CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND MIGRATION CLIMATE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND MIGRATION CLIMATE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 13, 2024 434 likes •667 views

VI N NGHIN C U BI N I KH H U I H C C N TH DRAGON Institute Mekong - CTU INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION 2011 THE FUTURE OF MIGRATION: BUILDING CAPACITIES FOR CHANGE INTERSESSIONAL

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SLIDE 1

LE ANH TUAN

Research Institute for Climate Change – CanTho University E-mail: latuan@ctu.edu.vn

VIỆN NGHIÊN CỨU BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU – ĐẠI HỌC CẦN THƠ – DRAGON Institute – Mekong - CTU

CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND MIGRATION CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND MIGRATION IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA, VIETNAM IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA, VIETNAM Capacities for comprehensive responses: Capacities for comprehensive responses: From emergency assistance to sustainable development From emergency assistance to sustainable development

INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION 2011 THE FUTURE OF MIGRATION: BUILDING CAPACITIES FOR CHANGE

INTERSESSIONAL WORKSHOP ON

CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND MIGRATION

Geneva, 29 - 30 March 2011

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SLIDE 2
  • 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE MEKONG DELTA
  • 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE MEKONG DELTA

The Mekong River Delta (MD), the most downstream part of the Mekong river, has 4 million ha in size (36,000 km2) and hosts about 18,6 million inhabitants (2010), counted 22% of Vietnamese population. The delta supplies more than 50% of the nation’s rice and crop food, 65% of the total fish production, and 70% of tree fruits for domestic and export..

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SLIDE 3

A A

  • 1.00
  • 2.00
  • 15 - 20 m

Border VN-CPC 1.00 Tien River East Sea Tiền Giang Cần Thơ 7o Not to scale Bac Liêu 3.00 2.00 0.00 Đồng Tháp

  • 12 - 15 m

A - A

Hau River Cửu Long

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SLIDE 4

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has identifed the Mekong Delta in Vietnam as one of three hardest-hit delta regions by climate change worldwide (IPCC 4th Assessment Report, 2007).

  • 2. CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE MEKONG DELTA
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SLIDE 5

The Mekong Delta is the most vulnerable area where all the the entire population living within of under a 10 m low elevation coastal zone (LECZ).

Sea level rise (m) Land lost (%)

  • Pop. displaced

(%)

# 1.0 # 25 # 20 (3.5 mil.) # 2.0 # 50 # 75 (14 mil. )

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SLIDE 6

Average min. temperature Average max. temperature

  • 2. CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE MEKONG DELTA
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SLIDE 7

Annual precipitation Number of hot days

  • 2. CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE MEKONG DELTA
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SLIDE 8

Change in annual precipitation Flood boundary

  • 2. CLIMATE CHANGE IN

THE MEKONG DELTA

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SLIDE 9

Climate trends Trends Dry duration prolonged

  • Wet duration shorted
  • Annual mean temperature
  • Heat waves
  • Precipitation in critical season
  • Abnormal rainfall in wet season
  • Upstream floods
  • Sedimentation
  • River bank erosion
  • Drought
  • Abnormal strong wind (Whirlwind)
  • 2. CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE MEKONG DELTA
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SLIDE 10

Low upstream flow leads the salinity intrusion to coastal areas more serious 2005 2010

CẦN THƠ

≥ 70 km

  • 3. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
  • 3. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
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SLIDE 11

The change of river flows and sea level rise lead the riverbanks and coastal lines in serious erosion.

  • 3. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
  • 3. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
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SLIDE 12

Higher temperature and lower rainfall are main reasons leading forest fire in the Mekong Delta. Tropical forest area reduction made the environmental degradation more serious.

  • 3. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
  • 3. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
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SLIDE 13

The rapid population growth and near-river-living habits cause water environmental damage.

  • 3. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
  • 3. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
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SLIDE 14

14

Effects of Dams in Upstream to Lower MD

Dam construction will displace thousands and alter flood cycles and sediment levels downstream where millions people fish and farm

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SLIDE 15

CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEA LEVEL RISE UPSTREAM DAMS MEKONG DELTA WATER RESOURCES EFFECTS TRANSBOUNDARY WATER ISSUES INDUSTRIAL GROWTH DEFORESTATION WATER TRANSFER POVERTY AND UNSTABLE INCREASES WATER QUALITY WATER QUANTITY WATER DYNAMICS NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY THREATS AGRICULTURAL LAND AND PRODUCT REDUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL RESOURCES DEGRADATION DIRECT/ INDIRECT

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Vietnam’s Migratory Patterns:

  • Highlands to Lowlands
  • Northern to Southern regions
  • Rural to Urban areas

(Source: Oxfam Hong Kong, 2009)

  • 4. MIGRATION
  • 4. MIGRATION
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SLIDE 17

Remote rural regions Low lying coastal areas Semi-arid lands Bigger cities Other countries Vietnam annual population increasing:

  • Normal growth: 0.8 – 1.0 % (whole country)
  • Mechanical growth: 2.4% (cities) and 3-4 % (big cities)

(Uncontrolled migration) Peri- Urban

  • 4. MIGRATION
  • 4. MIGRATION
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SLIDE 18

Climate change Climate change – – Environmental degradation Environmental degradation -

  • Migration

Migration

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SLIDE 19
  • Migration survey
  • Capacity building
  • Policy consideration
  • Disaster preparedness
  • Environmental improvement
  • National budget distribution
  • Rural development
  • Labor market intervention
  • Migration spatial planning

to climate change adaptation

Time Level

  • 5. COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE
  • 5. COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE
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5A

ANALYSIS

(Phân tích)

AWARENESS

(Nhận thức)

ADVOCACY

(Vận động)

ACTION

(Hành động)

ADAPTATION

(Thích nghi)

5A approach

(Tuan, 2009)

  • 5. COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE
  • 5. COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE
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SLIDE 21

Thanks for your attention Thanks for your attention