DIG IGITAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SK SKIL ILLS FOR FACI CILITIES - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
DIG IGITAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SK SKIL ILLS FOR FACI CILITIES MANAGEMENT O3 A1 Lea Learnin ing Unit it 3 Sustainable e Bu Build ildings Proje oject Star art Date - October 1st, 2016 Proje oject End End Date - March 31, 2019 Dur
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DATE: 17th November 2017 - Prepared by: SWC
Title Sustainable Buildings Description This learning unit introduces the learner to the concept of sustainable building and provides basic facts and principles on efficient use of energy, water and other resources; waste reduction; indoor environmental quality enhancement; operations and maintenance optimisation; building rating & certification systems. Overall Learning Outcome Learners should develop innovative thinking in the design and operation of buildings and be able to analyse and evaluate sustainable design options for buildings. EQF level 4-5 Duration 20 hrs NLT ECVET credits 1 Prerequisites General+ Learning Outcomes of Learning Units 1&2 Assessment 1 assignment: case-study (5 open-ended questions and/or multiple choice test) Learning Outcome 1 Explain the concept of sustainable building and the existing building certification systems. Learning Outcome 2 State the main energy concepts for heating & cooling. Learning Outcome 3 Explain waste management & reduction processes. Learning Outcome 4 Describe the ways to enhance the indoor air quality. Learning Outcome 5 Advise customers on operations and maintenance optimisation.
Environmental benefits: enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystems improve air and water quality reduce waste streams conserve and restore natural resources
Economic benefits: reduce operating costs create, expand, and shape markets for green product and services improve occupant productivity optimize life-cycle economic performance
Social benefits: enhance occupant comfort, workforce productivity and health heighten aesthetic qualities minimize strain on local infrastructure improve overall quality of life"
Higher efficiency of using energy, water, and other resources; Reducing waste, pollution, and environment degradation; Protecting occupant health and improving human productivity.
The weighting of the quality sections for buildings
The DGNB System covers all of the key aspects of sustainable building: environmental, economic, sociocultural and functional aspects, technology, processes and site. The first four quality sections have equal weight in the assessment. This means that the DGNB System is the only one that gives as much importance to the economic aspect of sustainable building as it does to the ecological criteria. The assessments are always based on the entire life cycle of a building. Of course the focus is always also on the wellbeing of the user. It is crucial that the DGNB does not assess individual measures but instead the overall performance of a building or urban district. There are already 1212 DGNB-certified projects in Bulgaria, China, Denmark, Germany, Canada, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Romania, Russia, Switzerland, Spain, Slovakia, Thailand, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Hungary, UK.
Passive House - is a rigorous, voluntary standard for energy efficiency in a building. It results in ultra- low energy buildings that require little energy for space heating or cooling.
The Passive House Standard allows for extremely high levels of comfort as well as enormous energy savings - not only for residential buildings.
The EPBD Recast 2010 enhanced and expanded on the 2002 Directive. “building that has a very high energy performance… The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should to a very significant extent be covered by energy from renewable sources, including renewable energy produced on-site or nearby.” Public Buildings: requires all new buildings to be (NZEB) by public bodies by 31st December 2018 Near Zero Energy Buildings: requires all new buildings to be (NZEB) by 31st December 2020 Most jurisdictions aim to have a primary energy use not higher than 45 kWh/m2/y.
Modern construction techniques place greater priority on human comfort and its running costs compared to earlier construction methods. Planning the internal environment of a building requires great care and attention to ensure that certain physical attributes are maintained. Factors that affect human comfort: Temperature (Heat & Cooling) Air Quality (humidity & Ventilation) Acoustic environment (sound) Lighting environment (natural light & lighting) Ergonomics and building environment Hygiene, security and safety conditions
Convection - is heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as air or water when the heated fluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying energy with it. Conduction - is the transfer of heat between substances that are in direct contact with each other Radiation - due to emission of electromagnetic waves is known as thermal radiation. Heat transfer through radiation takes place in form of electromagnetic waves mainly in the infrared region.
Convection - occurs when heat is carried away from your body via moving air. If the surrounding air is cooler than your skin, the air will absorb your heat and rise. The faster this air moves, the cooler you feel. Radiation - occurs when heat radiates across the space between you and the objects in your home. If objects are warmer than you are, heat will travel toward you. Removing heat through ventilation reduces the temperature of the ceiling, walls, and furnishings. Perspiration - can be uncomfortable, and many people would prefer to stay cool without it. As moisture leaves your skin pores, it carries a lot of heat with it, cooling your body. If a breeze (ventilation) passes over your skin, that moisture will evaporate more quickly, and you'll be even cooler.
Steam Heating Systems - These systems use fuel to boil and condense steam and then pass it through pipes. It is relatively inefficient in its use of energy. Water Heating Systems - Like steam heating systems, water heating systems rely on a boiler powered by oil or gas. water heating systems are relatively inefficient and slow compared to other commercial heating options. Heat Pump Energy Systems - essentially work like a fridge in reverse, extracting heat from the air and circulating it through a property. They are extremely energy efficient. Renewable Energy Systems - refers to energy that occurs naturally and repeatedly in the
Air Conditioning Single Split System - most affordable type of air conditioning system. Multi-Split System - Multi-splits work in exactly the same way but, depending on the model, you can connect up to nine indoor units to one outdoor unit. VRF or VRV System - best solution for medium to large applications. Central Air Conditioners, Chillers, Free Cooling and Heat Pumps – for large applications. State of the Art Cooling (Night Breeze - new home climate control technology designed to save energy in hot, dry climates; Coolerado Cooler - an evaporative cooling technology that is 100% indirect; Thermal Energy Storage - technology that is best for simply shifting energy use from peak to off-peak hours). Ventilation Natural Ventilation - This type relies on outside air pressure and temperatures to create changes in the indoor environment. Mechanical Ventilation - relies on the use of fans to force air exchange.
Waste management is the collection, transportation, disposal or recycling and monitoring of waste. Waste material is produced through human being activity. This material is managed to avoid its adverse effect over human health and environment.
Save Money - increasing recycling can cut your disposal costs and improve your bottom line. Knowledge is power - By understanding the amount and types of wastes your organization produces, you’re better positioned to find ways to reduce cutting costs. Streamline reporting and information sharing - Tracking your waste management on one platform and using a standard set of metrics, makes it easier to report information with stakeholders. Enhance sustainability - Managing waste, water, and energy more efficiently are core components
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions - Waste prevention and recycling offer significant potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and conserve resources
The most effective way to reduce a building’s waste is to generate less in the first place. Waste prevention offers the greatest environmental benefits and cost savings. Reduce: Organizations can modify their current practices to reduce the amounts of waste generated by changing the design, manufacture, purchase, or use of materials or products. Reuse: of products and packaging prolongs the useful life, thus delaying final disposal or recycling. Donate: Organizations can donate products or materials to others who need and can use the items. Recycling saves energy, helps keep materials out of landfills and incinerators, and provides raw materials for the production of new products. When waste cannot be prevented, recycling is the next best option.
Fresh air for occupants – depends on occupancy – requirements range from 10 to 15 l/s or 1 to 6 ac/hr. (air changes per hour). 30 m3 per person per hour Ventilation can be supplied by natural (passive) or mechanical (active) means. Mechanical systems can effectively exhaust pollutants, fumes and odours or provide cooling/heating. This in turn assists in maintaining the building fabric. We aim to provide controlled infiltration by ‘airtightness’ of the building envelope instead of uncontrolled ‘draughts.’ Co2 levels should be kept below 1000ppm Relative Humidity should be kept between 70% to 30% (comfort of between 45% - 55%)
Radon is a colourless, odourless radioactive gas. It is formed by the radioactive decay of the small amounts of uranium that occur naturally in all rocks and soils. Radon is the most important cause of lung cancer after smoking. Radon is estimated to cause between 3–14% of all lung cancers in a country, depending on the national average radon level and smoking prevalence. The lower the radon concentration in a home, the lower the risk of lung cancer as there is no known threshold below which radon exposure carries no risk. Well-tested, durable and cost-efficient methods exist for preventing radon in new houses and reducing radon in existing dwellings.
The use of chemicals in modern buildings is widespread yet very few have been comprehensively tested for carcinogenicity or other health threats. The impact on health of toxic chemicals has been evidenced by a number of research projects into building related illnesses. There are 50 – 300 chemicals that can be classed as V.O.C.s in the average indoor environment. Inorganic materials - includes many of the most traditional and ubiquitous of building materials Organic materials - are materials which come directly from either plant or animal sources Synthetic materials - are either not naturally occurring or are naturally occurring but have been subject to significant chemical or mechanical processing. Composite materials - Most building products are composite elements made up of a number of different materials each of which will have different environmental credentials
DATE: 01 AUGUST 2017 - Prepared by: PROMEA
Reading your water meter and monitoring use will help determine how much water is being used and identify where savings can be made or loses can be avoided. Incorporating water efficiency into the maintenance programme Make water saving part of procurement planning and water saving devices Urinal flush frequency regulators and cistern displacement devices will reduce the amount of water being used Usage of “grey” water for flush devices can optimize the water consumption. Ventilation Filter cleaning will result in better indoor air quality and also reduced running energy costs.