Components of Blood 55 % Plasma water lipids dissolved - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Blood


Components of Blood

55 % Plasma

• water
• lipids
• dissolved substances
• colloidal proteins
• clotting factors

45 % Formed Elements

• erythrocytes (RBC)
• leukocytes (WBC)
• thrombocytes (platelets)

Hematopoiesis

Hemocytoblast

Viewing Blood under Microscope

Erythrocytes

99% of the formed elements are Red Blood Cells (RBC) There are about 5 million RBC/mm3 of blood

Red Blood Cells are Biconcave

Sunken center where the nucleus use to be

White Blood Cells

There are about 7000 WBC/mm3 of blood Two types of leukocytes: granular & agranular

Leukocytes

Three kinds of granulocytes neutrophils eosinophils basophils Two kinds of agranulocytes lymphocytes monocytes 


Their cytoplasm is rich in granules which stain typical colors that help with their recognition. The nucleus is condensed in a little masses or lobes. Because these cells appear to be lacking in granules, they are named

• agranulocytes. They have a compact

nucleus and a transparent cytoplasm

Granulocytes

• Neutrophil

– Make up the majority of WBCs (60 – 70%) – Nucleus with 3 – 5 lobes – Fine reddish to violet granules in cytoplasm

Granulocytes

• Eosinophils

– Make up 2 – 4% of WBC – Nucleus has two large lobes connected by a thin strand – Large orange-pink granules in cytoplasm

Granulocytes

• Basophils

– Make up 0.5-1% of WBC – Nucleus is U or S shaped, but typically hard to view – Dark violet granules in cytoplasm

Agranulocytes

• Lymphocyte

– Make up 25-33% of WBC – Large round nucleus, dark violet in color – Small lymphocytes: nucleus occupies much of cell – Large lymphocytes have more cytoplasm

Agranulocytes

• Monocyte

– Make up 3 - 8%

• f WBC

– Large kidney- shaped nucleus, light to dark violet in color – Abundant cytoplasm with fine granules

Platelets Blood Typing

• Blood typing is

determined by the type

• f antigens or markers

that are on the surface of red blood cells (either "A" , "B”, or “D”)

– D and Rh antigens are the same

Blood Typing

No antibodies

Blood Typing

18

ABO Blood Typing

anti-A serum anti-B serum

Genetics & Blood Typing

• The gene for 'Type A' and 'Type B' are equally

dominant (i.e. Codominant), and the gene for 'Type O' is recessive.

• This means that If a person is Type A, then

they could have a genetic pairing of either 'AA' or 'AO' because the 'Type A' disguises the 'O' gene. (The same goes for 'Type B')

• Only if the person has both genes as 'Type O'

can they be classed as 'Type O' due to the lack of a dominant A or B gene.

Genetics & Blood Typing

• The table on the

right shows how blood types and genetic makeup correspond: Genetic makeup Blood type AA A AO A BB B BO B AB AB OO O

Genetics & Blood Typing

• Rh Factor:

Possession of the D or Rh antigen is also a dominant gene. Genetic makeup Blood type

+ +

Rh positive

+ -

Rh positive

• -

Rh negative

Questions:

• Can a man who has type O blood be the

father of a baby who is type AB?

• Can a woman who is type B and a father

who is type A give birth to a baby who is type O?

NO YES

Hematocrit

• Hematocrit: The proportion of the blood that

consists of packed red blood cells. The hematocrit is expressed as a percentage by volume.

• The red cells are packed by centrifugation.
• The hematocrit is normally ordered as a part of the

complete blood count (CBC).

• It is also repeated at regular intervals for many

conditions, including:

– the diagnosis of anemia and polycythemia – the monitoring of treatment for anemia, – recovery from dehydration, and – monitoring of ongoing bleeding to check its severity.

Hematocrit

• Normal Values

– Adult males: 42-52% – Adult women: 37-48%

P W

P X 100 W