Chemical components of wood Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Extractives - - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Lignin - Phenol propanoid monomers Extractives - various organics Chemical components of wood

The three types of reaction catalyzed by cellulases:1. Breakage of the non-covalent interactions present in the crystalline structure of cellulose (endo-cellulase) 2. Hydrolysis of the individual cellulose fibers to break it into smaller sugars (exo-cellulase) 3. Hydrolysis of disaccharides and tetrasaccharides into glucose (beta-glucosidase). Straight from Wikipedia

Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Lignin - Phenol propanoid monomers Extractives - various organics Chemical components of wood

A fuzzy image of lignin from Wikipedia

Wood X-section (hardwood) Wood X-section (conifer)

Distribution of water and nitrogen in wood

Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Lignin - Phenol propanoid monomers Extractives - various organics Chemical components of wood

Why the CODIT theory is all wet

thanks to Rayner and Boddy

Echinodontium tinctorium Indian paint fungus a fungus that enters branch stubs and waits for years to cause heartrot

Hypoxylon an Ascomycete that decays wood and colonizes endophytically

Diagram of Hypoxylon spore germination in response to bark exudates - work by Ignatio Chapella

Access from one individual tree to another

Hymenochaete corrugata - the glue or the bondage fungus

Brown rots White rots

Oligoporus amarus (incense cedar only) Oligoporus sequoiae (coastal redwood only)

• O. balsameus

(Cupressus spp.) Laetiporus sulphureus (wide host range, but esp. eucalyptus and oak) Dead trees Phaeolus schweinitzii resinous conifers Fomitopsis pinicola conifers ? Dead trees Phellinus pini (pines, Douglas-fir, & others) Echinodontium tinctorius (true fir and hemlock) Ganoderma applanatum (primarily hardwoods, Oak etc.) Armillaria mellea gr. Heterobasidion annosum Phellinus weirii Cryptoporus volvatus ( conifers) Sterum hirsutum (hardwoods) Trichaptum abietinum (conifers) Trametes versicolor (hardwoods)

• n living trees

Heartrots

Phellinus pini gr. red ring rot See this on the street side of Tolman Hall

The genus Phellinus (& Inonotus) has setae, and a brown hymenium

Ganoderma a common heartrot, white rot

Brown rots White rots

Oligoporus amarus (incense cedar only) Oligoporus sequoiae (coastal redwood only)

• O. balsameus

(Cupressus spp.) Laetiporus sulphureus (wide host range, but esp. eucalyptus and oak) Dead trees Phaeolus schweinitzii resinous conifers Fomitopsis pinicola conifers ? Dead trees Phellinus pini (pines, Douglas-fir, & others) Echinodontium tinctorius (true fir and hemlock) Ganoderma applanatum (primarily hardwoods, Oak etc.) Armillaria mellea gr. Heterobasidion annosum Phellinus weirii Cryptoporus volvatus ( conifers) Sterum hirsutum (hardwoods) Trichaptum abietinum (conifers) Trametes versicolor (hardwoods)

• n living trees

Saprobes

Zone lines in wood cause by vegetative interactions between different genotypes of decay fungi

Wood endophytes like Hypoxylon get first dibs

Trichaptum

Brown rots White rots

Oligoporus amarus (incense cedar only) Oligoporus sequoiae (coastal redwood only)

• O. balsameus

(Cupressus spp.) Laetiporus sulphureus (wide host range, but esp. eucalyptus and oak) Dead trees Phaeolus schweinitzii resinous conifers Fomitopsis pinicola conifers ? Dead trees Phellinus pini (pines, Douglas-fir, & others) Echinodontium tinctorius (true fir and hemlock) Ganoderma applanatum (primarily hardwoods, Oak etc.) Armillaria mellea gr. Heterobasidion annosum Phellinus weirii Cryptoporus volvatus ( conifers) Sterum hirsutum (hardwoods) Trichaptum abietinum (conifers) Trametes versicolor (hardwoods)

• n living trees

Saprobes & pathogens that can persist as sabrobes

edge of root disease center note progressively thinner crowns and shorter heights

Lion’s tailing A crown symptom caused by lack

• f expansion of

shoot and lower needle retention

Heterobasidion annosum P-strain in action at Yosemite village Tree failure, a symptom

• f root decay