Chicago 16 th Edition Formatting and Style Guide A Lakehead - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Chicago 16th Edition

Formatting and Style Guide

A Lakehead University Writing Center Workshop

First Rule of Formatting?

Always

Follow your instructor’s Guidelines!

Why document?

Ø In Canada, authors are considered the owners of their intellectual property – their

ideas and writings. As an academic writer, when you use the words and ideas of another person, you are expected to follow the conventions of the academy.

Ø Correctly documenting your work adds authority to what you have said and

indicates to your reader that you have researched, understood and analyzed the work of experts in your topic.

Ø Specifically, you must:

Set off any quoted material* using quotation marks (or indentation) and reference the source you took the quote from. Provide a reference for any material from another source whose ideas you have summarized or paraphrased.1

*Be careful to copy accurately the words you quote from the work of another author.

Footnote (Chicago Documentation Style):

1Lunsford, Andrea A. Easy Writer, 4th ed., Canadian ed.

(Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010), 12.

List of Terms

— Footnote – indicated in numbered sequence (1, 2, 3, …), information in the

text that is put into a note at the bottom of the page. The first time a work is referenced, include the author’s name, title of work, publication information, year of publication and page reference. Examples follow.

— Bibliography – a separate page at the end of your paper where you list all

the information a reader needs to find the source you used in your paper: author, titles, publication information, year of publication.

— Academic reference – a scholarly source that is from a researched

publication or peer-reviewed journal (as opposed to a website or popular magazine). If in doubt about material, check with your prof, GA or a Reference Librarian.

— Paraphrase – rewording of a passage from a source in your own words.

Usually, a writer paraphrase to explain or clarify a point.

— Summary – a brief restatement from a source.

Avoid unintentional plagiarism

Organizing your material allows you to check your work so that you don’t waste time looking for material or forgetting where you found an idea or passage.

Ø PARAPHRASE OR SUMMARIZE: Put the passage in your own words. You will still identify

the source of the theory/idea/fact in a footnote and include the full reference in the Bibliography, but the information will fit your writing style since it is in your own words.

Ø SHORT PASSAGES VERBATIM FROM THE SOURCE: Use quotation marks to separate

the author’s words from yours and place the footnote number after the quoted passage. Set off any words and phrases that you have taken directly from the text by using quotation marks, even if you only adopting phrases and the rest of the sentence is in your own words; e.g.: Although writers sometimes think the internet is public property, A Canadian Writer’s Reference says you should “treat web sources in the same way you treat print sources.”2

Ø BLOCK QUOTATIONS: Quotations of more than five lines should be blocked. Double space

between your introduction to the quotation, then single space the block quotation itself, indenting

• n the left and right margins 1.2 cm. (1/2 inch). Double space between the end of the quotation

and the beginning of the next passage.

Footnote:

2 Diana Hacker and Nancy Sommers, A Canadian Writer’s Reference (5th ed.).

(Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010), 363.

Quoting verbatim from a source

— Quotations must be the exact reproduction of the original

text; if you must alter words, enclose the new words in square brackets [ ] to show the text has been changed.

— Introduce quotations and relate the information to what

you have written, using one of three methods:

¡ Incorporate a partial quote into the fabric of your sentence, setting

the quote off from your writing by quotation marks;

¡ Introduce a quote with an independent clause, followed by a colon

(:);

¡ Use a phrase to introduce the quote, separating it from the quoted

material with a comma.

Avoid over-quoting as it’s disruptive to your natural writing style

Chicago Style Examples:

— Incorporating a short or partial quotation into a sentence:

In the early 1980’s, Homer Watkins identified a planned psycho- behavioral intervention as advisable to alleviate athletes’ “… psychological and behavioral disability and discomfort.”3

— Introducing quotation with an independent clause:

Marc Danish et al. warn that one must be careful when considering an intervention: “Attempting to solve a problem before it is fully understood can happen if the specialist lacks counseling skills or ignores important information about the athlete’s experiences.”4

3 Homer Watkins, “Coaching Inventions: What They Are and When They Work,” Canadian Journal of Sports

Professionals 13,no.3/4 (2012): 35-57.

4 Marc Danish, Peter O. Umeki and Laura Slissens, eds., Introduction to Coaching, Counseling and Training

Student-Athletes: An Anthology of Writings (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2010), xii.

More Examples

— Direct quotation of a full sentence:

The social order is broken, but Lear’s madness also leads to insightful wisdom: “In this unstructured and disparate world Lear comes to know things he (and we) could not know in sanity.”1

— Direct quotation of a partial sentence:

Through his episode of madness, the audience realizes “Lear suffered from more delusions when he was apparently sane”2 than he does when he is lost and wandering in the wilderness.

1 Peter Hunter, “The Case for the Enlightened Fool: Lear’s Madness

Reconsidered,” Shakespeare Electronica 3 (2009), 12. http:// www.shakespeareonline/learhunter.htm (accessed January 31, 2013).

2 Ibid., 13.

Notes for Paraphrase and Summary

— Paraphrase:

Peter Hunter suggests that during his madness, although his reality is fractured, Lear is able to perceive things that are not

• bvious to the sane.3

— Summary:

As Peter Hunter points out, Lear has gained insight through his episodes of madness.4

3 Peter Hunter, “The Case for the Enlightened Fool: Lear’s Madness Reconsidered,” Shakespeare

Electronica 3 (2009), 12. http://www.shakespeareonline/learhunter.htm (accessed January 31, 2013).

4 Ibid., 12-13.

Prevent unintentional borrowing

A challenge for students who are writing their first academic papers is to keep tabs

• n all their research.

Choose to work with saved copies: photocopies, printouts and electronic files allow you to mark or highlight or colour-code passages

• f interest.

¡ Record all the information you need for the Bibliography page at the

end of your paper: author’s name, titles, (incl. journal issue and number if applicable), location of publisher, publisher, date of publication, page numbers, retrieval information website address, DOI, name of the database, or stable URL.

¡ Keep all the material for the paper in one location. ¡ As soon as you read something you think you can use, mark the

passage so you can go back to it.

¡ Use quotation marks to indicate anything you take verbatim.

Chicago Style General Guidelines

— 8.5 x 11 paper — Double space everything except footnotes, block

quotations, table titles and figure captions

— 12 point Times New Roman — 1” margins all sides (2.54 cm) — Every new paragraph is offset with one indent — Begin with a title page (counts as page 1, but is not

numbered)

— Running head is right, before number on every page,

beginning at page 2.

Title Page*

— No page number on the title page — Set up page numbers in top right corner. The title page is 1,

but suppress it. Page 2 is the first page of text.

— Center the title of the paper about 1/3 of the way down the

• page. Title page material is usually single spaced

— Go several spaces (till ¾ down the page) and then add:

¡ Your name ¡ Course name and number ¡ Prof’s name ¡ Date of submission

*Shown in sample paper

Headings

Ø Check to ensure you need to use headings. Ø Chicago has five levels; in order 1-5, they are: Centred, Italic or Boldface, Headline Style Capitalization Centred, Headline Style Capitalization Flush left, Italic or Boldface, Headline Style Capitalization Flush left, roman type, sentence-style capitalization At the beginning of the paragraph, italic or boldface, sentence style capitalization, terminal period.

Books

—

One author, print reference BIB: Macmillan, Nancy. Conflict, Culture and History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. NOTE:

6 Nancy Macmillan, Conflict, Culture and History. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press,

2002), 384.

—

Two authors, print reference BIB: Macmillan, Nancy and Richard Haziss. Regional Dimensions of Alberta Educational Debates. Edmonton: Fairweather Press, 1998. NOTE:

7 Nancy Macmillan and Richard Haziss, Regional Dimensions of Alberta Educational

Debates, (Edmonton: Fairweather Press, 1998), 21.

—

Multiple authors, print reference BIB: Smith, Donald, Max A. Ginter, Janice Fowler, and Sanghita Mehra. The Theory and Practice of

• History. New York: Routledge, 2005.

NOTE:

8 Donald Smith et al. The Theory and Practice of History. (New York: Routledge, 2005), 21.

Journals

— Single author, print reference

BIB: Schott, Jeffrey J. “America, Canada and Mexico: Free Trade States.” Journal of North American Politics 11, no. 3 (2001): 111-143. NOTE:

1 Jeffrey J. Schott, “America, Canada and Mexico: Free Trade States,” Journal of

North American Politics 11, no. 3 (2001): 124.

— Multiple author, print reference

BIB: Shuman, Howard, Larry Salsburg, and Hannah Lyons. “Elite Revisionists: Retelling the ‘Discovery’ of the New World.” Canadian Historical Review 39, no.1 (2010): 40-64. NOTE:

2 Howard Shuman, Larry Salsburg, and Hannah Lyons, “Elite Revisionists:

Retelling the ‘Discovery’ of the New World,” Canadian Historical Review 39, no.1 (2010): 61.

Electronic Sources

— Single author, journal

BIB: Schott, Jeffrey J. “America, Canada and Mexico: Free Trade States.” Journal of North American Politics 11, no. 3 (2001). 111-143. doi:10.2209/1469-3569.1234. NOTE:

3 Jeffrey J. Schott, “America, Canada and Mexico: Free Trade States,” Journal of

North American Politics 11, no. 3 (2001), 124, doi:10.2209/1469-3569.1234.

— Multiple authors, journal

BIB: Shuman, Howard, Larry Salsburg, and Hannah Lyons. “Elite Revisionists: Retelling the ‘Discovery’ of the New World.” Canadian Historical Review 39, no.1 (2010). 40-64. doi:10.1082/poq/nfi012. NOTE:

4 Howard Shuman, Larry Salsburg, and Hannah Lyons, “Elite Revisionists:

Retelling the ‘Discovery’ of the New World.” Canadian Historical Review 39, no.1 (2010), 61, doi:10.1082/poq/nfi012.

Electronic Resources

— Article from a website, with author

BIB Nawageesic, Aaron. “Incorporating Traditional Learning in the Ontario Curriculum.”

• Pathways. Ontario Native Teachers’ Association. 2010.

http://onta.on.org/teachingtips/. NOTE

5 Aaron Nawageesic, “Incorporating Traditional Learning in the Ontario

Curriculum,” Pathways, Ontario Native Teachers’ Association. 2010. http://onta.on.org/teachingtips/.

— Article from a website, no author

BIB Lakehead University Department of Indigenous Learning. Mission Statement. 2008. http://indigenouslearning.lakeheadu.ca/. NOTE

6 Lakehead University Department of Indigenous Learning, Mission Statement.

• 2008. http://indigenouslearning.lakeheadu.ca/.

Other Sources

— Indirect sources

¡

Chicago style discourages the use of indirect citing, preferring writers to go to original sources; however, if you must cite an indirect source:

NOTE

7 Ian Hacking, The Social Construction of What? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard

University Press, 1999), 103, quoted in Manuel DeLanda, A New Philosophy of Society (New York: Continuum, 2006), 2. The entry in the bibliography would list DeLanda as it is the text used.

— Personal communications

8 Patricia Burns, e-mail message to author, December 15, 2008.

There is no bibliographic entry for personal communications.

— Reference works

9 Canadian Encyclopedia, s.v. “post-colonial.”

s.v. indicates the reader should look under the entry “post-colonial”; there is generally no bibliographic entry for dictionaries and encyclopedias. Check with your professor.

Other Documentation Resources:

CMS Style: We have a print copy or you can go to the Writing Centre Website: www.writingcentre.lakeheadu.ca CMS website: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ tools_citationguide.html

Find these resources at the library reference desk or

• rder them at the university bookstore

OWL Purdue (Online Writing Lab): http://

• wl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/02/

Recently published handbook that has a documenting sources section

The Writing Centre

— Email us to book an appointment:

¡ writingc@lakeheadu.ca

— We have four locations across campus:

¡ Main Library: M,T,Th,F – 11-3; ¡ W – 1-6; Sun – 1-4 ¡ Education Library: M 2:30-3:30 ¡ Th – 12:30-1:30 ¡ ACSS Lounge (SC 0004BA): W & Th – 1-3