CLEAN AND EFFICIENT HEATING EXPERIENCE IN MONGOLIA April 19.2017 Dear ladies and gentlemen. It is my pleasure to share our stove dissemination experiences with you. My name is Bayartogtokh, Coordinator of Ulaanbaatar Clean Air project financed by World Bank. I`m going to present a brief summary of outputs and lessons learned by the project. 1
COUNTRY OF BLUE SKY First, I would like to present a short video about our country and its capital city, Ulaanbaatar. By the way, I must apologize for outdated statistics in the video which was produced in 2014. However, the general picture in it is still valid. Please take a look. 2
UBCAP was designed to reduce air pollution in three ways: • first through short‐term measures, by giving ger area residents access to clean stoves at subsidized prices, • second by preparing for medium term interventions, such as several feasibility studies for medium‐term air pollution abatement and policy measures, and • third a continuous effort through lots of PR and awareness raising. In my presentation I will focus on the first component only, the stove dissemination progam 3
Under the stove dissemination component of the project, we implemented the following activities. 4
The project was designed as a gap filling measure, to maintain momentum from what other organizations had started, under coordination from the World Bank. The stove switching program was implemented from 2013 to 2015 and we reached our goal of disseminating clean stoves to more than 90% of all ger area households. 5
As a result of the program, we switched forty thousand traditional stoves by improved models emitting less than 95% of the PM2.5 Although the program offered ger area residents 7 improved models, including 2 local and 5 imported stoves, most households selected an imported model. According to the program experience, the population prefers fuel savings, fast cooking, nice looking designs, and quickly heating up of the house. Complete combustion is a result of a combination of stoves, type of fuel, fuel and proper ignition techniques. Therefore, the public awareness program was a crucial part of the program to introduce top lit updraft (TLUD) firing, which is completely different from the traditional bottom lit updraft one. As this was a behavior change, users needed some time to adopt this completely. 6
People generally had a limited understanding about clean stoves: how to distinguish it from a traditional stove? what are the benefits? What is the performance? This also raised the question about the testing method, how and who to do the testing?. More importantly, what is the scientific base for the testing? As part of the project, a Stove emission and efficiency testing (SEET) laboratory was set up and supported with additional equipment. The laboratory and the testing method have been validated by an external certification agency, SGS. The laboratory is owned and operated by the Mongolian University for Science and Technology as a separate unit. It was supported with Technical Assistance from UBCAP and currently has 2 testing benches: one for stoves and another for low pressure boilers. 7
N1 SEET lab has now also its own testing protocol and was certified by the National Agency for Standardization and Metrology in 2016. SEET lab staff intends to gain more experience by exchanging information with similar laboratories around the world, and welcomes the fact that there are four of such laboratories represented today in this room, hoping that this can be a good start of collaboration between the laboratories. 8
Slide 8 N1 Hope, manager will put detail information about testing procedure. Nyamaa, 07-Apr-17
This slide shows an example of test results. 9
SEET lab carried out more than 600 tests, on 65 different stove models of imported and locally produced stoves. It also tested the performance of stoves with 35 different fuels. 10
Local stove producers lack capacity to design and produce well performing stoves. The Stove Development center was established under UBCAP in 2015, and is fully equipped with modern equipment and tools for stove manufacturing. It is a scientific education center where the local producers get assistance to develop their stove models and can get involved in capacity building programs. The stove development center is now visited often, and producers have requested assistance to start locally producing clean stoves. 11
The center provides following services. 12
Stove development center organizes training and knowledge sharing events among local producers. It allows producers to compare local and imported stoves to learn advanced technology in different countries. 13
Technology development such as new products and manufacturing technologies, including ceramics and cast iron. 14
The most interesting part is developing improved stove and boiler designs. Presently, the Stove development center has produced 2 eligible stove designs, seen on the next slides, and one larger boiler design. 15
The SDC plays an important role in improving the tested models so that they meet the standard and technical requirements. Based on the result of tests, SDC provides professional advice and training how to fix the weak performance of stove models. 16
To be honest, project implementation process was not easy and there are still challenges testing our persistence and resilience. 17
First and foremost, the unstable political environment had a critical impact on our shared goal. A high turnover of government institutions and personnel led several times to breaks of continuity of concerted efforts. Ad hoc ideas were often more supported than established programs to systematically reduce air pollution. As an example, clean fuels were promoted several times, leading to large investments, but without any proof of results. Another example is the Clean Air Foundation (CAF), which was the main financing instrument from the Government: ‐established 2011, by the President of Mongolia to attack the air pollution emergency ‐transferred it 2013 to Prime Ministers’ cabinet ‐re‐structured in 2015 to become a Department in the Ministry of Environment ‐Abolished in 2016 as the urgency for reducing air pollution was no longer visible ‐in 2017, discussion about re‐establishment, as air pollution is increasing again For air pollution control to be effective, the core policy should consistently embrace all potential solutions based on their scientific merits, and promote a comprehensive strategy. 18
Another large challenge is the economical factor. The weak economy, lack of accountability and improper utilization of funds caused reduced budgets for air pollution reduction. For example, despite donor’s contribution in excess of 30m USD, a similar amount was allocated by the government in 2013 for air pollution reduction activities. In 2016 it was only one‐sixth of this, and the UBCAP is the only instrument available for reducing air pollution. 19
Mongolian’s cold climate makes clean stoves expensive, as they need to perform well at all times and at the same time do not emit pollution. Traditional stoves only cost around 60 USD and emit lots of pollution, imported clean stoves cost between 200‐350 USD making it hard to afford for poor UB households. This price difference, combined with the air pollution emergency, made the use of a high subsidy needed. 20
Lets talk about manufacturing capacity. 21
Since 2010, with financial support from donors, the Mongolian artisans tried to do clean stoves. Example. In 2012, when UBCAP was launched, only one local stove was eligible for project and passed the SEET lab testing. But this number was increased up to 6 by 2017. 22
In 2012 there was only one locally produced clean stove model, but now there are 6. However, since the subsidy is no longer available, these stoves have not been disseminated as most households prefer the low price of a polluting stove rather than the high price of a clean stove. 23
Lets turn now to manufacturing challenges. 24
Although the number of locally produced eligible stove is increased, its sustainable production remans questionable once the stove program ends. The capacity of local manufacturers is still weak and depends on financial support. Parallel existence of traditional stoves in the market was one of the biggest barriers. As result of UBCAP’s testing of stoves, new stove standards have been developed and from April 1 st , 2017, a ban on the production and sale of traditional stoves and boilers is enforced. This will hopefully create a conducive environment for local clean stove producers. Poorly operating tools and machinery (mostly mechanical operation) are another obstacle for local producers, and UBCAP is currently looking how to best assist local producers. However, producers face a low demand for clean stoves, and their weak financial situation does not allow them to realize investments for improvement. 25
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