Climate-resilient Farming Practices at Shyamnagar, Satkhira - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Climate-resilient Farming Practices at Shyamnagar, Satkhira

Gobeshona Monthly Seminar 10 April 2017

Center for Natural Resource Studies (CNRS)

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Shyamnagar – at a glance

Administrative Units: Consists of 12 unions Located: under Satkhira District; next to Sundarbans

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Context of Shyamnagar

• A. Land use changes:

Part of SRF > Farm land > Gher dominated farm land > ??

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 Shyamnagar might have looked like this some 100-150 yrs ago  People from near by locality might have come here for livelihood

Context of Shyamnagar

• A. Land use changes:

Mangrove forest > Farm land > Gher dominated farm land > ??

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 Might have looked like any

• ther coastal villages, and

lasted for several generations

Context of Shyamnagar

• A. Land use changes:

Mangrove forest > Farm land > Gher dominated farm land > ??

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 Started switching to gher following tidal surges in 1988 & ’92  Rushed for “White Gold”  Small farmers were forced to hand over their land to gher

• wners

 Altered the homestead shape and total landscape  Reduced livestock by 98%  Disrupted backward and forward linkages of agriculture  Withdrawn labour force either migrated or became more dependent on Sundarbans

Context of Shyamnagar

• A. Land use changes:

Mangrove forest > Farm land > Gher dominated farm land > ??

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 Gher farming experienced “White Spot Disease” in the late ‘90s  Severely affected by Sidr (2007) & Aila (2009)  Channeling tidal water became restricted  Union like Padmapukur turned down as “neither gher nor farm”  Some villages started to bring back agriculture

CNRS at Shyamnagor

Study (2010-12) CBA- GEF/UNDP (adaptive research with BARI & DAE 2011-13) MFF- IUCN (Mangrove afforestation 2013-15) CREL- USAID (extension and backward-forward linkage 2013-17)

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Context of agricultural practices at Shyamnagar

Crop cultivation knowledge transfer (father to son) has done away with some 25 years ago at some union Soil degradation due to salinity intrusion Organic fertilizers are scares Cropping pattern: Aman-gher-fallow OR only gher farming OR turned into barren Struggling with amon is common, vegetable cultivation was rare, and boro rice was not in practice NGO & MFIs’ activities are very limited or absent

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CBA: Trial of saline tolerant rice varieties & technologies

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Varieties:– 2011 – amon [9 varieties in 9 plots (65dec)] 2012 – aus [3 varieties in 6 plots (204dec)] amon [5 varieties in 17 plots (533dec)] boro [2 varieties in 6 plots (75dec)] Technologies:– 1) common seedling transplant method 2) direct seed sowing method 3) direct seed broadcasting method

CBA: Trial of saline tolerant rice variety

Trial with common seedling transplant method:

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Varieties Duration (days) Number

• f plot

Production t/ha Seedling age Seed to Seed BRRI dhan- 54 11 to 45 107 to 132 4 5.6 BRRI dhan- 53 11 to 45 115 to 147 13 4.7 BRRI dhan- 49 14 to 29 109 to 134 10 3.9 BRRI dhan- 46 11 to 29 109 to 129 8 5.4 BRRI dhan- 41* 11 to 29 107 to 117 3 5.8 BRRI dhan- 40 11 to 29 118 to 131 4 3.3 BR - 23 11 to 43 118 to 159 7 4.4 BR - 11 14 to 34 113 to 134 14 4.9 Chinikani 14 to 34 112 to 122 4 3.6 * better yield and shorter duration

CBA: Trial of saline tolerant rice variety

Trail with direct seed sowing method:

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* better yield and shorter duration Varieties Plantation type

Duration (days)

Production t/ha Seedling age (days) Seed to seed (days) BRRI dhan- 54 Direct seed sowing 97 5.33 BRRI dhan- 53* Direct seed sowing 107 5.85 BR - 23 Direct seed sowing 115 5.1

CBA: Trial of saline tolerant rice variety

Trail with direct seed broadcasting method:

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* better yield and shorter duration Varieties Plantation type Duration (days) Production t/ha seedling age Seed to seed BRRI dhan- 54 broadcasting 97 5.30 BRRI dhan- 53 broadcasting 107 5.27 BRRI dhan- 46 broadcasting 107 5.7 BRRI dhan- 40 broadcasting 115 5.74 BR - 23 broadcasting 115 5.02

CBA: Trial of saline tolerant rice variety Lessons Learnt:

1.Short duration (some 100days) and saline tolerant amon rice varieties (i.e. BRRI 41, 46 & 54) could address the problem (i.e. inundation, seedling damage) (production - about 5 t/ha); 2.If aman seedlings are damaged by erratic rainfall, to rehabilitate, farmers could grow BRRI 54 or 46 either by direct sowing or broadcasting method; 3.Seedling raising at poly tunnel could avoid seedling damage;

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CBA: Trial of saline tolerant rice variety Lessons Learnt:

• 4. Boro rice cultivation even possible if saline tolerant varieties

(i.e. BRRI 47, 61, 67, BINA 8, 10) are selected, and could be managed salinity effect by washing out the plot bed with relatively less saline water; 5.To adjust in crop calendar, aus could be planted in chili field as a relay crop

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Trial of saline tolerant rice variety

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Court-yard meeting Non-formal training Distribution of inputs Distribution of inputs

Trial of saline tolerant rice variety

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Neither animal nor mechanical tiller exists CNRS personnel demonstrating direct sowing method CNRS personnel demonstrating transplanting method Assistance from local DAE personnel

Trial of saline tolerant rice variety

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Seedling damage due to erratic rainfall Wild life started coming back Rice seedling under poly tunnel Routine salinity monitoring

Trial of saline tolerant rice variety: a success story of Mohashek, Gabura

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Introducing boro in gher Farmers’ Field Day at a successful boro plot Sharing experience with media Washing the bed of a boro plot

Trial of saline tolerant rice variety

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Somoy TV: aired on 17-Dec-2012 Boishakhi TV:

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MFF: Canal & pond re-excavation to facilitate fresh water availability for household uses & agriculture

CBA: Trial of alternative crops at the degraded farmlands

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Adaptive trial:

• 1. Wheat (BARI Gam 25) was tested in 22 plots (726 dec)
• 2. Sunflower (BARI Surjamukhi 2) was tested in 18 plots (90 dec)
• 3. Kaon (BARI Kaon 1 & 2) were tested in 10 plots (50 dec)
• 4. Garden pea (BARI Motorshuti 1) was tested in 25 plots (125 dec)
• 5. French bean (BARI Jarsim 1) was tested in 15 plots (75 dec)
• 6. Sweet gourd (BARI Mistikumra 1) was tested in 45 plots (225 dec)

Lessons Learnt:

Wheat and sunflower showed very promising as an alternative crop for the degraded farmlands at the coastal areas.

CBA: Trial of alternative crops at the degraded farmlands

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Introducing French bean Introducing maize & sunflower Introducing wheat

CBA: Trail of minimizing soil salinity affect on vegetable

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Adaptive trial: Different types of vegetables (i.e. cucumber, radish, red amaranth, stem amaranth, spinach, tomato, bottle gourd, brinal, etc.) were tested in 605 plots (1245 dec) Lessons Learnt: Salinity affect can be minimized by managing soil- moisture.

CBA: Trail of minimizing soil salinity affect on vegetable

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CREL: Trail of kitchen gardening with alternative innovative techniques

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CBA: Trail of crop intensification at farmlands

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Adaptive trial: Crop intensification trials were conducted in 94 plots (1180 dec) Lessons Learnt: Careful selection of the crops and appropriate culture practice can facilitate crop intensification

CBA: Trail of crop intensification at farmlands

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CBA: Demonstration mangrove afforestation

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Why: To protect the infrastructure, land resources, homestead, livelihood. Where: Seeds of kewra, goran, bain and kakra have been sow along the embankment (about 1 km) at East Kalinagar village at Munshiganj How: goal > keora > soila > bain > hetal > ghewa Lessons Learnt: Involvement of UP would be better for the sustainability of plantation

CBA: Demonstration Plantation of mangrove plants

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Transformed into this from 2011 to ‘16

Considerations

• Resilience can be attained through

adaptation and/or mitigation

• Understanding ‘context’ is the key element

for adaptation and mitigation

• Resilience relies on ‘ecosystem-based

development’

CNRS 30

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Thank You