Insect Control Research for Pecan Ted Cottrell USDA, Agricultural - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Insect Control Research for Pecan Ted Cottrell USDA, Agricultural Research Service Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA

Pecan Insects  Pecan nut casebearer  Pecan aphids • Black pecan aphid • Blackmargined aphid • Yellow aphid  Pecan weevil  Stink bugs  Hickory shuckworm

A website with pecan production information: pecan.ipmpipe.org/

Managing 1 st Generation PNC PNC: First Capture at Byron, GA • Pheromone traps Year Date – 3 to 5 traps per orchard (< 50 acres); 5 traps if > 50 acres. Spread 2005 May 9 traps out. Place each trap near a nut cluster. 2006 April 28 – Put out traps before PNC moths fly. 2007 April 25 – Sample traps every 3-4 days and at least 3x per week for adult 2008 April 28 PNC moths. 2009 April 29 Plenty of photos on the web to Pecan bud moth PNC 2010 April 27 help you ID PNC adults! 2011 April 27 2012 April 6 2013 April 29

Managing 1 st Generation PNC • Scout orchard for PNC eggs on nutlets 7-10 days after capturing the first PNC adult in a trap. Use a hand lens to aid in this process. – If an insecticide treatment is needed , it is typically applied to the orchard 2 weeks after the first male moths are captured in traps. • Do not apply insecticide due to high trap capture. – If an application is even warranted, application based on high trap capture usually results in the application being made too early to provide needed residual activity for PNC control. • Trap capture (low or high) DOES NOT indicate whether an insecticide needs to be applied.

Tips for scouting PNC • Start scouting for PNC eggs on nutlets 7-10 days after capturing the first PNC in pheromone traps. • Examine 10 nut clusters/tree on 31 trees – If you find ≥ 2 infested clusters (eggs or nut entry) before sampling all trees, apply an insecticide within the next few days. • Mark some infested nut clusters with ribbon to determine egg hatch. Newly laid eggs are white but turn pink/red before hatching. Apply insecticide 1-2 days after egg hatch. • Scout for infested clusters again 5-7 days later. – If you find < 2 infested clusters, sample again 2-3 days later. • If you then find ≥ 2 infested clusters, immediately apply treatment. • If no treatment is needed, sample again 2 days later. This sample is very important if weather conditions have been cool or rainy.

2012 PNC Trap Capture, Byron, GA Average Capture by Sample Date 35 30 Average Moths / Trap 25 20 Orchard 1 15 Orchard 2 10 Orchard 3 5 0 Data collected from 3 PNC traps/orchard

2012 PNC Trap Capture, Byron, GA Is trap Cumulative Data capture an Cumulative Capture of PNC Moths Over Time 400 indicator of the 350 amount of 300 future damage? 250 200 Orchard 1 150 Orchard 2 Orchard 3 100 50 0 Data collected from 3 PNC traps/orchard

Percentage PNC Infestation of Nut Clusters in Unsprayed Pecan Orchards May 31, 2012 100 90 Trap capture is not 80 an indicator of the amount of future 70 Percentage of Clusters damage!! 60 50 Infested Not Infested 40 30 20 10 1.5% 2.0% 1.3% 0 Orchard 1 Orchard 2 Orchard 3 Sampled 20 nut clusters per tree on 20 trees in each orchard

2013 PNC Capture in Traps 70 May 1 May 8 May 15 May 22 60 Average Moths/Trap/Week 50 40 30 20 10 0 5 25 45 5 25 45 5 25 45 5 25 45 Trap height (ft) in the pecan tree

2013 Capture of PNC Moths and Nut Damage • During 2013 PNC moth flight, we sampled 1,200 nut clusters for PNC eggs. Nut clusters were sampled from the canopy bottom to the top. We found 0 eggs. • No PNC control action was taken this past Spring (2013). • Later, we sampled 300 nut clusters for signs of PNC nut entry. We found 0 infested clusters.

For your consideration: • SO…….. • Some of the nuts you save from PNC will drop in June. • You may need to treat your • Heavy/Light crop. orchard for PNC. OR • The cost of traps/lures and • You may not need to treat scouting will pay you back your orchard for PNC. in pesticide and fuel savings. – Trapping adult moths and scouting for eggs/nut entry • Spraying for PNC ‘ just to be will let you make that decision with confidence! safe ’ is another way to redistribute your wealth.

2013 Insecticide Trials Aphids, Hickory Shuckworm and Pecan Weevil In collaboration with David Shapiro-Ilan, USDA, ARS, Byron GA

2013 Insecticide Treatments & Application Dates - Treatments applied to orchards - 100 gpa using airblast sprayer Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Plan 5 Jul 12-17 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz 20oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz 20oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% Venerate 2 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz 20oz Sept 3-4 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% Venerate 2 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz 20oz Sept 12-15 Danitol 16 oz Carbaryl 4L 3 qt Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% Venerate 2 lbs Closer 2.75 oz Closer 2.75 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz 40oz Sept 30 Bifenture EC 12.8 Bifenture EC 12.8 Venerate 2 lbs oz + Closer 2.75 oz oz + Closer 2.75 oz White untreated Control

Blackmargined and Yellow Pecan Aphids 2013 70 Aphids per Compound Leaf 60 50 Plan 1 40 Plan 2 30 Plan 3 20 Plan 4 10 0 Jul 2 Jul 29 Aug 13 Aug 28 Sep 11 Spray Dates Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Jul 12-17 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Sept 3 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz

Black Pecan Aphid 2013 50 45 Aphids per Compound Leaf 40 35 Plan 1 30 Plan 2 25 Plan 3 20 Plan 4 15 Control 10 5 0 July 2 July 29 Aug 13 Aug 28 Sep 11 Spray Dates Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Jul 12-17 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Sept 3-4 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz

2013 Closer (Sulfoxaflor) Insecticide Trial Blackmargined + Yellow Pecan Aphid Data 100 90 Aphids per Compound Leaf 80 70 60 50 Closer 40 Control 30 20 10 0 18-Jul 25-Jul 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep Closer (2.75 oz/A and 100 gpa) applied on July 18 and August 6.

2013 Closer Insecticide Trial Black Pecan Aphid Data 90 80 Aphids per Compound Leaf 70 60 50 Closer 40 Control 30 20 10 0 18-Jul 25-Jul 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep Closer (2.75 oz/A and 100 gpa) applied on July 18 and August 6. Cross resistance by aphids to imidacloprid (4A) and sulfoxaflor (4C)?

2013 Hickory Shuckworm Damage assessment made in October 2013 60 A % Nuts with HSW 50 A Plan 1 AB 40 Infestation Plan 2 30 Plan 3 Plan 5 20 BC Control 10 C 0 Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 5 Jul 17 Belay 6 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal Sep 3 Danitol 16 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal Sep 12-15 Danitol 16 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Carbaryl 3/4 gal + Closer Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal 2.75 oz Sep 30 Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Venerate 2 gal Closer 2.75 oz

2013 Hickory Shuckworm 70 % Nuts with HSW 60 50 Infestation 40 Plan 1 30 Control 20 10 0 lower 1/3 middle 1/3 upper 1/3 Pecan Canopy Sample Location Hickory Shuckworm is more prevalent in the upper canopy of the pecan tree.

2013 Pecan Weevil Nuts collected BEFORE harvest 50 % Nuts with Pecan Weevil Canopy A Sample 40 Location A 30 upper 1/3 middle 1/3 A 20 lower 1/3 A 10 A 0 Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 5 Control Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 5 Jul 17 Belay 6 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal Sep 3 Danitol 16 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal Sep 12-15 Danitol 16 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Carbaryl 3/4 gal + Closer Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal 2.75 oz Sep 30 Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Venerate 2 gal Closer 2.75 oz