CODEX-b and the Quest for Longevity Philip Ilten May 13, 2020 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CODEX-b and the Quest for Longevity Philip Ilten May 13, 2020 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CODEX-b and the Quest for Longevity Philip Ilten May 13, 2020 Imperial Seminar Ilten The Quest for Longevity 1 / 50 Introduction Dark Matter t d SM matter dark c s 5% matter g u b 25% H e quarks dark energy W Z

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SLIDE 1

CODEX-b and the Quest for Longevity

Philip Ilten May 13, 2020 Imperial Seminar

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 1 / 50

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SLIDE 2

Introduction

Dark Matter

H g W Z γ νe νμ ντ u c t b s d e μ τ dark energy 70% dark matter 25% SM matter 5% force carriers quarks leptons

1 interacts through gravity 2 does not interact through the electromagnetic or strong forces 3 interacts weakly (or not at all) with itself

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 2 / 50

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SLIDE 3

Introduction

SM or Embedded Theory

H g W Z γ νe νμ ντ u c t b s d e μ τ b s d t c u e μ τ νe νμ ντ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ g ~

2

N ~

3

N ~

4

N ~

1

C ~

2

C ~

1

N ~ h A H

+

  • G

~

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 3 / 50

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SLIDE 4

Introduction

Hidden Sector

axion dark Higgs sterile neutrino dark photon

H g W Z γ νe νμ ντ u c t b s d e μ τ

?

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 4 / 50

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SLIDE 5

Introduction

Widening the Net

arXiv:1707.04591 [hep-ph]

SIMPs / ELDERS

Ultralight Dark Ma5er

Muon g-2 Small-Scale Structure Microlensing

Dark Sector Candidates, Anomalies, and Search Techniques

Hidden Sector Dark Ma5er

Small Experiments: Coherent Field Searches, Direct DetecIon, Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Accelerators

GeV TeV keV eV neV feV zeV MeV aeV peV µeV meV PeV 30M☉

WIMPs QCD Axion

≈

GeV TeV keV eV neV feV zeV MeV aeV peV µeV meV PeV 30M☉

≈

Beryllium-8 Black Holes Hidden Thermal Relics / WIMPless DM Asymmetric DM Freeze-In DM Pre-InflaIonary Axion Post-InflaIonary Axion Ilten The Quest for Longevity 5 / 50

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SLIDE 6

Introduction

It’s Complicated

arXiv:1903.04497 [hep-ex]

displaced leptons, lepton-jets, or lepton pairs displaced multitrack vertices multitrack vertices in the muon spectrometer quasi-stable charged particles trackless, low-EMF jets emerging jets non-pointing (converted) photons disappearing or kinked tracks

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 6 / 50

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SLIDE 7

Introduction

An Example

γ∗ e− e− e− e− ge ge γ∗ A′ g ≡ g′

e

ge

A′ DM DM DM DM g′

e

g′

e 1 broken U(1) gauge symmetry in dark sector 2 allow mixing between dark and SM hypercharge fields

L ⊃ −1 4FµνF µν − 1 4F ′

µνF ′µν + mA′2

2 A′

µA′µ + geJµAµ + εgeJµA′ µ

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 7 / 50

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SLIDE 8

Introduction

Search Strategies

displaced prompt

target shield detector beam detector beam

  • sensitive to long lifetimes
  • EM background free
  • difficult to normalise
  • sensitive to shorter

lifetimes

  • bump hunt on large EM

background

  • normalised from sidebands
  • do both simultaneously for best of both worlds

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 8 / 50

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SLIDE 9

Introduction

Parameter Space

JHEP 06 (2018) 10−2 10−1 100 101

mA′ [GeV]

10−6 10−5 10−4 10−3 10−2

ε

prompt displaced

  • utside detector

50 fs 1500 fs 100000 fs

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 9 / 50

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SLIDE 10

Experimental Landscape

Experimental Landscape

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 10 / 50

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SLIDE 11

Experimental Landscape

LHC Detectors

Cherenkov drift tube pixel silicon strip ECAL HCAL muon

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 11 / 50

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SLIDE 12

Experimental Landscape

Seeing a Signal

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 12 / 50

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SLIDE 13

Experimental Landscape

LHCb Trigger

LHCb, JINST 8 (2013)

detector hardware software disk Run 2 Run 3 5 TB/s O(10) GB/s 0.7 GB/s 50 GB/s 1 TB/s

  • real-time calibration and full event reconstruction in Run 2
  • inclusive dimuon from threshold and jet triggers in Run 2
  • full detector readout in Run 3

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 13 / 50

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SLIDE 14

Experimental Landscape

SHiP

arXiv:1310.1762

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 14 / 50

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SLIDE 15

Experimental Landscape

SHiP

arXiv:1310.1762

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 15 / 50

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SLIDE 16

Experimental Landscape

FASER

arXiv:1811.10243

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 16 / 50

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SLIDE 17

Experimental Landscape

FASER

arXiv:1811.10243

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 17 / 50

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SLIDE 18

Experimental Landscape

MATHSULA

arXiv:1606.06298

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 18 / 50

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SLIDE 19

Experimental Landscape

AL3X

arXiv:1810.03636

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 19 / 50

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SLIDE 20

CODEX-b

CODEX-b

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 20 / 50

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SLIDE 21

CODEX-b

Expression of Interest

arXiv:1911.00481 [hep-ex]

  • A Compact Detector for Exotics at LHCb
  • letter of interest released last November, arXiv:1911.00481 [hep-ex]
  • letter of intent submitted
  • collaboration growing: 28 contributors and 16 institutes

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 21 / 50

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SLIDE 22

CODEX-b

CODEX-b in a Nutshell

x

ϕ

SM SM

CODEX-b box UXA shield shield veto IP8 Pb shield DELPHI

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 22 / 50

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SLIDE 23

CODEX-b

Zooming In

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 23 / 50

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SLIDE 24

CODEX-b

A Picture is Worth . . .

cτ mLLP

← lighter (. 10 MeV) heavier (& 10 GeV) → ← near ∼m far→

Forward

(FASER, SHiP, NA62, . . . )

Transverse

(CODEX-b, MATHUSLA, AL3X, . . . )

LHC coverage

(ATLAS, CMS, LHCb)

SCHEMATIC

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 24 / 50

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SLIDE 25

CODEX-b

A Picture is Worth . . .

√ˆ s mLLP

← lighter (. 10 MeV) heavier (& 10 GeV) → ← lighter ∼ cc, bb, ττ h, t heavier →

LHC coverage

(ATLAS, CMS, LHCb)

Forward

(FASER, SHiP, NA62, . . . )

Transverse

(CODEX-b, MATHUSLA, AL3X, . . . )

SCHEMATIC

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 25 / 50

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SLIDE 26

CODEX-b

Why CODEX-b?

1 we need a transverse detector at the LHC 2 probes a wide range of LLP models; complementary or

competitive with existing/proposed detectors

3 accessible zero background location with necessary services,

DELPHI/UXA cavern

4 integration with LHCb trigger-less readout 5 compact size and modest cost with ability to extend

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 26 / 50

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SLIDE 27

CODEX-b

Timing is Key (pre COVID-19)

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

LS 2 Run 3 LS 3 CODEX-β Production Install data taking Removal CODEX-b Production

Partial Install 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033

Run 4 LS 4 Run 5 CODEX-b Production data taking

Remaining Install

data taking

  • significant progress has been made
  • priority is finalising CODEX-β design and plans
  • Birmingham working on technical drawings
  • more detailed design informed from CODEX-β

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 27 / 50

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SLIDE 28

Minimal Models

Minimal Models

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 28 / 50

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SLIDE 29

Minimal Models

Model Overview

Vector (A′) hA′A′ F ′F F ′F yes no reach Scalar (S) SH†H S2H†H SH†H yes yes HNL (N) HLN HLN yes ALP (a) ∂µa¯ qγµγ5q a ˜ GG a ˜ FF a(W ˜ W −B ˜ B) yes yes pending pending Production portal Decay portal UV operator

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 29 / 50

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SLIDE 30

Minimal Models

Dark Photon

  • no sensitivity to inclusive production from EM currents
  • sensitive to production from H → A′A′ decays

10−5 10−4 10−3 10−2 10−1 10−1 101 103 Br[ℎ → 𝐵′𝐵′] 𝑑𝜐 [m] 𝑛𝐵′ = 0.5 GeV

ATLAS 2DV CODEX-b AL3X (100 fb−1) MATHUSLA(200)

10−1 101 103 105 𝑑𝜐 [m] 𝑛𝐵′ = 10 GeV

ATLAS 1DV ATLAS 2DV CODEX-b Ilten The Quest for Longevity 30 / 50

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SLIDE 31

Minimal Models

Higgs Portal

λ = 0 λ = 1.6 × 10−3

0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0

mS (GeV)

10−14 10−12 10−10 10−8 10−6

sin2 θ

10 fb−1 CODEX-b 300 fb−1 NA62 SHiP MATHUSLA FASER 2 CHARM LHCb, 3 fb−1 LHCb, 300 fb−1 AL3X 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0

mS (GeV)

10−14 10−12 10−10 10−8 10−6

sin2 θ

CODEX-b 300 fb−1 10 fb−1 NA62 CHARM LHCb, 3 fb−1 LHCb, 300 fb−1 FASER2 SHiP MATHUSLA AL3X b W − S t s V ∗

tb

mt Vts

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b W − h∗ t s S S V ∗

tb

mt Vts

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h S S

<latexit sha1_base64="w6eR0vPC6lEtaqv5FjPCS63I2dA=">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</latexit>

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 31 / 50

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SLIDE 32

Minimal Models

Fermion Coupled ALPs

CODEX-b, 300/fb LHCb, B→Kμμ LHCb, B→K*μμ CHARM REDTop, 1017 pot E949 FASER2, 3/ab KLEVER, 5·1019pot MATHUSLA200, 3/ab w/ ϵfloor=10-5

0.05 0.10 0.50 1 5 10 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 mA[GeV] cf gY ALP w/ universal fermion couplings, Λ=1TeV

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 32 / 50

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Minimal Models

Gluon Coupled ALPs

CODEX-b, 300/fb CHARM

  • Excl. 1811.03474

FASER2, 3/ab REDTop, 1017pot CODEX-b w/calo MATHUSLA200, 3/ab, ϵfloor=10-5

0.05 0.10 0.50 1 5 10 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 mA[GeV] cG 1/fPBC [GeV-1] ALP w/ gluon couplings, Λ=1TeV

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 33 / 50

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SLIDE 34

Minimal Models

Heavy Neutral Leptons

10−10 10−8 10−6 10−4 10−2 0.2 1 10 |𝑉𝑓𝑂|2 𝑛𝑂 [GeV] NA62 DUNE SHiP MATHUSLA(200) FASER2 CODEX-b 10−10 10−8 10−6 10−4 10−2 0.2 1 10 |𝑉𝜈𝑂|2 𝑛𝑂 [GeV] NA62 DUNE SHiP MATHUSLA(200) FASER2 CODEX-b 10−10 10−8 10−6 10−4 10−2 0.2 1 10 |𝑉𝜐𝑂|2 𝑛𝑂 [GeV] NA62 B factory SHiP MATHUSLA(200) FASER2 CODEX-b

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 34 / 50

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SLIDE 35

Complete Models

Complete Models

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 35 / 50

slide-36
SLIDE 36

Complete Models

R-parity Violating Supersymmetry

  • study from Dercks, Vries, Dreiner, and Wang in PRD 99 055039

(2019) benchmark coupling production decay products 1 λ′

122, λ′ 112

D±

s → ˜

χ0

1 + e±

η, η′, φ, K0,± + νe, e∓ 4 λ′

131, λ′ 121

B0,± → ˜ χ0

1 + X0,±

D±, D∗± + e∓

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 36 / 50

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SLIDE 37

Complete Models

R-parity Violating Supersymmetry

  • study from Helo, Hirsch, and Wang in JHEP 07 056 (2018)

2 5 10 20 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 50 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 mχ1

0 [GeV]

cτ [m] Br(Z→2χ1

0)=10-5 MATHUSLA CODEX-b FASERR

2 5 10 20 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 50 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 mχ1

0 [GeV]

cτ [m] Br(Z→2χ1

0)=10-3 MATHUSLA CODEX-b FASERR

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 37 / 50

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SLIDE 38

Complete Models

Neutral Naturalness

  • consider fraternal twin Higgs model and search for glueball

5 10 15 20 25 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 m0 (GeV) mT (GeV)

CODEX-b MATHUSLA ATLAS 1DV ATLAS 2DV

LHCb substruct. h→invisible

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 38 / 50

slide-39
SLIDE 39

Complete Models

Dark Matter Models

  • a number of models considered including inelastic, co-scattering,

co-annihilation, etc.

10 5 40 20 10-4 10-3 10-2 mχ1(GeV) Sin θ mZD = 0.6 mχ1 ϵ = 10-3 α = 1 α = 4π

C O D E X

  • b

( α = 4 π ) C O D E X

  • b

( α = 1 ) MATHUSLA (α=4π) MATHUSLA (α=1)

Coannihilation (α=1) Coannihilation (α=4π)

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 39 / 50

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SLIDE 40

Building CODEX-b

Building CODEX-b

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 40 / 50

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SLIDE 41

Building CODEX-b

Backgrounds

  • 1014 neutrons and K0

L per 300 fb−1

  • this requires 32λ of shielding
  • 7λ from UXA wall, 25λ from lead shield
  • expect ≈ 109 muons per 300 fb−1 which can produce secondaries
  • 103 K0

L per 300 fb−1 pass through the shield

  • need active layer in shield for vetoing
  • update of previous studies with detailed Geant4 study

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 41 / 50

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Building CODEX-b

Shielding

L

p r e

  • v

e t

  • L

p

  • s

t

  • v

e t

  • ‘

d

  • w

n s t r e a m ’ s t

  • p

p e d

  • p

a r e n t s e c

  • n

d a r y r e j e c t e d b y s h i e l d v e t

  • µ

K0, n, . . . µ K0, n, . . .

‘upstream’ stopped-parent secondary suppressed by passive shield

CODEX-b UXA wall shield veto IP8 Pb shield

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 42 / 50

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Building CODEX-b

Background Simulation

1 10−2 102 104 19 21 23 25 27 BG Flux/300 fb−1 𝑀shield [𝜇Pb]

Type; 𝜁veto

𝑜; 10−2 𝑜; 10−3 𝑜; 10−4 𝑜; 10−5

15 + 4 15 + 5 15 + 6 17 + 4 17 + 5 17 + 6 19 + 4 19 + 5 19 + 6 20 + 4 20 + 5 20 + 6

𝐿0

𝑀; 10−2

𝐿0

𝑀; 10−3

𝐿0

𝑀; 10−4

𝐿0

𝑀; 10−5

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 43 / 50

slide-44
SLIDE 44

Building CODEX-b

Background Measurement

0º (1) to beam line 0º (2) and 90º (3) to beam line 0º (4) to beam line 0º (5) and 45º (6) to beam line Beam line

1 2,3 4 5,6

D3 platform

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 44 / 50

slide-45
SLIDE 45

Building CODEX-b

Background Measurement

  • 0.2 Hz hit rate at point 2 indicates Geant4 prediction of 10 Hz is

conservative

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 45 / 50

slide-46
SLIDE 46

Building CODEX-b

CODEX-β

  • 2 × 2 × 2 m3 with central layer, each layer with triplet of RPCs
  • each layer made of 2 × 1 m2 RPC block, 42 such layers
  • expected hardware cost of 150k EUR

1 Demonstrate the ability to detect and reconstruct charged particles

which penetrate into the DELPHI cavern as well as the decay products of neutral particles decaying within the DELPHI cavern.

2 Detect and reconstruct a reasonable rate of neutral particles

decaying inside the hermetic detector volume.

3 Show that CODEX-b can be integrated into the LHCb DAQ and

demonstrate an ability to give a trigger to LHCb to retain an event that looks interesting in CODEX-b.

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 46 / 50

slide-47
SLIDE 47

Building CODEX-b

Triplet Support

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 47 / 50

slide-48
SLIDE 48

Building CODEX-b

Outside Support

1951 mm 1892 mm Ilten The Quest for Longevity 48 / 50

slide-49
SLIDE 49

Outlook

Outlook

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 49 / 50

slide-50
SLIDE 50

Outlook

Some Thoughts

  • forward/beam-dump experiments give us light LLPs with

medium/long lifetimes and low √ ˆ s

  • LHC detectors give us heavy LLPs with long lifetimes
  • transverse detectors give us light LLPs with long lifetimes and high
  • we need a transverse detector at LHC
  • CODEX-b covers does not have world-leading reach . . .
  • covers significant portions of parameter space
  • low cost in comparison to other proposals
  • clear plan forward for building CODEX-b
  • first steps taken, CODEX-β plans underway

Looking for new collaborators!

Ilten The Quest for Longevity 50 / 50