Insect Control Research for Pecan Ted Cottrell USDA, Agricultural - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Insect Control Research for Pecan

Ted Cottrell USDA, Agricultural Research Service Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA

Pecan Insects

• Pecan nut casebearer
• Pecan aphids
• Black pecan aphid
• Blackmargined aphid
• Yellow aphid
• Pecan weevil
• Stink bugs
• Hickory shuckworm

A website with pecan production information: pecan.ipmpipe.org/

Managing 1st Generation PNC

• Pheromone traps

– 3 to 5 traps per orchard (< 50 acres); 5 traps if > 50 acres. Spread traps out. Place each trap near a nut cluster. – Put out traps before PNC moths fly. – Sample traps every 3-4 days and at least 3x per week for adult PNC moths. Plenty of photos on the web to help you ID PNC adults!

PNC Pecan bud moth PNC: First Capture at Byron, GA Year Date 2005 May 9 2006 April 28 2007 April 25 2008 April 28 2009 April 29 2010 April 27 2011 April 27 2012 April 6 2013 April 29

• Scout orchard for PNC eggs on nutlets 7-10 days after capturing the first

PNC adult in a trap. Use a hand lens to aid in this process.

– If an insecticide treatment is needed, it is typically applied to the orchard 2 weeks after the first male moths are captured in traps.

• Do not apply insecticide due to high trap capture.

– If an application is even warranted, application based on high trap capture usually results in the application being made too early to provide needed residual activity for PNC control.

• Trap capture (low or high) DOES NOT indicate whether an insecticide

needs to be applied.

Managing 1st Generation PNC

Tips for scouting PNC

• Start scouting for PNC eggs on nutlets 7-10 days after

capturing the first PNC in pheromone traps.

• Examine 10 nut clusters/tree on 31 trees

– If you find ≥ 2 infested clusters (eggs or nut entry) before sampling all trees, apply an insecticide within the next few days.

• Mark some infested nut clusters with ribbon to determine egg hatch.

Newly laid eggs are white but turn pink/red before hatching. Apply insecticide 1-2 days after egg hatch.

• Scout for infested clusters again 5-7 days later.

– If you find < 2 infested clusters, sample again 2-3 days later.

• If you then find ≥ 2 infested clusters, immediately apply treatment.
• If no treatment is needed, sample again 2 days later. This sample is

very important if weather conditions have been cool or rainy.

2012 PNC Trap Capture, Byron, GA

Average Capture by Sample Date

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Orchard 1 Orchard 2 Orchard 3

Average Moths / Trap

Data collected from 3 PNC traps/orchard

2012 PNC Trap Capture, Byron, GA

Cumulative Data

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Orchard 1 Orchard 2 Orchard 3

Cumulative Capture of PNC Moths Over Time

Data collected from 3 PNC traps/orchard Is trap capture an indicator

• f the

amount of future damage?

Percentage PNC Infestation of Nut Clusters in Unsprayed Pecan Orchards

May 31, 2012

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Orchard 1 Orchard 2 Orchard 3

Infested Not Infested

Percentage of Clusters Sampled 20 nut clusters per tree on 20 trees in each orchard

1.3% 1.5% 2.0% Trap capture is not an indicator of the amount of future damage!!

5 25 45 5 25 45 5 25 45 5 25 45 Trap height (ft) in the pecan tree

2013 PNC Capture in Traps

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 May 1 May 8 May 15 May 22 Average Moths/Trap/Week

2013 Capture of PNC Moths and Nut Damage

• During 2013 PNC moth flight, we sampled 1,200 nut

clusters for PNC eggs. Nut clusters were sampled from the canopy bottom to the top. We found 0 eggs.

• No PNC control action was taken this past Spring

(2013).

• Later, we sampled 300 nut clusters for signs of PNC

nut entry. We found 0 infested clusters.

For your consideration:

• Some of the nuts you save

from PNC will drop in June.

• Heavy/Light crop.
• The cost of traps/lures and

scouting will pay you back in pesticide and fuel savings.

• Spraying for PNC ‘just to be

safe’ is another way to redistribute your wealth.

• SO……..
• You may need to treat your
• rchard for PNC.

OR

• You may not need to treat

your orchard for PNC.

– Trapping adult moths and scouting for eggs/nut entry will let you make that decision with confidence!

2013 Insecticide Trials Aphids, Hickory Shuckworm and Pecan Weevil

In collaboration with David Shapiro-Ilan, USDA, ARS, Byron GA

2013 Insecticide Treatments & Application Dates

• Treatments applied to orchards
• 100 gpa using airblast sprayer

Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Plan 5

Jul 12-17 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Venerate 2 lbs Sept 3-4 Danitol 16 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Venerate 2 lbs Sept 12-15 Danitol 16 oz Closer 2.75 oz Carbaryl 4L 3 qt Closer 2.75 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 40oz Venerate 2 lbs Sept 30 Bifenture EC 12.8

• z + Closer 2.75 oz

Bifenture EC 12.8

• z + Closer 2.75 oz

Venerate 2 lbs

White untreated Control

Blackmargined and Yellow Pecan Aphids 2013

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4

Spray Dates Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4

Jul 12-17 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Sept 3 Danitol 16 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz

Aphids per Compound Leaf

Jul 2 Jul 29 Aug 13 Aug 28 Sep 11

Black Pecan Aphid 2013

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Control

Spray Dates Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4

Jul 12-17 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Sept 3-4 Danitol 16 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz

Aphids per Compound Leaf July 2 July 29 Aug 13 Aug 28 Sep 11

2013 Closer (Sulfoxaflor) Insecticide Trial Blackmargined + Yellow Pecan Aphid Data

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 18-Jul 25-Jul 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep

Closer Control Closer (2.75 oz/A and 100 gpa) applied on July 18 and August 6. Aphids per Compound Leaf

2013 Closer Insecticide Trial Black Pecan Aphid Data

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 18-Jul 25-Jul 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep

Closer Control Closer (2.75 oz/A and 100 gpa) applied on July 18 and August 6. Cross resistance by aphids to imidacloprid (4A) and sulfoxaflor (4C)? Aphids per Compound Leaf

10 20 30 40 50 60

Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 5 Control

2013 Hickory Shuckworm

Damage assessment made in October 2013

A BC A AB C % Nuts with HSW Infestation

Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 5 Jul 17 Belay 6 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal Sep 3 Danitol 16 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal Sep 12-15 Danitol 16 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Carbaryl 3/4 gal + Closer 2.75 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal Sep 30 Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Venerate 2 gal

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Plan 1 Control

2013 Hickory Shuckworm

% Nuts with HSW Infestation lower 1/3 middle 1/3 upper 1/3 Hickory Shuckworm is more prevalent in the upper canopy of the pecan tree. Pecan Canopy Sample Location

10 20 30 40 50

upper 1/3 middle 1/3 lower 1/3

2013 Pecan Weevil

Nuts collected BEFORE harvest

% Nuts with Pecan Weevil

Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 5 Control

Canopy Sample Location A A A A A

Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 5 Jul 17 Belay 6 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz ProGibb 4% 10 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal Sep 3 Danitol 16 oz + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Apta 27 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal Sep 12-15 Danitol 16 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Carbaryl 3/4 gal + Closer 2.75 oz Grandevo 3 lbs + ProGibb 4% 10 oz Venerate 2 gal Sep 30 Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Venerate 2 gal

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 control Danitol (21.3 oz/A) Danitol (10.7 oz/A) Endigo ZC (5.5

• z/A)

Imidan (2.25 lbs/A)

Insecticide Assay against Brown Stink Bug June 2011

Peaches sprayed in field, 24 h later taken to lab and SB’s placed on fruit in cups. Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 1 day after SB’s added to cup % Dead + Moribund

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Control Danitol Endigo Belay and Karate

% Dead % Moribund % Alive

Brown Stink Bug Assay on Peach

Peaches sprayed in orchard, next day peaches picked and put in a cup with a stink bug. Observations made 24 hours later.

Danitol = 16 oz/A --- Endigo = 5.5 oz/A --- Belay (2.9 oz/A) + Karate (2.3 oz/A)