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Distributed Series Reactor An overview of the conductor impacts of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 08, 2024 130 likes •477 views

1 Distributed Series Reactor An overview of the conductor impacts of the DSR Joseph Goldenburg, P.E. Mechanical Section Lead and Hardware Manager at NEETRAC 2 Table of Contents DSR Technology Overview History NEETRAC Testing

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SLIDE 1

Distributed Series Reactor

An overview of the conductor‐impacts of the DSR

1

Joseph Goldenburg, P.E. Mechanical Section Lead and Hardware Manager at NEETRAC

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SLIDE 2

Table of Contents

  • DSR Technology
  • Overview
  • History
  • NEETRAC Testing
  • Review of NEETRAC Testing Results

2

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SLIDE 3

DSR Technology Overview

3

  • A multi‐dimensional solution to control power flow through

existing transmission lines developed by Smart Wire Grid

  • Increases line impedance by injecting a pre‐tuned value of

magnetizing inductance of the Single‐Turn Transformer

  • Two modes of operation:

1.

Autonomously, based on locally programmable set points

2.

Two way communication, enabling more sophisticated operation and line monitoring

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SLIDE 4

DSR Technology History

4

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2001‐2008

DSR Prototype Initial Patent Filing

Formation of the Smart Wire Focus Initiative (SWFI)

Formation of the Smart Wire Grid, Inc. (SWG)

NEETRAC Gen 1 Testing NEETRAC Gen 2 Testing

99 units installed at TVA 33 units installed at Southern Company

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SLIDE 5

Testing

  • NEETRAC worked with SWFI to develop tests for the

DSR, including:

Clamp slip Vibration Impulse Fault Current Corona

  • With the exception of the vibration testing,

tests shown are for Gen 2 units.

5

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SLIDE 6

Testing

NEETRAC worked with SWFI to develop tests for the DSR, including:

Clamp slip Vibration Impulse Fault Current Corona

6

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SLIDE 7

Clamp Slip Testing

Method

7

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SLIDE 8

Clamp Slip Testing

Results

8

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SLIDE 9

Clamp Slip Testing

Results

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DSR Type Sample ID Sample Test Run Initial Slip Load (lb)

1000 32013‐002‐10 1 1 445 2 495 3 518 32313‐002‐10 2 1 525 2 520 3 540 3213‐003‐10 3 1 455 2 530 3 500 1500 3213‐002‐15 4 1 620 2 555 3 700 32013‐002‐15 5 1 627 2 648 3 678 32313‐001‐15 6 1 570 2 680 3 525

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SLIDE 10

Clamp Slip Testing

Takeaways

– Post‐test inspection of the clamps showed no deformation of the conductor or rods.

10

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SLIDE 11

Testing

  • NEETRAC worked with SWFI to develop tests for the

DSR, including:

Clamp slip Vibration Impulse Fault Current Corona

11

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SLIDE 12

Vibration Testing

Methods

– Tested in advance of each DSR installation using installation‐specific line specifications – So far only tested on Gen 1 DSRs – Tests were based on:

  • IEEE Std 664‐1993: IEEE Guide for Laboratory

Measurement of the Power Dissipation Characteristics

  • f Aeolian Vibration Dampers for Single Conductors,
  • IEEE Std 1368‐2006: IEEE Guide for Aeolian Vibration

Field Measurements of Conductors, and

  • IEEE Std 563‐1978: IEEE Guide on Conductor Self‐

Damping Measurements.

12

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SLIDE 13

Vibration Testing

  • The purpose of these tests was to understand

what happens to the line dynamics when one places an approximately 100 kg mass on the line.

  • If line dynamics

are unacceptable, develop appropriate mitigation strategy.

13

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SLIDE 14

Vibration Testing

14

4200 lb tension, Unit Placed 6 ft 10 in From Termination

42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 0.026 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 Frequency ( Hz) Relat ive Displacement ( in)

1 2 3 Meter

42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 0.026 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 Frequency ( Hz) Relat ive Displacement ( in)

1 2 3 Meter

42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 0.026 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 Frequency ( Hz) Relat ive Displacement ( in)

1 2 3 Meter

42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 0.026 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 Frequency ( Hz) Relat ive Displacement ( in)

1 2 3 Meter

No Damper (Config. 13)

Damper at 9 ft ( Config. 15)

Damper at 8 ft 6 in (Config. 14) Damper at 9 ft 6 in (Config. 16)

Results

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SLIDE 15

Vibration Testing

15

Results

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SLIDE 16

Vibration Testing

Takeaways

– For TVA line, NEETRAC recommended that:

  • DSR unit should be installed 6 ft. – 4 in. ± 6 in. from the

suspension clamp.

  • An AFL 1706 damper should be placed 9 ft. ± 6 in. from

the DSR face.

– Results are relatively consistent across a range of DSR and damper placements so slight deviation from the recommended installation location of the DSR and/or the damper should not affect the damper’s performance.

16

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SLIDE 17

Testing

  • NEETRAC worked with SWFI to develop tests for the

DSR, including:

Clamp slip Vibration Impulse Fault Current Corona

17

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SLIDE 18

Impulse Testing

18

Method

– Tested in accordance with IEEE Standard Techniques for High‐Voltage Testing – 1995 – 1050 kV BIL selected – Units tested to ensure functionality after impulse testing

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SLIDE 19

Impulse Testing

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Results Takeaways

– Units were functional after impulse testing at 1050 kV – Additional tests scheduled for 1550 kV BIL

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SLIDE 20

Testing

  • NEETRAC worked with SWFI to develop tests for the

DSR, including:

Clamp slip Vibration Salt Fog Impulse Fault Current Corona

20

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SLIDE 21

Fault Current Testing

21

  • Method

– Tested in accordance with IEEE C37.100.1™‐2007, IEEE Standard of Common Requirements for High Voltage Power Switchgear Rated Above 1000 V – 63 kA RMS 30 cycle rating selected per Table 3 of IEEE C37.32 – 2002, High Voltage Switches, Bus Supports, and Accessories Schedules of Preferred Ratings, Construction Guidelines, and Specifications

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SLIDE 22

Fault Current Testing

22

Test Sequence

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SLIDE 23

Fault Current Testing

Results

23

Date DSR Type DSR SN kA (rms) Results 11/20/2013 1000 32013-001-10-02A-0 68.9 Passed 11/20/2013 1000 32013-003-10-02A-0 69 Passed 11/21/2013 1000 32013-002-10-02A-0 68.4 Passed 11/21/2013 1500 32013-001-15-02A-0 68.8 Passed 11/21/2013 1500 32013-003-15-02A-0 68.6 Passed 11/21/2013 1500 32013-002-15-02A-0 68.8 Passed

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SLIDE 24

Fault Current Testing

24

Sample_Volt

1 27.74 V 2 -34.17 V

91.1 V

  • 102.0 V

Sample_Curr_Z

1 -157.7 kAmp 2 -13.58 kAmp

215.0 kAmps

  • 186.7 kAmps

2.000s/div 02:12.9 02:24.1

02:14.3790372 External Trigger 1 02:14.3874998 2 02:14.9541482

  • 2

1 = 566.6483 m

Voltage across DSR Fault Current

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SLIDE 25

Sample_Volt

1 27.74 V 2 -34.17 V

83.39 V

  • 102.0 V

Sample_Curr_

1 -157.7 kAmp 2 -13.58 kAmp

215.0 kAmps

  • 172.2 kAmps

10.00 ms/div 02:14.3650 02:14.4190

02:14.3790372 External Trigger 1 02:14.3874998

Fault Current Testing

25

Voltage across DSR Fault Current

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SLIDE 26

Fault Current Testing

26

Takeaways

– Conductor was inspected following completion of

  • testing. There was no visible evidence of test

conductor damage.

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SLIDE 27

Testing

NEETRAC worked with SWFI to develop tests for the DSR, including:

Clamp slip Vibration Impulse Fault Current Corona

27

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SLIDE 28

Corona/RIV Testing

28

  • Method

– Tested in accordance with IEEE C37.34™‐1994, IEEE Standard Test Code for High‐Voltage Air Switches – Tested with and without protector rod.

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SLIDE 29

Corona/RIV Testing w/ Protector Rod

29

180 kV Line to Gnd ~ 310 kV Line to Line

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SLIDE 30

Corona Testing w/ Protector Rod

30

The RIV requirement for units installed on 230 kV lines with a 1050 kV BIL rating are less than 500 µV RIV at 156 kV.

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SLIDE 31

Corona/RIV Testing w/o Protector Rod

31

Inception at 296 kV and extinction at 290 kV which are ~ 500 kV Line to Line

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SLIDE 32

Corona Testing

32

  • Takeaways

– Model 1000 DSRs w/ protector rod passed RIV requirements for 230 kV line, case inception >296 kV line‐ground with 11 ft. ground plane. – Model 1000 DSRs w/o protector rod passed RIV requirements for 345 kV line with 11 ft. ground plane (standard allows more distance to ground plane at 345 kV). – Re‐design of protector rod may enable corona‐ free operation above 230 kV when using protector rod.

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SLIDE 33

Conclusion

Clamp Slip Impulse Fault Current Corona

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  • The following tests indicate that DSR type device

should have no impact on the conductor or support structures:

Vibration (Note: At TVA and Southern Company, successful mitigation strategies were developed.)

  • The following tests indicate that DSR type device,

without mitigation, would have a significant impact on: