SLIDE 1
Potential Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles and Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Imperial College London Public Health England
Kirsty Meldrum
Diesel Exhaust Particles and Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles Imperial - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Diesel Exhaust Particles and Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles Imperial - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Potential Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles and Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles Imperial College London Public Health England Kirsty Meldrum Effects of Particulate Pollution on Health Diesel Exhaust Emissions Diesel Fuel Size
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Exhaust Diesel Fuel Particles Size Number CO2 CO NOx PAH Emissions Aldehyde Emissions NO2
Diesel Exhaust Emissions
SLIDE 4
Improving Diesel Emissions
Better Diesel going into the engine (10ppm sulphur content from 500ppm in 1996 – Euro 2 standards) Diesel particulate filters installed Catalytic converters Age of the engine (scrappage scheme) Additional catalysts
- Adblue
- Eloys
- Envirox
SLIDE 5
Envirox (CeO2NP) Catalysts
- Nanoparticles
– Defined as a particle with at least one dimension of less than 100nm – As the size of a particle decreases the potential for it to cause effects increases Since 1999 – Eloys and Envirox – Changes what is expelled in the exhaust
- Gaseous
- Particles
SLIDE 6
Exhaust
Fuel Tank
Particles PAH Emissions Diesel Fuel (ultra low sulphur) Envirox (recommended concentration) CO NO2 Fuel Consumption CO2 NOx Aldehyde Emissions Size Number Mass Good Bad Neutral
CeO2NP Catalyst Addition
SLIDE 7
- Important exposure point of particles inhaled from the
environment
- In vitro model of human airway epithelium
– Human Primary Bronchial Epithelial (HPBE) cells – Air Liquid Interface (ALI)
Airway Epithelial Cells
PE membrane Transwell insert Apical chamber HPBE Basal chamber
+/- Diesel
Air-Liquid Interface Culture (x20)
SLIDE 8
Transmission Electron Microscopy
SLIDE 9
Exposure to DEP and CeO2NPs
PE membrane Transwell insert Apical chamber HPBE Basal chamber
Diesel (NIST 2975) CeO2 (Sigma <25nm) DEP+CeO2
24 hours
Basal compartment medium Apical compartment medium ELISA
CCL20 IL-6
SLIDE 10
IL-6 Release Following Exposure to DEP, CeO2 and DEP/ CeO2 in Concentrations Relevant to Normal Envirox use: Increased Apical and Basal Release at High [DEP/CeO2]
SLIDE 11
Release of CCL20 (MIP3-α) Following Exposure to DEP, CeO2 and DEP/ CeO2 in Concentrations Relevant to Normal Envirox: Envirox Blocks Basal CCL20 Release
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SLIDE 12
IL-33 DEP
M e d i u m D E P 1 D E P 1 D E P 2 5 D E P 5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
IL-33 CeO2
M e d i u m C e . 8 C e . 8 C e . 2 C e . 4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
IL-33 Both
Medium DC1+0.008 DC10+0.08 DC25+0.2 DC50+0.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
IL-33 Expression – Particle Exposure Only
SLIDE 13
IL-33 Expression – IL-4 Co-exposure
IL-33
Medium DEP1 DEP10 DEP25 DEP50 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
IL-33
Medium Ce0.008 Ce0.08 Ce0.2 Ce0.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
IL-33
M e d i u m D C 1 + . 8 D C 1 + . 8 D C 2 5 + . 2 D C 5 + . 4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
SLIDE 14
IL-33 Expression – IL-13 Co-exposure
IL-33
Medium DEP1 DEP10 DEP25 DEP50 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
IL-33
Medium Ce0.008 Ce0.08 Ce0.2 Ce0.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
IL-33
Medium DC1+0.008 DC10+0.08 DC25+0.2 DC50+0.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
SLIDE 15
IL-33 Expression – IL-4/IL-13 Co-exposure
IL-33
Medium DEP1 DEP10 DEP25 DEP50 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
IL-33
Medium Ce0.008 Ce0.08 Ce0.2 Ce0.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
IL-33
M e d i u m D C 1 + . 8 D C 1 + . 8 D C 2 5 + . 2 D C 5 + . 4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
mRNA Levels FOC
SLIDE 16
Next steps
SLIDE 17