Chicago 16 th Edition Formatting and Style Guide A Lakehead - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Chicago 16 th Edition Formatting and Style Guide A Lakehead University Writing Center Workshop

First Rule of Formatting? Always Follow your instructor’s Guidelines!

Why document? Ø In Canada, authors are considered the owners of their intellectual property – their ideas and writings. As an academic writer, when you use the words and ideas of another person, you are expected to follow the conventions of the academy. Ø Correctly documenting your work adds authority to what you have said and indicates to your reader that you have researched, understood and analyzed the work of experts in your topic. Ø Specifically, you must: Set off any quoted material* using quotation marks (or indentation) and reference the source you took the quote from. Provide a reference for any material from another source whose ideas you have summarized or paraphrased. 1 *Be careful to copy accurately the words you quote from the work of another author. Footnote (Chicago Documentation Style): 1 Lunsford, Andrea A. Easy Writer, 4 th ed., Canadian ed. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010), 12.

List of Terms — Footnote – indicated in numbered sequence (1, 2, 3, …), information in the text that is put into a note at the bottom of the page. The first time a work is referenced, include the author’s name, title of work, publication information, year of publication and page reference. Examples follow. — Bibliography – a separate page at the end of your paper where you list all the information a reader needs to find the source you used in your paper: author, titles, publication information, year of publication. — Academic reference – a scholarly source that is from a researched publication or peer-reviewed journal (as opposed to a website or popular magazine). If in doubt about material, check with your prof, GA or a Reference Librarian. — Paraphrase – rewording of a passage from a source in your own words. Usually, a writer paraphrase to explain or clarify a point. — Summary – a brief restatement from a source.

Avoid unintentional plagiarism Organizing your material allows you to check your work so that you don’t waste time looking for material or forgetting where you found an idea or passage. Ø PARAPHRASE OR SUMMARIZE : Put the passage in your own words. You will still identify the source of the theory/idea/fact in a footnote and include the full reference in the Bibliography, but the information will fit your writing style since it is in your own words. Ø SHORT PASSAGES VERBATIM FROM THE SOURCE : Use quotation marks to separate the author’s words from yours and place the footnote number after the quoted passage. Set off any words and phrases that you have taken directly from the text by using quotation marks, even if you only adopting phrases and the rest of the sentence is in your own words; e.g.: Although writers sometimes think the internet is public property, A Canadian Writer’s Reference says you should “treat web sources in the same way you treat print sources.” 2 Ø BLOCK QUOTATIONS: Quotations of more than five lines should be blocked. Double space between your introduction to the quotation, then single space the block quotation itself, indenting on the left and right margins 1.2 cm. (1/2 inch). Double space between the end of the quotation and the beginning of the next passage. Footnote: 2 Diana Hacker and Nancy Sommers, A Canadian Writer’s Reference (5 th ed.). (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010), 363.

Quoting verbatim from a source — Quotations must be the exact reproduction of the original text; if you must alter words, enclose the new words in square brackets [ ] to show the text has been changed. — Introduce quotations and relate the information to what you have written, using one of three methods: ¡ Incorporate a partial quote into the fabric of your sentence, setting the quote off from your writing by quotation marks; ¡ Introduce a quote with an independent clause, followed by a colon (:); ¡ Use a phrase to introduce the quote, separating it from the quoted material with a comma. Avoid over-quoting as it’s disruptive to your natural writing style

Chicago Style Examples: — Incorporating a short or partial quotation into a sentence: In the early 1980’s, Homer Watkins identified a planned psycho- behavioral intervention as advisable to alleviate athletes’ “… psychological and behavioral disability and discomfort.” 3 — Introducing quotation with an independent clause: Marc Danish et al. warn that one must be careful when considering an intervention: “Attempting to solve a problem before it is fully understood can happen if the specialist lacks counseling skills or ignores important information about the athlete’s experiences.” 4 3 Homer Watkins, “Coaching Inventions: What They Are and When They Work,” Canadian Journal of Sports Professionals 13 ,no.3/4 (2012): 35-57. 4 Marc Danish, Peter O. Umeki and Laura Slissens, eds., Introduction to Coaching, Counseling and Training Student-Athletes: An Anthology of Writings (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2010), xii.

More Examples — Direct quotation of a full sentence : The social order is broken, but Lear’s madness also leads to insightful wisdom: “In this unstructured and disparate world Lear comes to know things he (and we) could not know in sanity.” 1 — Direct quotation of a partial sentence : Through his episode of madness, the audience realizes “Lear suffered from more delusions when he was apparently sane” 2 than he does when he is lost and wandering in the wilderness. 1 Peter Hunter, “The Case for the Enlightened Fool: Lear’s Madness Reconsidered,” Shakespeare Electronica 3 (2009), 12. http:// www.shakespeareonline/learhunter.htm (accessed January 31, 2013). 2 Ibid., 13.

Notes for Paraphrase and Summary — Paraphrase : Peter Hunter suggests that during his madness, although his reality is fractured, Lear is able to perceive things that are not obvious to the sane. 3 — Summary : As Peter Hunter points out, Lear has gained insight through his episodes of madness. 4 3 Peter Hunter, “The Case for the Enlightened Fool: Lear’s Madness Reconsidered,” Shakespeare Electronica 3 (2009), 12. http://www.shakespeareonline/learhunter.htm (accessed January 31, 2013). 4 Ibid., 12-13.

Prevent unintentional borrowing A challenge for students who are writing their first academic papers is to keep tabs on all their research. Choose to work with saved copies: photocopies, printouts and electronic files allow you to mark or highlight or colour-code passages of interest. ¡ Record all the information you need for the Bibliography page at the end of your paper: author’s name, titles, (incl. journal issue and number if applicable), location of publisher, publisher, date of publication, page numbers, retrieval information website address, DOI, name of the database, or stable URL. ¡ Keep all the material for the paper in one location. ¡ As soon as you read something you think you can use, mark the passage so you can go back to it. ¡ Use quotation marks to indicate anything you take verbatim.

Chicago Style General Guidelines — 8.5 x 11 paper — Double space everything except footnotes, block quotations, table titles and figure captions — 12 point Times New Roman — 1” margins all sides (2.54 cm) — Every new paragraph is offset with one indent — Begin with a title page (counts as page 1, but is not numbered) — Running head is right, before number on every page, beginning at page 2.

Title Page* — No page number on the title page — Set up page numbers in top right corner. The title page is 1, but suppress it. Page 2 is the first page of text. — Center the title of the paper about 1/3 of the way down the page. Title page material is usually single spaced — Go several spaces (till ¾ down the page) and then add: ¡ Your name ¡ Course name and number ¡ Prof’s name ¡ Date of submission *Shown in sample paper

Headings Ø Check to ensure you need to use headings. Ø Chicago has five levels; in order 1-5, they are: Centred, Italic or Boldface, Headline Style Capitalization Centred, Headline Style Capitalization Flush left, Italic or Boldface, Headline Style Capitalization Flush left, roman type, sentence-style capitalization At the beginning of the paragraph, italic or boldface, sentence style capitalization, terminal period.

Books One author, print reference — BIB: Macmillan, Nancy. Conflict, Culture and History . Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. NOTE: 6 Nancy Macmillan, Conflict, Culture and History . (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002), 384. Two authors, print reference — BIB: Macmillan, Nancy and Richard Haziss. Regional Dimensions of Alberta Educational Debates . Edmonton: Fairweather Press, 1998. NOTE: 7 Nancy Macmillan and Richard Haziss, Regional Dimensions of Alberta Educational Debates, (Edmonton: Fairweather Press, 1998), 21. Multiple authors, print reference — BIB: Smith, Donald, Max A. Ginter, Janice Fowler, and Sanghita Mehra. The Theory and Practice of History . New York: Routledge, 2005. NOTE: 8 Donald Smith et al. The Theory and Practice of History . (New York: Routledge, 2005), 21.