Compatibility of f In Insecticides and Biocontrol for Managing EAB - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Compatibility of f In Insecticides and Biocontrol for Managing EAB in in Urb rban Environments

Juli Gould & Gericke Cook USDA-APHIS-PPQ Melissa Fierke and Michael Jones SUNY-ESF John Kaltenbach Colorado Department of Agriculture Fredric Miller The Morton Arboretum

In Integrating Biocontrol and In Insecticide Treatments in in Urb rban Areas

Can systemic insecticides save large ash trees while parasitoid populations establish, disperse, and increase? Will suppression of EAB populations allow parasitoids to increase more quickly relative to their host? Can we eventually cease using insecticides because biocontrol agents and native natural enemies will cause sufficient EAB mortality?

Why this Might Work

Tetrastichus planipennisi and Oobius agrili are establishing in many states and are dispersing from their release sites Insecticides can be very effective at keeping ash trees alive even in areas of high EAB density.

Why this Might Work

EAB populations reach a peak and decline at the same time that percentage parasitism by native parasitoids, T. planipennisi, and O. agrili are increasing. Woodpeckers continue to find and remove ca. 40% of mature EAB larvae even as EAB density declines.

EAB IP IPM - SIT ITES

 Syracuse NY  Naperville IL  Boulder CO

Three Treatments of 50 trees each: Insecticides Indefinitely Insecticides + Biocontrol Insecticides stopped after parasitoids established Biocontrol Only

GREEN VALLEY FOREST PRESERVE DuPage County, Ill Illinois

Yellow Pan Trap (Y (YPT) ) Data Coll llection

Yellow pan traps (YTP’s) deployed every 250 m (750 ft) in grid pattern in both release and control plots Trap contents collected weekly from mid-May to mid-September Parasitoids sent to Dr. Julie Gould for positive ID

Ash Tree Condition Assessment Ratings

Ash tree condition assessments conducted annually on all study trees (1=Full crown to 5=Tree dead) Data collected data on signs of EAB infestation (crown class, epicormic branching, and woodpecker foraging)

OVERALL ASH TREE CONDITION RATINGS OVER TIM IME FOR ALL STUDY TREES AT CONTROL AND RELEASE SIT ITES Naperv rville, Ill Illinois 2015-2016 2016

SITE # OF TREES 2015 TREE CONDITION 2016 TREE CONDITION CONTROL SITE: ALL STUDY TREES 300 1.21a 2.21b Significance: P<0.001 RELEASE SITE: ALL STUDY TREES 300 1.50a 2.11b Signficance: P<0.001

ASH TREE CONDITION RATINGS WIT ITHIN YEARS FOR CONTROL AND RELEASE SIT ITES Naperv rville, Ill Illinois 2015-2016 2016

LOCATION # OF TREES 2015 2016 DBH (cm.)

Control Site – Treated Trees-Long Term 58 1.07a 2.25ab 34.5b Control Site – Treated Trees-Short Term 59 1.07a 2.04a 40.1b Control Site – Untreated Trees 50 1.70b 2.65b 20.8a Significance: (P<0.05) F=20.5; P<0.001 F=3.7; P=0.027 F=40.6; P<0.001 Release Site – Treated Trees-Long Term 58 1.40a 1.48a 37.6b Release Site – Treated Trees-Short Term 58 1.29a 1.31a 37.8b Release site – Untreated Trees 50 1.87b 3.78b 24.1a Significance: (P<0.05) F=9.0; P<0.001 F=140.5; P<0.001 F=32.7; P<0.001

ASH TREE CONDITION RATINGS OVER TIM IME FOR CONTROL AND RELEASE SIT ITES

Napervil ille le, Ill Illin inois is 2015-2016 LOCATION # OF TREES 2015 2016

Significance (P<0.05) Overall Control Site – Treated –Untreated Trees 167 1.21a 2.21b P<0.001 Control Site – Treated Trees-Long Term 58 1.07a 2.25b P<0.001 Control Site – Treated Trees-Short Term 59 1.07a 1.99b P<0.001 Control Site – Untreated Trees 50 1.70b 2.64b P<0.001 Overall Release Site – Treated-Untreated Trees 166 1.50a 2.11b P<0.001 Release Site – Treated Trees-Long Term 58 1.40a 1.48a NS Release Site – Treated Trees-Short Term 58 1.29a 1.31a NS Release site – Untreated Trees 50 1.87a 3.78b P<0.001

Means across rows followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P<0.05). NS-Non-Significant

CONDITION RATINGS FOR YELLOW PAN TRAP TREES OVER TIM IME

Napervill lle, , Illin Illinois 2015-2016

LOCATION # OF TREES 2015 2016

Significance DBH

YPT Control Site Trees 32 1.69a 2.97a NS 8.2a YPT Release Site Trees 29 1.90a 3.21b P<0.001 8.6a

Means across rows followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P<0.05). NS-Non-Significant

NUMBER AND DBH OF TREATED TREES IN IN CONTROL AND RELEASE PLOTS

Syracuse, New York 20 2016

Plot Treatment Count

• f

Trees Mean DBH

Control Cont. Treatment 51 51.96 (± 1.74) Treated 53 50.77 (± 1.89) Release Cont. Treatment 48 42.82 (± 1.89) Treated 50 43.32 (± 2.04)

CHANGE IN IN NUMBER OF TREES IN IN EACH CROWN CLASS FOR UNTREATED TREES

Syr yracuse, New York 2015-2016

5 10 15 20 25 Control Release Control Release 2015 2016

Number

• f

Trees

Change in Crown Class

• f

Untreated Trees

1 2 3 4 5

CHANGE IN IN CROWN CLASS OF UNTREATED TREES FOR BOTH RELEASE AND CONTROL PLOTS

Syr yracuse, New York 2015-2016

Year Plot Count

• f

Trees Mean DBH Mean Crown Class Trees Exhibiting Symptoms

2015 Control 23 32.00 (±2.84) 1.22 (± 0.14) 1 Release 24 36.50 (± 4.03) 2.54 (± 0.26) 18 2016 Control 22 31.91 (± 2.97) 2.23 (± 0.29) 7 Release 23 35.54 (± 4.09) 3.61 (± 0.29) 20

PARASITOID RELEASE DATES AND NUMBER RELEASED

Napervill lle, , Illin Illinois 2015 and 2016

SITE 2015 RELEASE PERIOD - 2015 2016 RELEASE PERIOD - 2016 Tetrastichus planipennisi 2,300 9 June – 7 July 1 – 15 September 2,412 1 June – 30 June 17- 31 August Spathius galinae 400 9 June and 18 August (200 per release date) 349 15 and 29 June Oobius agrili 1,200 14 July – 4 August (300 released weekly) 1,200 13 July – 17 August (200 released weekly) Totals 3,900 3,961

PARASITOID RELEASE DATES AND NUMBER RELEASED

Syracuse, New York 2015 and 2016

SITE 2015 RELEASE PERIOD - 2015 2016 RELEASE PERIOD - 2016 Tetrastichus planipennisi 1,800 14 May – 11 June (weekly) 6 August – 3 September 1,200 27 May – 24 June 12 August – 9 September Spathius galinae 300 11 June 900 9 June and 18 August Oobius agrili 1,800 2 July – 6 August (300 released weekly) 600 8 July – 12 August Totals 3,900 2,700

PARASITOID RELEASE DATES AND NUMBER RELEASED Boulder, Colorado

2015

SITE 2014 RELEASE PERIOD - 2014 Tetrastichus planipennisi 2,900 September - October Spathius galinae 600 11 August Oobius agrili 1,200 June – mid July (200 released weekly) Totals 4,700

YE YELLOW PAN TRAP (Y (YPT) PARASITOID ID RECOVERY OVER TIM IME Naperv rville, Illi Illinois, , Syr yracuse, New York, , and Boulder, Colo lorado 20 2015 AND 2016

SITE PARASITOID SPECIES 2015 2016

Naperville, IL Control Site

• T. planipennisi

17 (6 YPT’s) 5 (3 YPT’s) Release Site

• T. planipennisi

6 (4 YPT’s) 6 (3 YPT’s) Totals 23 11 Syracuse, NY Control Site None Recovered Release Site

• T. planipennisi

8 (5 YPT’s) 14 (14 YPT’s)

• S. galinae

1 Totals 8 15 Boulder, CO None Recovered

PARASITOID RECOVERY

Napervill lle, , Illin Illinois 2015-2016

Furthest distance of approximately 1.5 miles (2.5 km) from release site Parasitoid recoveries are in similar areas for 2015 and 2016

PARASITOID RECOVERY

Syr yracuse, NY 2016 T. planipennisi: recovered in 14 release plot traps with the furthest distance of 1.5 miles (2.5 km) One Spathius galinae female was recovered 250 m (750 ft) from release point No parasitoids were recovered in control plot

BRANCH SAMPLING

Napervill lle, , Illin Illinois Fall ll, , 2015

• 15 trees from control plot for each treatment group were sampled

(Total=45 trees)

• 15 trees from release plot for each treatment group were sampled

(Total = 45 trees)

• Two, 3-4 foot long branch samples were taken from mid-canopy of

each tree (Total = 180 branch samples)

• Basal 20 inches of each branch sample was peeled and examined for

evidence of:

• EAB galleries
• Parasitized larvae
• Parasitoids

PARASITOID REARING FROM BRANCH SAMPLES

Napervill lle, , Illin Illinois Fall ll, , 2015

• Unpeeled, 10 inch long branch sections, with evidence of EAB larvae

and/or parasitism, were placed in plastic rearing containers

• Containers were covered in cheese cloth and held at room

temperature

• Examined weekly for evidence of EAB and parasitoid adult

emergence

BRANCH SAMPLING RESULTS

Napervill lle, , Illin Illinois Fall ll, , 2015

• Release Plot
• Five (5) trees had branch samples with Tets

parasitism evident

• Control Plot
• Five (5) trees had branch samples with Tets

parasitism evident

• 32 adult Tets parasitoids were reared from
• ne branch sample taken from release site

Summary ry

• Early results are promising with

Tetrastichus establishing and dispersing within two field seasons

• Plans are to continue sampling for several

more years