CSCI 21 215 Soc ocial & Eth thical Iss Issues In In Com - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CSCI 21 215 Soc

• cial & Eth

thical Iss Issues In In Com

• mputing

Class 22 – (some) notes on AI

Not

• tes
• Guest Speaker Tomorrow
• Guest Speakers Tuesday
• Researchers at our very own university who have worked with social media and

privacy concerns

• Homework 4 posted
• You can you any of the links on today’s slides for homework 4

Revie iew

• How many software freedoms are there?
• What’s the difference between GPL and Copyleft?
• Also, James was correct, BSD License is the license concerning the use of the

creator’s name.

Net t Neu eutrali lity ty Ru Ruli ling – 6/1 /14/2016

• Broadband is now classified as “common carriers”, meaning FCC can

enforce laws to keep it open and neutral

• Service Providers (including AT&T) are vowing to appeal to the

supreme court

Tur urin ing Tes est t - Orig rigin inal

• Interrogator has just 5 minutes to chat with human/chatbot
• AI System passes if judges get fooled >30% of the time
• Chatbot Eugene Goodman made news in 2013 for passing Turing

contest at University of Reading

Tur urin ing Tes est t - Upd pdated

• 1990 Hugh Loebner updated the Turing Test
• Conversations should last 25 minutes
• Should be 4 different judges
• AI System passes if judges get fooled >50% of the time

Tur urin ing Tes est t - Th The e Loe

• ebner Pri

rize

• Contest consists of 4 rounds
• Each round, the 4 judges interact with two entities using a computer

terminal, one human and one AI.

• After 25 minutes of questioning the judge must decide entity is the

human and which is the AI.

• Gold Medal, if a system can fool judges on more than just text level
• Silver Medal if can fool more than half judges
• If no winners, Bronze medal awarded to AI that fools most judges

http://aisb.org.uk/events/loebner-prize

Arti rtific icia ial In Intelli ligence e – Lea earnin ing & Som

• me His

istory

• 1964 ELIZA - Created by Joseph Weizenbaum of MIT.
• Original Chatbot that picked up on key words and imitated a

therapist .

• For Example: ELIZA would respond to a question such as “My

mother hates me” with “Who else in your family hates you?”

• Weizenbaum went from a strong proponent of

anthropomorphized AI to a critic after test subjects started to

• pen up emotionally to ELIZA, as if she were a real person.

Arti rtific icia ial In Intelli ligence e – Lea earnin ing & Som

• me His

istory

1957 Perceptron - using a large number of very simple linear classifiers creates a strong model

Progress in machine classification of images

• Red line - the error rate of a trained human

Microsoft Research- outperforming humans

Arti rtific icia ial In Intelli ligence e – Lea earnin ing & Som

• me His

istory

• 1990s – Statistical AI and Big Data – Recognize patterns
• 1996 – Deep Blue – won chess match against world champion

Kasparov

• Won first of 6 games, lost 2, and tied 3
• 1997 Rematch, Deep Blue won 2, lost 1, and tied 3

Arti rtific icia ial In Intelli ligence e – Lea earnin ing & Som

• me His

istory

• 2011 – Watson and Jeopardy – understands natural language

(enough to beat the top 2 jeopardy champions while not connected to the internet)

• 2013 – Watson goes commercial – Utilization Management

Decisions in lung cancer treatment

• http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/offerings.h

tml

Goo

• ogle

e Dee eepMin ind

• AlphaGo v Lee Sedol at GO competition
• AlphaGo wins 4 -1

Goo

• ogle

e Dee eepMin ind

• British Artificial Intelligence company, acquired by Google
• Being used in UK for kidney disease treatment
• http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/04/googles-

deepmind-shouldnt-be-sucking-up-our-nhs-records-in- secret?CMP=fb_gu

• As a side note, on medical data security
• http://money.cnn.com/2014/08/20/technology/security/hospitals-

data/

Type pes of

• f AI
• 1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)
• REALLY good at one thing (i.e. playing chess)
• 2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI):
• Intelligent on par with human
• Could pass Turing test
• 3. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI):
• An agent who possesses intelligence far beyond even the most gifted human.
• http://www.nickbostrom.com/superintelligence.html

Disc iscussio ion

• How can we balance the good of giving all data to a system like

Watson and Google DeepMind with privacy concerns? Should we?