CLIMATE SMART LAND USE Obstacles and opportunities for mitigation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CLIMATE SMART LAND USE Obstacles and opportunities for mitigation and adaptation

Saskia Visser, Alterra, Wageningen UR; Climate KIC meeting, Utrecht, June, 2015

Outline

• Trends and challenges
• Emissions from agriculture, their origin
• Variance of productivity and emissions in EU; opportunity for

efficiency gains?

• Climate change; challenges and opportunities
• Mitigation efforts and adaptation opportunities; some

examples

• The Climate Kic solution: The CSA Booster

Trends (selected) .....

• Agriculture to meet twin challenge of feeding more people with

higher demand for meat and high-calorie diets and simultaneously minimize its global environmental impacts

• Search for higher contribution from biomass to

renewable energy with low ecosystem impact

• More and more critical attitudes among consumers
• Shifts in agro-ecosystems induced by climate

change

Need for changes in agriculture and

• ur food system

Challenges; towards Climate Smart Land Use

• Define and implement action before problems have started to occur or surface
• need for strong storytelling and valid(ated) projections
• Promote and finance actions on emission reduction schemes with economic

benefit and competitive advantages and refrain from legislative actions - sticks and carrots discussion

• Food is both a local and global production platform. When is local better and

how do we recognize that?

• Know what we eat: How much do we buy and eat? And waste and recycle?

What do we buy and eat? Are we aware of the impact?

Sources of GHG from agriculture

Emissions per product: major differences!

Plant food Animal food

Lesschen et al., 2013

On variability: comparison of pilot farms in 10 EU countries – no single solution/golden bullet

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000

Milk production in kg/ha Milk production in kg/cow

Annual milk production in 2011 per cow and ha

BF B W FB FL FN GE IN IR

Dairyman project 2009-2013

10 EU MSs & Pilot farms - GHG emissions

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 BF BW FB FL FN GE NI IR LU NL

Total GHG per ton milk (kg CO2-eq) Total GHG per ha (kg CO2-eq)

Total GHG per ha Total GHG per ton milk

Dairyman project 2009-2013

Climate Challenges and opportunities

Climate change prospects

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Source: Climate change projections for Europe based on an ensemble of regional climate model simulations provided by the EURO-CORDEX initiative

Climate change (will) affect(s) livestock sector

• IPCC AR5:

“High temperature and air humidity during breeding increased cattle mortality risk by 60% in Italy (Crescio et al., 2010)”. “Climate change may adversely affect dairy production in Southern Europe because of heat stress in lactating cows [medium confidence] [23.4.2]’.

Mean relative changes in water-limited crop yield simulated by the ClimateCrop model for the 2050s compared with 1961–1990 for 12 different climate models projections under the A1B emission scenario

Water availability for irrigation

Mitigation (and adaptation options)

Land use and change: adaptation & mitigation

RIVM: GJ vd Born et al. 2003

GHG balance in peat meadow area

UNEP study “Drawing down N2O”

Oenema O et al. (2014) Reducing Nitrous Oxide Emissions from the Global Food System (Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability)

Review possible strategies for less GHG

• Food chain analysis
• Scenario analysis: using the top-down approach model of

Eric Davidson (lead author of Chapter 3 of the UNEP study)

5R-strategy to increase resource use efficiency

Incentives & technologies for

• 1. Reduce losses, from the whole food chain
• 2. Reuse and recycle nutrient elements
• 3. Reduce and replace inputs, where possible
• 4. Recovery and recycle elements from wastes
• 5. Redefining systems, where needed

Sutton et al., 2013

Mitigation strategies work: N2O emissions in 2030

and 2050 from 5 coherent packages of measures

Scenario 2030 2050 Business as usual (BAU) 6.4 7.5

• 1. Improved Crop production

5.7 6.3

• 2. (1) + Improved animal production

5.4 5.6

• 3. (1,2) + Improved manure mngmt

5.0 4.8

• 4. (1,2,3) + Improved food utilization

4.6 4.1

• 5. (1,2,3,4) + Less animal protein

4.1 3.3

Oenema O et al. (2014) Reducing Nitrous Oxide Emissions from the Global Food System (submitted to Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability)

Italy

0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 CC ZT RT RM1 RM2 FA FT RS AL AF GG Mitigation potential (% of SOC stock)

Poland

0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 CC ZT RT RM1 RM2 FA FT RS AL AF GG Mitigation potential (% of SOC stock)

Spain

0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 CC ZT RT RM1 RM2 FA FT RS AL AF GG Mitigation potential (% of SOC stock)

Scotland

• 0.010

0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 CC ZT RT RM1 RM2 FA FT RS AL AF GG Mitigation potential (% of SOC stock)

Denmark

0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 CC ZT RT RM1 RM2 FA FT RS AL AF GG Mitigation potential (% of SOC stock)

Bulgaria

0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 CC ZT RT RM1 RM2 FA FT RS AL AF GG Mitigation potential (% of SOC stock)

PICCMAT: strong EU regional differences

Climate change and adaptation

• Impact depends on

vulnerability of nature and agricultural (soil and water) systems

• Technological

solutions (soilless food, less fossil energy, biobased and bioenergy) are not always acceptable to the public

Barriers for adoption of CSA Solutions?

Climate-Smart Agriculture Booster

A European business solution to climate change

CSA Booster Team - March 2015

What does CSA Booster do?

• Connecting providers and

users of CSA solutions to European networks and value chains

• Providing science-based

quality stamps and certification

• Focus on dairy/meat and

horticultural fruit sectors

• Starting in the Netherlands,

France, UK, Switzerland and Italy

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For whom?

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Food industries : secure supply of agricultural products; reducing their climate impact on the food value chain Farmer associations and agri-cooperatives interested to learn from experiences in other European countries Technology and service providers: finding customers and investors in Europe; demonstration proof Policy makers: stakeholder input for policy design, policy assessment

Our Service Modules

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• European wide Solution Broker for unique portfolio of innovative CSA

solutions.

• 1. CSA Solution Hub
• Quantification and verification of the impact of CSA solutions
• 2. CSA Impact Assessment and Labelling
• Aids policymakers to implement Rural Development Plans in context of

CAP and provide advice to solution providers and users.

• 3. CSA Policy Hub
• Supports solution developers to develop business models, provides access

to CSA Partner Network and investors.

• 4. CSA Business Developer and Market Connection Hub
• Provides education, support and training to farmers/end-users and enables

feedback to solution providers.

• 5. CSA Education, Training & Co-creation Forum
• Seeks alternative supply chain designs to increase climate benefits both

upstream and downstream.

• 6. CSA Supply Chain & Circular Economy Developer

Where to find the CSA Booster?

www.csabooster.eu

Video: http://www.csabooster.eu/csa-booster-video

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Interested???

What is your CSA SOLUTION?? Join the CSA Booster Network!

Broad Science Conclusions

• Climate change calls for a productive, resilient agricultural

sector with minimal GHG emissions

• Regional variance may offer great opportunity for efficiency

gains

• Region specific solutions work
• Mitigation efforts strategy preferred over individual measures
• Innovative technological solutions are available, yet only partly

used

• Investments needed in education, training, demonstration and

development of site- and region specific technologies