P Properly Designing l D i i A Boiler Exhaust System A Boiler Exhaust System
Common Problems Of Improperly Designed Boiler Exhaust Systems
Common Problems Flame Ignition Failure Boiler Inefficiency Dow ntime 3
Common Problems Excess draft in the stack Insufficient draft in the stack Factors Factors Improper breeching sizing Improper stack sizing Poorly designed ventilation system Poorly designed ventilation system 4
Stack System Design Important Criteria In
Boiler Categorization Stack Types Stack Sizing UL C UL Certification tifi ti Materials Of Construction 6
Boiler Categorization Boilers are divided into four categories based on the pressure and temperature produced in the exhaust stack and the likelihood of condensate production in the vent and the likelihood of condensate production in the vent. TIVE CATEGORY I CATEGORY I CATEGORY II CATEGORY II NEGAT APPLIANCE APPLIANCE NON-CONDENSING CONDENSING VE POSITIV CATEGORY III CATEGORY IV APPLIANCE APPLIANCE 7
Boiler Categorization Category I Category II A b il A boiler which operates with a non-positive hi h i h i i A boiler which operates with a non-positive A b il hi h i h i i vent static pressure and with a vent gas vent static pressure and with a vent gas temperature that avoids excessive temperature that may cause excessive condensate production in the vent. condensate production in the vent. (B V (B-Vent, Type A) t T A) (T (Type BH) BH) Category III Category IV A boiler which operates with a positive vent p p A boiler which operates with a positive vent p p pressure and with a vent gas temperature pressure and with a vent gas temperature that avoids excessive condensate that may cause excessive condensate production in the vent. production in the vent. (Type BH) ( yp ) (Type BH) ( yp ) 8
Boiler Categorization Near-Condensing Boilers Condensing Boilers Condensing Boilers B il i 9 d C N
Stack Types Type B Gas Vents • Gas Appliance w ith Draft Hood • Gas Appliance w ith Draft Hood Gas Appliance w ith Draft Hood Gas Appliance w ith Draft Hood Liners • Masonry Masonry Chimneys Chimneys Type BH Gas Vents • Most Cat II, III and IV boilers • Most Cat II, III and IV boilers 10
Stack Sizing Appliance category Appliance category Altitude Altitude Draft Draft Power input Flue gas velocity calculation calculation Flow restriction: tees, elbows, based on based on Type of fuel wyes, dampers, reducers criteria criteria c c te te a a Seasons such as: such as: Flue gas temperature (summer vs. winter) Stack and breeching Stack and breeching A d And more… diameter, height, length 11
Stack Sizing 12
UL Certification UL 103 (USA) / ULC959 (CAN) Building Heating Appliance Chimney • I t Intended for use with gas and liquid residential type and building d d f ith d li id id ti l t d b ildi heating appliances which vent flue gases at a temperature not exceeding 1000ºF under continuous operating conditions with a maximum rated positive pressure of 60 inches W.C., as specified in the Chimney Selection Chart of the National Fire Protection Association Standard No. 211 • Can be installed in an unenclosed installation or enclosed in a noncombustible chase noncombustible chase • Also complied with a temperature test at 1700ºF for 10 minutes • 1400ºF Chimney: same as above, but for flue gases at a temperature not exceeding 1400ºF 13
UL Certification UL 1738 (USA) / ULC S-636 (CAN) Special Gas Vents • Intended to be connected directly to the flue outlet of the Category I t d d t b t d di tl t th fl tl t f th C t II, III and IV gas burning appliances, as defined by the National Flue Gas Code, ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54, where the maximum continuous flue gas temperature produced does not exceed 550ºF with a maximum rated positive pressure of 15 inches W.C. • Can be installed in an unenclosed or an enclosed installation made of combustible materials • Also complied with a temperature test at 1700ºF for 10 minutes 14
UL Certification UL 1777 (USA) / ULC S-635 (CAN) Chimney Liners • I t Intended to be installed in masonry chimneys used to vent gas or oil d d t b i t ll d i hi d t t il fuel fired residential type and building heating appliances where the maximum continuous flue gas temperature produced does not exceed 570ºF 15
UL Certification UL 1978 (USA & CAN) Grease Duct For Restaurant Cooking Appliances • I t Intended for use in installations for the removal of smoke and d d f i i t ll ti f th l f k d grease laden vapors in commercial and industrial applications • They are appropriate for continuous operation at temperatures not exceeding 500ºF exceeding 500 F • Were evaluated in accordance with the Standard for Removal of Smoke and Grease-Laden Vapors from Commercial Cooking Equipment, NFPA 96 Equipment, NFPA 96 • Also complied with an abnormal temperature test at 2000ºF for 30 minutes 16
UL Certification 17
Materials Of Construction Installation-Ready Exhaust Systems Structural • Stainless steel (304 / 316 / 301 / AL29 4C) ( ) • Aluminized steel • ABS / PVC / CPVC / POLYETHYLENE • Galvanized steel Insulation • Air • Mineral fiber • Ceramic fiber 18
Materials Of Construction Freestanding Stacks Structural • Carbon steel • Cor-Ten steel • Stainless steel • Other materials per customer specifications Insulation • Per customer specifications 19
Other Considerations Installation-Ready Exhaust Systems Draft control systems Dampers Negative pressure N ti Barometric draft controls in the building Modulating draft systems Modulating draft systems Air inlet Air inlet Draft inducer fans Clearances for the boiler Draft hoods Masonry chimney Maximum length of breeching or stack
Other Considerations Freestanding Stacks Duct works and Platforms and ladders breeching systems Concrete pad and FAA aircraft footing design warning system Seismic calculations Wind loads Special anchoring Special anchoring Lightening protection Lightening protection Special steel structural design 21
Other Considerations Local codes and regulations Special support requirements Chemical and ASME and CWB thermal conditions certified products Corrosion effects UL certified products Needs for related products: Special paint requirements economizer, SCR products, silencer, other 22
Cleaver-Brooks Product Offering Installation-Ready Exhaust Systems Freestanding Stacks Special Gas Vents Chimney Liners Grease Duct Products cleaverbrooks.com/exhaustsolutions 23
References CSA B149.1-10: Natural Gas & Propane Installation Code – Applies to the installation of • Natural Gas & Propane Appliances & Equipment- http://www.csa.ca/cm/ca/en/standards • NFPA - http://www.nfpa.org/categoryList.asp?categoryID=124&URL=Codes%20&%20Standards • 211: STANDARD FOR CHIMNEYS, FIREPLACES, VENTS, AND SOLID FUEL-BURNING • NFPA 54: NATIONAL FUEL GAS CODE NFPA 54: NATIONAL FUEL GAS CODE • UL- http://www.ul.com/global/eng/pages/?noredirect • UL103: Factory built chimneys- • • UL1738: Vent or chimney connector dampers for oil fired appliances UL1738: Vent or chimney connector dampers for oil-fired appliances • UL1777: Chimney liners • ANSI Z21.86: Vented gas-fired space heating appliances- http://www.ansi.org/ • ASME STS-1 – 2011: Steel Stacks- http://www.asme.org/kb/standards • ASHRAE- http://www.ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/standards--guidelines • • Manufacturer’s Operations and Maintenance Manuals Manufacturer s Operations and Maintenance Manuals 24
Eric Gravel Sales Manager egravel@ cleaverbrooks.com (450) 625-6060 clea erbrooks com/e ha stsol tions cleaverbrooks.com/exhaustsolutions 25
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