Definitions (1910.1200(c)) Hazardous Chemical Means any chemical - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Regulations

• Hazard Communication Standard

(29 CFR 1910.1200)

• Laboratory Standard (29 CFR 1910.1450)
• National Fire Protection Association
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Uniform Building Code
• International Fire Code

Introduction

• Injury rates are highest during initial period of

employment; injuries decrease with experience.

• In school laboratory setting where students experience

new activities, the likelihood of incidents and injury is high.

• Students MUST be taught what can go wrong, how to

prevent unplanned events from occurring, and what to do in case of an emergency.

• Part of the curriculum MUST address safety.

HOWEVER, teachers are mandated to:

 observe,  supervise,  instruct, and  correct student actions.

Definitions (1910.1200(c))

Hazardous Chemical

Means any chemical that is a physical hazard or a health hazard.

Definitions

Container: any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum reaction vessel, storage tank,

• r the like that contains a hazardous
• chemical. Piping systems, and engines, fuel

tanks, or other operating systems in a vehicle are not considered to be containers. Exposure or exposed: means that an employee is subjected in the course of employment to a chemical that is a physical or health hazard; includes potential exposure.

Definitions

Immediate use: means that the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used only by the person who transfers it from the labeled container, and only within the work shift in which it is transferred. Label: any written, printed, or graphic material displayed on

• r affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals.

Work area: a room or defined space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are produced or used, and where employees are present.

Right To Know

OSHA created the Hazard Communication Standard to help ensure your safety when working with hazardous chemicals. You have a RIGHT TO KNOW about the hazardous chemicals you use on the job, and about how to work safely with those chemicals.

Why Be Concerned?

• Health hazards
• Safety hazards
• Environmental harm
• Hidden costs = liability, lawsuits, fines

Managing Chemicals

• Minimize exposures: product substitution,

reduced quantities, etc.

• Don't underestimate risks; risks are assessed,

understood, and communicated.

• Use proper control measures: PPE, engineering

controls, and administrative controls.

Chemical Hygiene Officer

• The Lab Standard requires that a Chemical

Hygiene Officer (CHO) be designated to implement and maintain the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

• The CHO should maintain a master inventory of

all lab and storage areas. However, each individual lab and storage area must also maintain an inventory.

Responsibilities

Chemical manufacturers must:

• determine a chemical’s hazards, and
• provide labels and MSDSs.

Employers must:

• provide a hazard communication program,
• maintain MSDSs, and
• train on hazardous materials.

Employees must:  read labels and MSDSs,  follow employer instructions and warnings,  identify hazards before starting a job, and  participate in training.

Teachers’ Responsibilities

• Lead by example.
• Teach safety as part of the curriculum.
• Follow and enforce safety rules, procedures, and

practices.

• Promote a culture of safety.
• Make safety a value.

• Conduct regular inspections of safety and first

aid equipment (document).

• Notify administration in writing of hazardous or

potentially hazardous conditions.

• Never use defective equipment.

Teachers’ Responsibilities

Prepare To Purchase Chemicals

• Establish a procurement plan.
• Create a centralized program and tracking system.
• Determine if a safer, less hazardous chemical can be

used.

• Determine if facilities permitting proper storage of

chemicals and sufficient ventilation are available.

• Determine if the proper PPE and safety equipment are on

hand when the chemical is in use.

• Determine if the chemical or its end product will require

disposal as hazardous waste.

• Order minimum quantities.
• Order ONLY what will be used within a school year (or a

shorter time period).

Chemical Tracking

• Establish a database of chemicals in the laboratory; have
• ne person in charge.
• “Cradle-to-grave”: from the time they are purchased to

the time they are used and discarded.

• Conduct inventory to purge any inaccurate data in the

system and dispose of outdated, unneeded, or deteriorated chemicals following the written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP).

• Obtain and maintain all Material Safety Data Sheets.

Chemical Tracking

Storage Room Must-Haves

• Spill control and clean-up materials
• Master control shut-off valves for gas, water, and

electricity

• Smoke detector (tested regularly)
• Forced ventilation from floor to ceiling with

exhaust above roof level

• Safety cabinets for specific groups of compatible

substances

• Communications channel to the main office or

emergency center

Storage Room Must-Haves (Fire Extinguisher)

Fire extinguisher “quick checks” shall include at least the following items (NFPA 10 4-3.2):

 Fire extinguishers are located in designated place.  Access and visibility are unobstructed.  Operating instructions on nameplate are legible and are facing forward.  Safety seals and tamper indicator are not broken or missing.  Fullness is determined by weighing or “hefting.”  Extinguishers are examined for

• bvious physical damage, corrosion,

leakage, and clogged nozzles.  Pressure gauge reading or indicator is in operable range or position.  Inspections occur monthly and annually.

Storage Room Must-Haves (Eye Wash Station)

• Meets ANSI Z358.1.
• Is at least six inches from the

wall or nearest obstruction.

• Has heads 33”–45” from floor.
• Is able to treat both eyes with

water flow for at least 15 minutes.

• Is activated for at least three

minutes every month.

• Is inspected annually.
• Has free and unobstructed path

and use zone.

Storage Room Must-Haves (Shower)

• Meets ANSI Z358.1.
• Has heads 82”–96” from

floor.

• Has spray pattern with

minimum diameter of 20” at 60” above floor.

• Has clearance of at least 16”

from center of spray pattern.

• Is activated monthly.
• Is inspected annually.
• Has free and unobstructed

path and use zone.

Labeling

No unlabeled container should be present in the laboratory at any time.

Labeling

• Use labels with good adhesive.
• Use permanent marker.
• Print legibly.
• Replace damaged, faded, or semi-detached

labels.

Labeling

When chemicals are transferred from the original manufacturer’s container to another container, the latter is referred to as a “secondary container.” Label all secondary containers with:

 chemical name (as it appears

• n the MSDS),

 name of manufacturer,  concentration or purity,  date prepared, and  expiration or “use by” date.

Labeling

Containers in immediate use that are to be used within a day or session: (1) chemical name (as it appears on the MSDS); (2) how to handle; and (3) hazard information.

Labeling

Chemical waste containers should be labeled as follows:

• “WASTE” or “HAZARDOUS WASTE,”
• chemical name (as it appears on the MSDS),
• accumulation start date, and
• hazard(s) associated with the waste.

Chemical Storage

Chemical Storage

Criteria for storage area:

• Chemicals are stored inside closeable cabinets or on

sturdy shelves with a front-edge lip (3/4”) to prevent accidents and spills.

• Shelving is secured to the wall or floor.
• Storage areas have doors that lock.
• Storage areas are off limits to students.
• Storage areas are adequately ventilated.

Chemical Storage

Organization:

• Organize chemicals first by COMPATIBILITY, not

by alphabetic succession.

• Store chemicals alphabetically within compatible

groups.

Chemical Storage

Chemical segregation:

• Store acids in a dedicated acid cabinet.
• Store nitric acid alone.
• Store highly toxic chemicals in a dedicated, lockable poison cabinet

that has been labeled with a highly visible sign.

• Store volatile and odoriferous chemicals in a ventilated cabinet.
• Store flammables in an approved flammable liquid storage cabinet.

♦ More than 10 gallons of flammable/combustible liquids must be in cabinet. ♦ Storage in flammable cabinet must not exceed design quantities (e.g., 60 gallons). ♦ Cabinets should be properly vented if potential exists for buildup of hazardous vapors.

• Store water-sensitive chemicals in a water-tight cabinet in a cool

and dry location segregated from all other chemicals.

Chemical Storage

Storage don’ts:

• Don't place heavy items, liquid chemicals, or large containers
• n high shelves.
• Don't store chemicals on top of cabinets.
• Don't store chemicals on the floor (even temporarily).
• Don't store items on bench tops or in fume hoods (except

when in use).

• Don't store chemicals on shelves above eye level.
• Don't store chemicals with food or drink.
• Don't store chemicals in food storage refrigerators.
• Don't expose stored chemicals to direct heat or sunlight, or to

highly variable temperatures.

Chemical Storage

Chemical Storage

Proper use of chemical storage container: Never use food containers for chemical storage.

Chemical Storage

Proper use of chemical storage container: Make sure all containers are properly closed or stopped.

Chemical Storage

Proper use of chemical storage container: After each use, wipe down the outside of the container with a paper towel before returning it to storage. Properly dispose of the paper towel after use.

The Flinn Chemical Catalog Reference Manual suggests organic and inorganic groupings that are further sorted into compatible

• families. The compatible families suggested are:

Inorganic

Metals, hydrides Halides, sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates, phosphates, halogens Amides, nitrates (except ammonium nitrate), nitrites, azides, nitric acid Hydroxides, oxides, silicates, carbonates, carbon Sulfides, selenides, phosphides, carbides, nitrides Chlorates, perchlorates, perchloric acid, chlorites, hypochlorites, peroxides, hydrogen peroxide Arsenates, cyanides, cyanates Borates, chromates, manganates, permanganates Acids (except nitric) Sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic, phosphorus pentoxide

Organic

Acids, anhydrides, peracids Alcohols, glycols, amines, amides, imines, imides Hydrocarbons, esters, aldehydes Ethers, ketones, ketenes, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethylene oxide Epoxy compounds, isocyanates Peroxides, hydroperoxides, azides Sulfides, polysulfides, sulfoxides, nitriles Phenols, cresols

Flinn Suggested Shelf Storage Pattern for Inorganics

Inorganic #10 Arsenic, phosphorous, phosphorous pentoxide, sulfur Inorganic #7 Arsenates, cyanates, cyanides STORE AWAY FROM WATER. Inorganic #2 Halides, halogens, phosphates, sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates Inorganic #5 Carbides, nitrides, phosphides, selenides, sulfides Inorganic #3 Amides, azides, nitrates, nitrites EXCEPTION: STORE AMMONIUM NITRATE AWAY FROM ALL OTHER SUBSTANCES. Inorganic #8 Borates, chromates, manganates, permanganates Inorganic #1 Hydrides, metals STORE AWAY FROM WATER. STORE ANY FLAMMABLE SOLIDS IN A DEDICATED CABINET. Inorganic #6 Chlorates, chlorites, hypochlorites, hydrogen peroxide, perchlorates, perchloric acid, peroxides Inorganic #4 Carbon, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, silicates Miscellaneous

Flinn Suggested Shelf Storage Pattern for Organics

Organic #2 Alcohols, amides, amines, imides, imines, glycols STORE FLAMABLES IN A DEDICATED CABINET. Organic #8 Cresols, phenol Organic #3 Aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons STORE FLAMMABLES IN A DEDICATED CABINET. Organic #6 Azides, hydroperoxides, peroxides Organic #4 Ethers, ethylene oxide, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketenes, ketones STORE FLAMMABLES IN A DEDICATED CABINET. Organic #1 Acids, anhydrides, peracids STORE CERTAIN ORGANIC ACIDS IN ACID CABINET. Organic #5 Epoxy compounds, isocyanates Miscellaneous Organic #7 Nitriles, polysulfides, sulfides, sulfoxides, etc. Miscellaneous

Material Safety Data Sheet

Section I Chemical name and manufacturer info Section II List of hazardous ingredients Section III Physical data to identify the substance (appearance/odor) Section IV Firefighting and extinguishing info Section V Health effects Section VI Reactive info Section VII Clean-up and waste disposal info Section VIII Personal protective equipment Section IX Special handling precautions

NFPA Chemical Hazard Label

Goals For Chemical Storage

• Removal of hazardous or excess chemicals
• No future accumulation of excess or hazardous

chemicals

• Training in proper safety precautions for all

personnel

• HOUSEKEEPING

Housekeeping “field day”; particular consideration and attention should be given to:

• disposal of any unused/

unneeded materials,

• reorganization of storage areas,
• removal or correction of

electrical and fire code violations, and

• general cleaning of work

surface areas.

Goals For Chemical Storage

Safety Guidelines

• Know which chemicals you work with.
• Read the labels.
• Follow all established safety policies and

procedures for chemical handling and storage.

• Use the proper personal protective equipment.
• Wash your hands before eating, drinking,

applying make-up, etc.

L Label everything A Appropriate containers in good condition B Be neat and orderly S Store only what you will use within the school year A Always wear protective clothing F Food allowed in eating areas only E Everything in its place T Time to inventory & organize Y Your safety is important

Goals For Chemical Storage