CSCI 21 215 Soc ocial & Eth thical Iss Issues In In Com - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CSCI 21 215 Soc ocial & Eth thical Iss Issues In In Com omputing Class 22 – (some) notes on AI

Not otes • Guest Speaker Tomorrow • Guest Speakers Tuesday • Researchers at our very own university who have worked with social media and privacy concerns • Homework 4 posted • You can you any of the links on today’s slides for homework 4

Revie iew • How many software freedoms are there? • What’s the difference between GPL and Copyleft? • Also, James was correct, BSD License is the license concerning the use of the creator’s name.

Net t Neu eutrali lity ty Ru Ruli ling – 6/1 /14/2016 • Broadband is now classified as “common carriers”, meaning FCC can enforce laws to keep it open and neutral • Service Providers (including AT&T) are vowing to appeal to the supreme court

Tur urin ing Tes est t - Orig rigin inal • Interrogator has just 5 minutes to chat with human/chatbot • AI System passes if judges get fooled >30% of the time • Chatbot Eugene Goodman made news in 2013 for passing Turing contest at University of Reading

Tur urin ing Tes est t - Upd pdated • 1990 Hugh Loebner updated the Turing Test • Conversations should last 25 minutes • Should be 4 different judges • AI System passes if judges get fooled >50% of the time

Tur urin ing Tes est t - Th The e Loe oebner Pri rize • Contest consists of 4 rounds • Each round, the 4 judges interact with two entities using a computer terminal, one human and one AI. • After 25 minutes of questioning the judge must decide entity is the human and which is the AI. • Gold Medal, if a system can fool judges on more than just text level • Silver Medal if can fool more than half judges • If no winners, Bronze medal awarded to AI that fools most judges http://aisb.org.uk/events/loebner-prize

Arti rtific icia ial In Intelli ligence e – Lea earnin ing & Som ome His istory • 1964 ELIZA - Created by Joseph Weizenbaum of MIT. • Original Chatbot that picked up on key words and imitated a therapist . • For Example: ELIZA would respond to a question such as “My mother hates me” with “ Who else in your family hates you ?” • Weizenbaum went from a strong proponent of anthropomorphized AI to a critic after test subjects started to open up emotionally to ELIZA, as if she were a real person.

Arti rtific icia ial In Intelli ligence e – Lea earnin ing & Som ome His istory 1957 Perceptron - using a large number of very simple linear classifiers creates a strong model

Progress in machine classification of images • Red line - the error rate of a trained human Microsoft Research- outperforming humans

Arti rtific icia ial In Intelli ligence e – Lea earnin ing & Som ome His istory • 1990s – Statistical AI and Big Data – Recognize patterns • 1996 – Deep Blue – won chess match against world champion Kasparov • Won first of 6 games, lost 2, and tied 3 • 1997 Rematch, Deep Blue won 2, lost 1, and tied 3

Arti rtific icia ial In Intelli ligence e – Lea earnin ing & Som ome His istory • 2011 – Watson and Jeopardy – understands natural language (enough to beat the top 2 jeopardy champions while not connected to the internet ) • 2013 – Watson goes commercial – Utilization Management Decisions in lung cancer treatment • http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/offerings.h tml

Goo oogle e Dee eepMin ind • AlphaGo v Lee Sedol at GO competition • AlphaGo wins 4 -1

Goo oogle e Dee eepMin ind • British Artificial Intelligence company, acquired by Google • Being used in UK for kidney disease treatment • http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/04/googles- deepmind-shouldnt-be-sucking-up-our-nhs-records-in- secret?CMP=fb_gu • As a side note, on medical data security • http://money.cnn.com/2014/08/20/technology/security/hospitals- data/

Type pes of of AI 1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) • REALLY good at one thing (i.e. playing chess) 2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): • Intelligent on par with human • Could pass Turing test 3. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI): • An agent who possesses intelligence far beyond even the most gifted human. • http://www.nickbostrom.com/superintelligence.html

Disc iscussio ion • How can we balance the good of giving all data to a system like Watson and Google DeepMind with privacy concerns? Should we?