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Internet Core network: converge (cellular and Internet no Distributed mobility management more IPv4 blocks available) for Future Internet for Future Internet Access networks: diverse Devices: multiple interfaces, multiple

SLIDE 1

Distributed mobility management for Future Internet for Future Internet

H. Anthony Chan

Huawei Technologies h.a.chan@ieee.org

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Internet

♦ Core network: converge (cellular and Internet – no more IPv4 blocks available) ♦ Access networks: diverse ♦ Devices: multiple interfaces, multiple functions, mobile ♦ Traffic from Wireless device grows 3 times faster than (exceeding soon) that of wireline devices ♦ Internet: lack native support for mobility, multi-homing, etc

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etc.

Core network: Convergence

Multi-service network Single-service networks

e e e e e e e e Service Network S Content Content service service service service service service service service V etwork SDN N S S S Content Content N AX etwork uetooth) CATV Data/IP Ne PSTN/IS PLMN Connectivity/ Connectivity/ Backbone Network Backbone Network MGW MGW MGW MGW WLA WiMA Sensor ne WPAN (Blu Access Networks MGW MGW MGW MGW W

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Access, Transport & Switching Networks

Internet

♦ Core network: converge (cellular and Internet – no more IPv4 blocks available)

3GPP

♦ Access networks: diverse

802.11 802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 Ethernet Other Nets? Ethernet

♦ Devices: multiple interfaces, multiple functions, mobile ♦ Traffic from Wireless device grows 3 times faster than (exceeding soon) that of wireline devices ♦ Internet: lack native support for mobility, multi-homing, etc

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etc.

SLIDE 2

Wireless access network: Cellular

1 Gbps (4G) LTE-Advanced >1Gbps; IEEE802.16m OFDMA LTE 326/86 Mbps 100 Mbps HSPA+ 84/23Mbps CDMA

Extend through handoff

10 Mbps 1 Mbps (3G) UMTS:WCDMA; CDMA2000 1x 2Mbps (3.5G) EV-DO Rev A 3.1/1.8Mbps (3.5G) HSPA 14.4/5.76Mbps, EV-DO Rev B

handoff

1 Mbps 100 kbps EDGE 384 kbps (2G) GSM 9.6 kbps (2.5G) GPRS 14.4 kbps 10 kbps TDMA

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1 m 10 m 100 m 1 km 10 km 100 km

Wireless access network: 802 wireless family

802.20 MAN >1 Mbps per user user

802.11a/b/g/n WLAN <11, 54, 300 Mbps 802.16 10- 66GHz 802.16 2- 11GHz WiMax 802.15 Bluetooth < 70 Mbps 1 m 10 m 100 m 1 km 10 km 100 km 700kbps MAN 3–8km LAN PAN

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WAN 30–50km

Internet

♦ Core network: converge (cellular and Internet – no more IPv4 blocks available)

3GPP

♦ Access networks: diverse

802.11 802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 Ethernet Other Nets? Ethernet

♦ Devices: multiple interfaces, multiple functions, mobile ♦ Traffic from Wireless device grows 3 times faster than (exceeding soon) that of wireline devices ♦ Internet: lack native support for mobility, multi-homing, etc

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etc.

Internet: ID-Locator split problem

ID-Locator Split network

Process

IP network

Process Socket Uses ID Transport ID (of host) Socket = IP addr + Port # Transport (Port #) Network (IP address of interface) ♦ IP address (of interface) changes h ti h T t ♦ ID (of host): Used for session, rarely h Uses Locator Network (IP address) when routing changes. Transport session does not survive under IP changes. changes. ♦ Locator (IP address): Used for network routing. ♦ Mapping system (control plane): maps ♦ Mapping system (control plane): maps ID with a set of locators (IP addr)

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SLIDE 3

What is the ID/Locator Split Protocol?

Client based / Client-network changes ♦ Architectural change to the TCP/IP stack

A new layer between IP and transport

Network based: No change to client stack ♦ Locator = globally routable IP addr in backbone/Internet only ♦ Session between Host IDs not affected by locator changes Major protocols/proposals: ♦ HIP (Ericsson/HIIT) ♦ ID = edge network IP addr; session not affected by locator changes in Internet. Major protocols: ♦ LISP (Cisco); ♦ HIP (Ericsson/HIIT) ♦ I3 (UC Berkeley) ♦ Clean slate design (Stanford) ♦ Internet 3.0 (WashU) ♦ LISP (Cisco); ♦ APT (UCLA) Backbone/ Transit Network U L ( ) Process Process Transport Process Process T t Before After Uses Locator Edge network Ingress router (IR) Edge network Egress router (ER) Transport Transport Uses ID Uses ID IP layer Locator (IP layer) Host Identity

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y Link layer Link layer Source node (S) Locator (IP layer) Destination node (D)

ID-Locator Split families

♦ Protocol stack (e.g. HIP)

Application Application Transport Transport Transport Transport ID ID IP IP IP IP L2 L2 L2 L2

♦ Core edge separation: tunneling (e g LISP) or

L1 L1 L1 L1 Source Router Router Destination

♦ Core-edge separation: tunneling (e.g. LISP) or translation

Application Application Transport Transport Transport Transport IP(PIS,PID) IP(PIS,PID) IP(PAIR,PAER) IP(PAIR,PAER) IP(PIS,PID) IP(PIS,PID) L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1

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Source Ingress router (IR) Egress router (ER) Destination EDEG ROUTING CORE ROUTING EDGE ROUTING

Mobile IP

CDN server CDN server CDN server

Home network Visited network MN CN MN mobile node

Process

correspondent node

Socket Transport Session Identifier IP address before move

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Session Identifier IP address before move Locator (CoA) Current IP address

Proxy Mobile IP

Application Application Transport Transport IP(HoA) IP(HoA) IP(HoA) IP(HoA) IP(HoA) IP(HoA) IP(CoA) IP(CoA) MN MAG LMA CN EDEG ROUTING CORE ROUTING INTERNET

MAG: Mobile access gateway

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LMA: Local mobility anchor

SLIDE 4

Host-based versus Network-based mobility management

Host-based mobility management (HoA: P1::mn, CoA: P3::mn) HoA HoA HoA HoA CoA CoA CoA CoA CN MR MN (P1::mn) Mobility client Network-based mobility management (HoA: P1::mn, CoA: P3::ar) HoA HoA HoA HoA HoA HoA CoA CoA CoA CoA CN MR AR (P3::ar) MN Mobility client

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Distributed mobility anchors

♦ Distributed versus centralized mobility anchors ♦ Splitting control and data planes: Architecture ♦ Splitting control and data planes: Architecture ♦ Unified formulation of Internet mobility ♦ DMM Route optimization mechanism example ♦ DMM Route optimization mechanism example

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Distributed mobility anchors

♦ Distributed versus centralized mobility anchors ♦ Splitting control and data planes: Architecture ♦ Splitting control and data planes: Architecture ♦ Unified formulation of Internet mobility ♦ DMM Route optimization mechanism example ♦ DMM Route optimization mechanism example

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Centralized mobility anchors

♦ Current mobile networks are hierarchical, and existing mobility solutions are deployed with g y p y centralized mobility anchoring ♦ E.g. HA in MIPv6/DSMIPv6, LMA in PMIPv6, GGSN in 3GPP

GPRS/UMTS SAE PMIP MIP GGSN SGSN SGSN P-GW S GW S GW LMA MAG MAG HA FA FA

Network: hierarchical versus flattened

SGSN SGSN S-GW S-GW MAG MAG FA FA

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Mobility management: centralized versus distributed

SLIDE 5

Proxy mobile IP (PMIP) with triangle routing problem ♦ Packets between MN and CN need to tunnel between MAG and LMA, even when MN is far from home network but is close to CN

Home network with LMA Visited network with MAG

CDN server CDN server CDN server

LMA: Local mobility anchor = Home agent (HA) + PMIP function = Home agent (HA) + PMIP function MN: mobile node CN: correspondent node MN CN

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Problem statement PS1: Non-optimal routes

♦ (1) Routing via a centralized anchor often results in a longer route. g

MA MA MA MA MN CN

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MN CN

PS1: Non-optimal routes (continued)

♦ The problem is manifested, for example, when accessing a local server or servers of a Content g Delivery Network (CDN).

P-GW SGW SGW SGW

CDN server CDN server CDN server

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PS2: Divergence from other evolutionary trends in network architectures

♦ Centralized mobility management can become non-

ptimal with a flat network architecture.

p ♦ In contrast, distributed mobility management can support both hierarchical network and more flattened network.

GMSC GGSN P-GW

GSM GPRS/UMTS:WCDMA EPC:LTE next?

MSC RNC SGSN RNC S-GW P-GW/S-GW

RNC BS RNC BS BS BS

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MN MN MN MN

SLIDE 6

PS3: Low scalability of centralized tunnel management and mobility context maintenance

♦ Setting up tunnels through a central anchor and maintaining mobility context for each MN therein g y requires more resources in a centralized design, thus reducing scalability. Distributing the tunnel i t f ti d th bilit t t maintenance function and the mobility context maintenance function among different network entities can increase scalability entities can increase scalability.

MA MN5 MN0

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MN2 MN5 MN8 MN0 MN12 MN14

PS4: Single point of failure and attack

♦ Centralized anchoring may be more vulnerable to single points of failures and attacks than a g p distributed system. The impact of a successful attack on a system with centralized mobility t b f t ll management can be far greater as well.

MA MA MA MA

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MN CN

PS5: Wasting resources to provide mobility support to nodes that do not need such support

♦ IP mobility support is not always required, and not every parameter of mobility context is always used. For example some applications do not need a stable For example, some applications do not need a stable IP address during a handover to maintain IP session

continuity. Sometimes, the entire application session

runs while the terminal does not change the point of attachment.

MN2 MN1 MN4 MN5 MN7 MN6 MN9 MN0 MN12 MN11 MN14 MN15

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♦

MN3 MN8 MN13

PS6 (related): Mobility signaling overhead with peer-to-peer communication

♦ Wasting resources when mobility signaling (e.g., maintenance of the tunnel, keep alive, etc.) is not p ) turned off for peer-to-peer communication.

Home network with LMA Visited network with MAG

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MN CN

SLIDE 7

PS6 (related): Mobility signaling overhead with peer-to-peer communication (continued)

♦ Peer-to-peer communications have particular traffic patterns that often do not benefit from mobility p y support from the network. Thus, the associated mobility support signaling (e.g., maintenance of the t l k li t ) t t k tunnel, keep alives, etc.) wastes network resources for no application gain. In such a case, it is better to enable mobility support selectively enable mobility support selectively.

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PS7 (related): Complicated deployment with too many MIP variants and extensions

♦ Deployment is complicated with many variants and extensions of MIP. When introducing new functions g which may add to the complicity, existing solutions are more vulnerable to break. ♦ Variants: MIP, PMIP, HMIP, FMIP, DSMIP, …, etc.

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Distributed mobility anchors

♦ Distributed versus centralized mobility anchors ♦ Splitting control and data planes: Architecture ♦ Splitting control and data planes: Architecture ♦ Unified formulation of Internet mobility ♦ DMM Route optimization mechanism example ♦ DMM Route optimization mechanism example

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Distributed mobility anchors-Architecture

♦ LMA functions: mobility routing + location management + HoA allocation. g

LM LM LM LM

MR MR MR MR

LM LM LM LM

MN CN MN MN CN MN

LM: Location management (control plane)

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LM: Location management (control plane) MR: Mobility routing (data plane)

SLIDE 8

Distributed mobility anchors-Architecture

MR: Mobility routing function (data plane) Location Management function (control plane)

N t k b d MR i LM i t d b ♦ Network-based: MR in every network, at GW which may move down ♦ LM is supported by distributed database which may move down to AR in flat net ♦ Host-based: MR at

LM3 LM2 LM1

♦ Host based: MR at host

LM LM3 LM2 LM1

MR MR MR1 MR2 MR3

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MN MN31 MN MN32 MN11

Distributed mobility anchors

♦ Distributed versus centralized mobility anchors ♦ Splitting control and data planes: Architecture ♦ Splitting control and data planes: Architecture ♦ Unified formulation of Internet mobility ♦ DMM Route optimization mechanism example ♦ DMM Route optimization mechanism example

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Unified formulation of Internet mobility standards

3 Basic Internet Functions 3 Basic Mobility Management Functions ♦ 1 The Internet allocates

1 S i id tifi

♦ 1. The Internet allocates IPv6 network prefixes or IPv4 addresses to a host. ♦ 2 The Internet manages

♦ 1. Session identifier allocation ♦ 2 Location

♦ 2. The Internet manages information needed for routing by maintaining a database (DNS) and

♦ 2. Location management (LM) ♦ 3 Mobility routing (MR)

( ) exchanging routing information between routers.

♦ 3. Mobility routing (MR)

♦ 3. Router forwards packets using appropriate information in the routing table

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table

Session continuity

♦ Session may continue when EID (inner IP address) does not change. g

Process Socket = IP addr + Port # Socket = IP addr + Port # Uses EID Transport (Port #) Host stack N t k (i IP dd ) Network (inner IP address) Uses RLOC Network (outer IP address) Map-and-Encap

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SLIDE 9

Host-based versus Network-based mobility management

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Mobility Management Framework

♦ Architecture: Configure the logical functions

Logical Functions: 1. HoA allocation 2. LM: Location management (control plane)

g ♦ Protocol: Messages

3. MR: Mobility routing (data plane)

♦ Construct one step at a time: MIPv6, PMIPv6, , , HMIPv6, Distributing mobility anchors, d i bili DMM dynamic mobility, DMM

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Existing protocol: MIPv6

Net1 Net2 Net3 (P11::mn11, P3::mn11)

Logical Functions: HoA allocation; LM: Location management (control plane); MR: Mobility routing (data plane); LU: location update

LM1 Allocate P1::/64 Allocate P2::/64 Allocate P3::/64 MR1 MN11+MC MN11 CN21 Move13 P11::mn11 (HoA11) P11::mn11(HoA11) P31::mn11(IP31) MN11+MC MN11 P2::cn21 (IP21) Move13

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Existing protocol: PMIPv6

Net1 Net2 Net3 (P12::mn12

Logical Functions: HoA allocation; LM: Location management (control plane); MR: Mobility routing (data plane); LU: location update

LM1 (P12::mn12, P3::ar32) Allocate P1::/64 Allocate P2::/64 Allocate P3::/64 MR1 AR32+MC CN21 P32::ar32 (proxy IP32) Move13 MN12 MN12 P2::cn21 (IP21)

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Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P12::mn12(HoA12)

SLIDE 10

MIPv6/PMIPv6

Net1 Net2 (P11::mn11, P3::mn11) (P12::mn12 Net3

Logical Functions: HoA allocation; LM: Location management (control plane); MR: Mobility routing (data plane); LU: location update

LM1 (P12::mn12, P3::ar32) Allocate P1::/64 Allocate P2::/64 Allocate P3::/64 MR1 AR32+MC MN11+MC MN11 CN21 Move13 P32::ar32 (proxy IP32) (a) P11::mn11 (HoA11) Move13 MN12 MN12 P11::mn11(HoA11) P31::mn11(IP31) MN11+MC MN11 P2::cn21 (IP21) Move13 (b)

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Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P12::mn12(HoA12)

Hierarchical

Net1 Net2 Net3 (P11::mn11, P3::mr3) (P12::mn12

Logical Functions: HoA allocation; LM: Location management (control plane); MR: Mobility routing (data plane); LU: location update

LM1 (P12::mn12, P3::mr3) Allocate P1::/64 Allocate P2::/64 Allocate P3::/64 GW3 MR3 MC (P12::mn12, P32::ar32) P3::mr3 (P11::mn11, P31::mn11) MR1 MR3 GW3+MR3+MC MN11+MC MN11 CN21 Move13 P32::ar32 (proxy IP32) AR32+MC (a) P11::mn11 (HoA11) Move13 MN12 MN12 P11::mn11(HoA11) P31::mn11(IP31) MN11+MC MN11 P2::cn21 (IP21) Move13 (b)

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Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P12::mn12(HoA12)

Deploying in all networks

Net1 Net2 Net3 (P11::mn11, P3::mr3) (P12::mn12 LM2

Logical Functions: HoA allocation; LM: Location management (control plane); MR: Mobility routing (data plane); LU: location update

LM1 (P12::mn12, P3::mr3) LM2 LM3 Allocate P1::/64 Allocate P2::/64 Allocate P3::/64 GW3 MR3 MC (P12::mn12, P32::ar32) P3::mr3 (P11::mn11, P31::mn11) MR1 MR2 MR3 GW3+MR3+MC MN11+MC MN11 CN21 Move13 P32::ar32 (proxy IP32) AR32+MC (a) P11::mn11 (HoA11) Move13 MN12 MN12 P11::mn11(HoA11) P31::mn11(IP31) MN11+MC MN11 P2::cn21 (IP21) Move13 (b)

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Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P12::mn12(HoA12)

Selective mobility management

without ongoing application requiring session continuity

LM2 Net1 Net2 Net3 LM1 LM2 LM3 Allocate P1::/64 Allocate P2::/64 Allocate P3::/64 GW3 MR3 MC P3::mr3 MR2 GW3+MR3+MC MR1 MR3 MN11+MC MN11 CN21 Move13 P32::ar32 (proxy IP32) AR32+MC (a) P11::mn11 (HoA11) Move13 MN12 MN12 P31::mn11(IP31) MN11+MC MN11 P2::cn21 (IP21) Move13 (b)

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Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P321::mm12(current address: CoA)

SLIDE 11

Selective mobility management

with ongoing application requiring session continuity

(P11::mn11, P3::mr3) (P12::mn12 LM2 Net1 Net2 Net3 LM1 (P12::mn12, P3::mr3) LM2 LM3 Allocate P1::/64 Allocate P2::/64 Allocate P3::/64 GW3 MR3 MC (P12::mn12, P32::ar32) P3::mr3 (P11::mn11, P31::mn11) MR2 GW3+MR3+MC MR1 MR3 MN11+MC MN11 CN21 Move13 P32::ar32 (proxy IP32) AR32+MC (a) P11::mn11 (HoA11) Move13 MN12 MN12 P11::mn11(HoA11) P31::mn11(IP31) MN11+MC MN11 P2::cn21 (IP21) Move13 (b)

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Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P12::mn12(home address: HoA12)

Selective mobility management

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Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P12::mn12(home address: HoA12) P321::mm12(current address: CoA)

Mobility Management Framework: HoA of application (in network where appl started)

(P11::mn11, P3::mr3) (P12::mn12 LM2 Net1 Net2 Net3 LM1 (P12::mn12, P3::mr3) LM2 LM3 Allocate P1::/64 Allocate P2::/64 Allocate P3::/64 GW3 MR3 MC (P12::mn12, P32::ar32) P3::mr3 (P11::mn11, P31::mn11) MR1 MR2 MR3 GW3+MR3+MC MN11+MC MN11 CN21 Move13 P32::ar32 (proxy IP32) AR32+MC (a) P11::mn11 (HoA11) Move13 MN12 MN12 P11::mn11(HoA11) P31::mn11(IP31) MN11+MC MN11 P2::cn21 (IP21) Move13 (b)

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Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P12::mn12(HoA12) P321::mm12(IP32)

DMM

Net1 Net2 Net3 (P11::mn11, P3::mr3) (P12::mn12 LM2

Logical Functions: HoA allocation; LM: Location management (control plane); MR: Mobility routing (data plane); LU: location update

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Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P12::mn12(HoA12) P321::mm12(IP32)

SLIDE 12

Distributed mobility anchors

♦ Distributed versus centralized mobility anchors ♦ Splitting control and data planes: Architecture ♦ Splitting control and data planes: Architecture ♦ Unified formulation of Internet mobility ♦ DMM Route optimization mechanism example ♦ DMM Route optimization mechanism example

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DMM Example

Net1 Net2 Net3 (P11::mn11, P3::mr3) (P12::mn12 LM2

Logical Functions: HoA allocation; LM: Location management (control plane); MR: Mobility routing (data plane); LU: location update

LM1 (P12::mn12, P3::mr3) LM2 LM3 GW3 MR3 MC Allocate P1::/64 Allocate P2::/64 Allocate P3::/64 (P12::mn12, P32::ar32) P3::mr3 (P11::mn11, P31::mn11) GW3+MR3+MC MR1 MR2

1st packet after 1st packet

MR3 Cache: P12::mn12 P3 GW3 AR32+MC MN11+MC MN11 CN21 Move13 P32::ar32 (proxy IP32) P3::GW3 (a) P11::mn11 (HoA11) Move13 MN12 MN12 P11::mn11(HoA11) P31::mn11(IP31) MN11+MC MN11 P21::cn21 (IP21) Move13 (b)

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Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P12::mn12(HoA12) P321::mm12(IP32)

DMM Example

Net1 Net2 Net3 (P11::mn11, P3::mr3) (P12::mn12 LM2

Logical Functions: HoA allocation; LM: Location management (control plane); MR: Mobility routing (data plane); LU: location update

LM1 (P12::mn12, P3::mr3) LM2 LM3 GW3 MR3 MC Allocate P1::/64 Allocate P2::/64 Allocate P3::/64 (P12::mn12, P32::ar32) P3::mr3 (P11::mn11, P31::mn11) GW3+MR3+MC MR1

1st packet after 1st packet

MR3 Cache: (P12::mn12 P3::mr3) MR2 AR32+MC MN11+MC MN11 Move13 P32::ar32 (proxy IP32) P3::mr3) AR21 (a) CN21 P11::mn11 (HoA11) Move13 MN12 MN12 P11::mn11(HoA11) P31::mn11(IP31) MN11+MC MN11 Move13 CN22 (b)

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P21::cn21 (IP21) CN21 Move13 P12::mn12(HoA12) MN12 MN12 P12::mn12(HoA12) P321::mm12(IP32) CN22

Thank you y

H. Anthony Chan

Huawei Technologies h.a.chan@ieee.org What I have is only borrowed from God so that I may serve others.

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