 17 "here's my order" 5. What is Document Engineering? � A new discipline for specifying, designing, and implementing the electronic documents that request or provide interfaces to business processes, often via Web-based services � A synthesis of information and systems analysis, business process modeling, electronic publishing, and distributed computing � A set of courses taught at UC Berkeley � An upcoming book (co-authored with Tim McGrath, MIT Press, early 2005) 6. "WellPoint to Pay $30 Million for Doctors' Computers" � Wall Street Journal , 1-15-04 � In US more than 7000 deaths and 7% of annual hospital admissions are caused by adverse drug effects and medication errors � 95% could be avoided if doctors used computerized order-entry systems for prescriptions � But only 5% of doctors and 19% of health care organizations are fully automated � WellPoint Health Networks is giving 20% of its physicians a hand-held device for creating prescriptions and computers for submitting reimbursement forms on Internet 7. "Portals to the Future" � CIO , 12-15-03 � The college admissions process is data-intensive and expensive for schools to administer � Many schools, including UC Berkeley have built home-grown online application systems � For profit firms like XapCorp now host applications for hundreds of schools nationally � Some schools have announced that they'll require all students to apply on the Internet by 2005 8. "Inventory Tool to Launch in Germany" � Wall Street Journal , 1-12-04 � Metro (Germany's biggest retailer and 4th largest in world) is rolling out a RFID (wireless) inventory tracking system with its 100 biggest suppliers, 10 warehouses, and 250 stores � Suppliers attach RFID tags to pallets and cases to improve inventory management � Each tag costs about 35 cents; at 5 cents they'll replace bar codes on every separate item � Wal-Mart has announced a similar mandate in the US file://C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\glushko\My%20Documents\SIMS%20Courses\le... 7/19/2004
Document Engineering Page 4 of 17 � Along with price, lack of standards for data formats is also an issue 9. "US to Require Advance Notice on Cargo Data" � Wall Street Journal , 11-20-03 � US Dept. of Homeland Security now requiring advance electronic cargo manifests for all inbound and outbound freight � Currently only 4% of incoming cargo is inspected and in a "haphazard" way because manifests have been on paper and arrive with the cargo � "Reputable" shippers will be fast-tracked, but potentially dangerous shipments will be checked � Advance notice requirement depends on mode of transport: 24 hours before loading for ships, 4 hours before arrival for planes, 30 minutes before arrival for trucks 10. "Returns are Early, But New Categories of 'Stores' On Amazon.com Show Promise" � New York Times . 12-22-03 � In the last year Amazon.com has opened "stores" in a wide variety of categories � These stores feature goods from other retailers; Amazon is just taking the order � Amazon gets a commission of 7-15% on each sale � "Web services" for catalog management, shopping cart, personalization engine, etc, that Amazon developed for its own business are integrated into the suppliers business systems 11. What Are the Common Themes in These News Items? � Business processes coordinated / choreographed via the exchange of electronic documents � Standards / patterns for documents and business processes � Co-evolution of information technology and business processes � Creating new business value 12. Document Exchange is the Mother of All Patterns � Document exchange is the "mother of all patterns" for business models, business processes, and business information � Business model patterns: marketplace, auction, supply chain, build to order, drop shipment, vendor managed inventory, etc. � Business process patterns: procurement, payment, shipment, reconciliation, etc. � Business information patterns: catalog, purchase order, invoice, etc. and the components they contain for party, time, location, measurement, etc. file://C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\glushko\My%20Documents\SIMS%20Courses\le... 7/19/2004
Document Engineering Page 5 of 17 13. The Model Matrix � These models and patterns vary in their level of abstraction and in the granularity with which they view business and it is helpful to arrange them in a single framework, which we call the "Model Matrix" 14. The New Questions Aren't � Viewing business models as a network of document exchanges raises some questions: � What information is being exchanged? � How do we know what the document means? � Can the recipient process the document the way we expect? � Can we preserve our investments in older technologies for document exchange while taking advantage of new ones? � How do we preserve our investments in business processes and relationships while creating new ones? � These are not new questions, but document engineering gives us new approaches for answering them 15. Three Types of Information In Documents � We need a vocabulary to classify different kinds of information that we find in documents and sets of data � Content – "what does it mean" information � Structure – "where is it" or "how it is organized or assembled" information; aggregates content information into more usable or reusable components � Presentation – "how does it look" or "how is it displayed" information; file://C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\glushko\My%20Documents\SIMS%20Courses\le... 7/19/2004
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