Content Short survey on standardization What is a standard? - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
EV charging How EVs are charged? What are the most important international charging standards? Juha Vesa SESKO Development Manager 13.4.2016 1 Content Short survey on standardization What is a standard? How they are prepared?
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Juha Vesa SESKO Development Manager How EVs are charged? What are the most important international charging standards?
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– Short survey on standardization
– Standards and legislation – How EVs are charged? – What are the most important international charging standards?
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Formal definition of a standard in SFS-EN 45020: Document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the
Standards are developed and defined through a process of sharing knowledge and building consensus among technical experts nominated by interested parties and other stakeholders - including businesses, consumers and environmental groups, among others. There are several different types of standards. Basically, standards include requirements and/or recommendations in relation to products, systems, processes or services. Standards can also be a way to describe a measurement or test method or to establish a common terminology within a specific sector. On the fast developing areas certain pre-standards are prepared quickly (IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, IEC/TR). These will be implemented as a standards after couple of years (E.g. Led technology. Standards – set out requirements for a specific item, material, component, system or service – describe in detail a particular method or procedure – facilitate international trade by ensuring compatibility and interoperability of components, products and services – bring benefits to businesses and consumers in terms of reducing costs, enhancing performance and improving safety.
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Global Europe Finland General Electrotechnology Communication
IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission CENELEC = European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization 13.4.2016
TC 22/SC 21 23H, 64, 69, 121B etc. 23H, 64, 69X etc. SK 23, SK 64, SK 69 TC 301
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IEC-standards (Global) – IEC, IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, CISPR, ISO/IEC Total 6200 pcs – European (and national) standards are based on these. EN-standards (European) – Identical in all CENELEC members countries (SFS-EN, BSI-EN, SS- EN jne.) – Conflicting national standars are not allowed – Can be harmonized with regard to directives – 85 % of ENs are based on IEC-standards (EN 6xxxx) ja (EN 550xx), rest are home-grown European standards (EN 50xxx) ja (EN 13xxxx) (applications for railways, alarm systems, HBES) HD-harmonization document (European) – Can be adopted as national standards, conflicting national standards are not allowed – Energy cables, low-voltage installation SFS-standards (Finnish) – 95 % identical with EN-standards (SFS-EN xxxxx) – Less than 10 % are in Finnish, rest are in English – Homegrown standards: Revision of old national standards e.g. for accessories of overhead lines, terminology or standards on areas where no EN-standards exist (low-voltage installation, household plugs and socket-outlet)
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Preparation of IEC-, EN- and SFS-standards (parallel procedure)
WG/MT members
IEC CENELEC SESKO
Proposal stage (NP) Maintenance Committee stage (CD) Enquiry stage (CDV) IEC Publication Parallel FDIS- vote EN Publication Proposal or vote on NP-draft National enquiry Vote (IEC & CENELEC) Comments on EN-draft Vote (IEC & CENELEC) National enquiry SFS-EN-standard Preparatory stage
M A I N T E N A N C E C Y C L E
Approval stage (FDIS) BT:n ratification SESKOs Managing director Parallel CDV- vote Comments from expert groups
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UAP UAP
Technical content is fixed !!! SFS-standard is prepared in IEC !!! Last stage to give comments !!!
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EU New Legislative Framework -directives (e.g. LVD 2014/35/EU, EMC 2014/30/EU, ATEX 2014/34/EU) have to be implemented by all countries. Give only essential requirements on safety, health, environment and consumer protection. Refer to harmonized standards (EN) with regard to detailed requirements. Product complying with the EN-standard listed under the directive, fulfills also requirements of directive and of national legislation. Harmonized standard gives the presumption of
ensured. It is still on the voluntary basis to use EN-standards and essential requirements of the directive can be fulfilled also by some other way.
No EU-directives for electrical installations and equipment. National legislation is needed for electrical installations in Finland. These decrees (KTMp 1193/1999 ja 1194/1999) are ”like directives” and they give a special status for national standards concerning electrical installations (new regulation 2016-04) Finnish Safety Authority lists applicable standards (Guide S-10) – E.g. SFS 6000, SFS 6001, SFS-EN 50341, SFS-EN 60079-14 Standard is a voluntary document but the easiest way to declare compliance with requirements of
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Mode 3 charging (Basic charging)
– AC supply from a dedicated EV socket-outlet or connetor – 1-, 2- or 3-phase charging with AC up to 3x63 A or 1x70 A – Extended safety functionalities
continuity checking
– Extended control possibilities (e.g. controlling the charging current) – Feeding back electricity from V2G
Mode 4 charging (Power charging)
– DC charging from an external charger – Fixed charging cable in a charging station – Enables flexible and controllable charging with a theoratically max. power 120-170 kW
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Mode 2 charging (slow charging) SFS-EN 61851-1
– 1-, 2 or 3-phase charging with AC up to 32 A – Charging cable is equipped with an in-cable control box (IC-CPD) which includes control and safety related functionalities such as restriction of the charging current – IC-CPD provides extended safety functionalities as mode 3
Mode 1 charging (LEV charging, class II) IEC 61851-3
– An AC charging method from household socket-
– Supplying circuit shall be provided with an RCD – Class II equipment – Normally used for LEVs
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Wireless charging IEC 61980-1:2015 Electric vehicle wireless power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1: General requirements Draft IEC/TS 61980-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2 Communication between EV and infrastructure with respect to wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, will be published 2017 Draft IEC/TS 61980-3 Ed. 1.0 Part 3 Specific requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems, will be published 2017 Battery swapping Draft IEC/TS 62840-1 Ed. 1.0 Electric vehicle battery swap system. Part 1: System description and general requirements, will be published 2016 Draft IEC 62840-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2: Safety requirements, will be published 2016
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From charging point to EV SFS-EN 61851-1 Safety requirements SFS-EN 61851-21 On- and off-board charger EMC SFS-EN 61851-23 DC-charging station SFS-EN 61851-24 Comm. between DC-charging station and EV SFS-EN 62196-1 & -2 AC plug, socket-outlet, connector, inlet SFS-EN 62196-1 & -3 DC and AC/DC connector, inlet prEN 50620 Charging cable From grid to charging point SFS 6000-7-722 Supply of charging station (fixed installation) SFS 6000-8-813 Selection of socket-outlets etc. IEC/TS 61439-7 Charging post (enclosures etc.) SFS-EN 61000-6-2 & -3 EMC, immunity and emission SFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shock SFS-EN 61508 Functional safety
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Communication & Security ISO/IEC 15118 -sarja V2G Communication SFS-EN 61850-7-420 DER logical nodes ISO/IEC 15408 –series Security technics ISO/IEC 27001-1 Security technics Safety of EV ISO 6469, ISO 17409 Battery cells and packs SFS-EN 62660-1, -2 ISO 12405-1, -2, -3 EMC of EV (general) ISO 7637, 11451, 11452
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Requirements of charging system (SFS-EN 61851-1)
– Scope – Normative references – Terms and definitions – General requirements – Classification – Charging modes and functions – Communications – Protection against electric shock – Conductive electrical interface requirements – Requirements for adaptors – Cable assembly requirements – EV supply equipment constructional requirements and tests – Overload and short-circuit protection – Automatic reclosing of protective devices – Emergency switching or disconnect (optional) – Marking and instructions – Annexes (e.g. control pilot function, current coding, charging circuit diagrams)
Degrees of protection against access to hazardous live parts Stored energy Disconnection of plug connected EVSE Loss of supply voltage to permanently connected EVSE Fault protection Protective conductor Residual current protective devices Safety requirements for signalling circuits between the EVSE and the EV Isolating transformers Mechanical switching devices (Switch, Contactor, CB, Relay, etc.) Clearances and creepage distances & IP classes Touch current Dielectric withstand voltage & Insulation resistance Temperature rise Damp heat functional test Minimum temperature functional test Mechanical Strength
13.4.2016 14 – Scope – Normative references – Terms and definitions – Conductor arrangement and system earthing – Division of installation (a dedicated circuit for electric vehicles) – Protection for safety (protection against electric shock) – Measures against electromagnetic influences – Requirements for wireless charging – Selection and erection of electrical equipment – Operational conditions and external influences (water, foreign objects, impacts) – Isolation, switching and control – Devices for protection against indirect contact by automatic disconnection of supply (RCD) – Devices for protection against overcurrent – Co-ordination of various protective devices – Protective conductors – Socket-outlets and vehicle connectors – Low voltage generating sets (charging EV from battery banks, feeding back electricity from electric vehicles into installation)
Modified or new requirements in italics when compared to SFS 6000-7-722:2012
Requirements of supplies for electric vehicles (SFS 6000-7-722:201x)
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Accessories for EV charging
Type 1 Type 2
European solution in public charging points according to AFI-directive (2014/94/EU) Mode 3 charging (basic sharging) – SFS-EN 62196-2 CHAdeMO CCS 2 (Combo 2) 200 A, 1000 V DC Mode 4 charging (power charging) – SFS-EN 62196-3
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AFID (2014/94/EU) On the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure
Up to 22 kW Above 22 kW
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Multi-standard charger solution
CHAdeMO CCS AC
Source: ABB
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European standards (ENs) on electricity supply Publication to be availlable
Technical specifications with a single solution for wireless recharging for passenger cars and light duty vehicles interoperable with the specification contained in IEC/TS 61980-3
31.12.2019 Technical specifications with a single solution for battery swapping for electric vehicles 31.12.2022 Technical specifications with a single solution for electric bus supply connectors and socket outlet. If feasible, this technical interoperable solution should be based on the standard developed for electric passenger cars and light duty vehicles 31.12.2019 Technical specifications with a single solution for electric bus wireless recharging 31.12.2018 Specifications as a recommended interoperable solution for AC normal recharging points for L-category motor vehicles 31.12.2016
Type 1 Type 2
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New applications challenge old solutions and standards
SFS 5610 ”Household plugs and socket-outlets”
– Temperature rise test 22 A, 1h –
SO in EV charging
– 10 – 16 A , 8 - 10 h – Mass > 0,5 kg
SFS-EN 62196-2 ”EV plugs and socket-outlets”
–
– Durable construction
Charging current shall be limited to a lower level!!!
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IEC 60884-1 ”Normal profile” plug
– Temperature rise test 22 A, 1 h – ΔT = 45 K – Mass 0,5 kg
IEC 60884-1 ”High load profile plugs”
– Under preparation – Crimp connections – Solid pins – 16 A/2,5 mm2 – Temperature rise test 26 A, 5 h +1 h, min. 125 cycles – ΔT = 35 K
0,5 million socket-outlets for car heaters...
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Installation (SK 64), control and switchgear box (SK 121B ) ja connectors (SK 23)
Number Title
SFS 6000-7-722 Low-voltage electrical installations. Part 7-722: Requirements for special installations
SFS 6000-8-813 Part 8-813: Supplementary requirements. Selection and erection of plugs and socket
IEC 61439-7 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 7: Assemblies for specific installations at public sites such as marinas, camping sites, market squares and similar applications and for charging stations for Electrical Vehicles, will be published 2017 SFS-EN 62196-1 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements SFS-EN 62196-2 Part 2: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c. pin and contact-tube accessories SFS-EN 62196-3 Part 3: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for dedicated d.c. and combined a.c./d.c. pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers IEC/TS 62196-4 Part 4: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c., d.c. and a.c./ d.c. vehicle couplers for Class II or Class III light electric vehicles (LEV) Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
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Charging systems (SK 69)
Number Title
SFS-EN 61851-1 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements (3rd Ed. will be published 2016) IEC 61851-21-1 Part 21-1: Electric vehicle onboard charger EMC requirements for conductive connection to a.c./d.c. supply, will be published 2016 IEC 61851-21-2 Part 21-2: EMC requirements for OFF board charging systems, will be published 2017 SFS-EN 61851-23 Part 23: D.C electric vehicle charging station Draft 61851-23-1 Part 23-1: DC Charging with an automatic connection system (Finland active!!!) SFS-EN 61851-24 Part 24: Control communication protocol between off-board d.c. charger and EV SFS-EN 61980-1 EV wireless power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1: General requirements IEC/TS 61980-2 Part 2: Communication between EV and infrastructure with respect to (WPT) systems IEC/TS 61980-3 Part 3 specific requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems. IEC/TS 62840-1 Electric vehicle battery exchange infrastructure safety requirements IEC 62840-2 Part 2: Safety requirements Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
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Charging systems – Light electric vehicles (Class II) (SK 69)
Number Title
IEC/TS 61851-3-1 Electric Vehicles conductive power supply system - Part 3-1: General Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) AC and DC conductive power supply systems IEC/TS 61851-3-2 Part 3-2: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) DC off-board conductive power supply systems IEC/TS 61851-3-3 Part 3-3: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) battery swap systems IEC/TS 61851-3-4 Part 3-4: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) communication IEC/TS 61851-3-5 Part 3-5: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Pre-defined communication parameters IEC/TS 61851-3-6 Part 3-6, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Voltage converter unit IEC/TS 61851-3-7 Part 3-7, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Battery system Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
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Communication V2G
Number Title
ISO 15118-1 Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface - Part 1: General information and use-case definition ISO 15118-2 Part 2: Technical protocol description and Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) layer requirements ISO 15118-3 Part 3: Physical and data link layer requirements ISO 15118-4 Part 4: Network and application protocol conformance test ISO 15118-5 Part 5: Physical and data link layer conformance tests ISO 15118-6 Part 6: General information and use-case definition for wireless communication ISO 15118-7 Part 7: Network and application protocol requirements for wireless communication ISO 15118-8 Part 8: Physical layer and data link layer requirements for wireless communication Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
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Data model, security
Number Title
SFS-EN 61850-7-420 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 7-420: Basic communication structure - Distributed energy resources logical nodes IEC/TR 61850-90-8 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 90-8: IEC 61850 object models for electric mobility ISO/IEC 15408-1 Information technology -- Security techniques -- Evaluation criteria for IT security -- Part 1: Introduction and general model ISO/IEC 15408-2 Part 2: Security functional components ISO/IEC 15408-3 Part 3: Security assurance components ISO/IEC 27001-1 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems – Requirements Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
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Charging cable (SK 20) and mode 2 control box (IEC SC 23E)
Number Title
prEN 50620 Cables for electric vehicles SFS-EN 62752 In-Cable Control and Protective Device for mode 2 charging of electric road vehicles (IC-CPD) Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
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Horizontal standards
Number Title
SFS-EN 61000-6-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for industrial environments SFS-EN 61000-6-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards - Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments SFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment SFS-EN 61508 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published
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– Safety is still a key issue
during normal use, maintenance, accidents)
currents < 1000 V/200 A (or even 350 A))
– Electronics is increasing, emissions are increasing (2-150 kHz) – Smart charging is needed – The importance of renewable energy source is increasing (solar, water, wind, marine energy) – Electric vehicle will be an energy storage – Data security and privacy (Cyber security) will be more important – In addition to product standards, system standardization is increasing (IoT, digitalization, Smart Grid). Interoperability is a challenge. – Nordic climate will be a challenge in future, too – Electric vehicle will be a part of a network
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Charging of EVs - Aspects to be taken into consideration
– http://www.sesko.fi/standardit/standardoinnin_aihealueita/sahkoautot_ja_latausjarjestelmat/lataussuositus_2014
Content
circuits and charging points
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Buy standards
– Sales(at)sfs.fi
Further information concerning electrotechnical standardization
Websites
– www.sesko.fi – www.iec.ch – www.cenelec.eu – www.sfs.fi – www.sfsedu.fi
Participation to standardization
– SESKO’s IEC/CLC mirror committees (SK) – SESKO’s IEC/CLC follow-up groups (SR)
More information
– juha.vesa(at)sesko.fi
Standards related enquiries
– SESKO office – Tel: (09) 696 3970, – Email: asiakaspalvelu(at)sesko.fi