[PPT] - Characterizing mmWave Channels Greg VanWiggeren, Ph.D. Hongwei Kong PowerPoint Presentation

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Characterizing mmWave Channels for 5G

Greg VanWiggeren, Ph.D. Hongwei Kong Zhu Wen Keysight Laboratories

Nov 16th, 2015

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Outline

– Why mmWaves? – Properties of mmW channels – Channel sounding techniques – Early experimental results from Keysight Labs – Summary

IEEE 5G Summit 2 11/16/2015

SLIDE 3

Page IEEE 5G Summit 3 11/16/2015

Historical Context

1G 2G 3G 4G

100X Data Rates

1000X Capacity 100X Densification 1ms Latency Reliability 99.999% 100X Energy Efficiency

Digital Voice Analog Voice Mobile Internet First Mobile Broadband

Ubiquitous Connectivity

5G

5G vision represents revolutionary change

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Page IEEE 5G Summit 4 11/16/2015

Achieving the 5G Vision

More capacity is needed

100X Data Rates 1000X Capacity 100X Densification 1ms Latency Reliability 99.999% 100X Energy Efficiency

~ 700 MHz total BW
< 3 GHz

20 40 60 80 Frequency (GHz) 10 20 30

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Exabytes / Month

Worldwide Data Usage

Source: Cisco VNI Mobile, 2015

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Page IEEE 5G Summit 5 11/16/2015

Achieving the 5G Vision

More capacity is needed

100X Data Rates 1000X Capacity 100X Densification 1ms Latency Reliability 99.999% 100X Energy Efficiency

~ 700 MHz total BW
< 3 GHz

20 40 60 80 Frequency (GHz) Headline from cnet.com, January 2015

“FCC rakes in $45 billion from wireless spectrum auction…”

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Page IEEE 5G Summit 6 11/16/2015

mmWaves for 5G

A key enabler of the 5G vision

100X Data Rates 1000X Capacity 100X Densification 1ms Latency Reliability 99.999% 100X Energy Efficiency

mmWave band properties:

Wider bandwidths
Higher path losses
Different channel properties

20 40 60 80 Frequency (GHz)

28 37,39 64-71 71-76 81-86 57-66

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Outline

– Why mmWaves? – Properties of mmW channels – Channel sounding techniques – Early experimental results from Keysight Labs – Summary

IEEE 5G Summit 7 11/16/2015

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Challenges with mmW Channels

IEEE 5G Summit

Higher Path Loss

8 11/16/2015

For a dense network, atmospheric absorption is a minor issue

Report ITU-R M.2376-0 (06/2015)

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Challenges with mmW Channels

IEEE 5G Summit

Primary Source of Higher Path Loss

9 11/16/2015

= 𝑄𝑝𝑥𝑓𝑠𝑈𝑦 + 𝐻𝑏𝑗𝑜𝑈𝑦 + 𝐻𝑏𝑗𝑜𝑆𝑦 − 20log 𝑒2 − 20log 𝑔2

From the Friis equation:

𝑄𝑝𝑥𝑓𝑠𝑆𝑦

Frequency

Higher frequencies  smaller antenna elements
Higher directivity overcomes path losses
Massive MIMO enabled in small size
Some challenges
Discovery and tracking
Added complexity

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mmW Channels

IEEE 5G Summit

Dramatically different than channels below 6 GHz

10 11/16/2015

mmW Channels:

Higher path losses
Less diffraction
Objects are more reflective
More Doppler
Greater penetration losses

(indoor/outdoor) Industry needs for mmW models:

Indoor and outdoor
Urban canyons, stadium,

shopping mall

MIMO (array) behavior
Consistency with < 6 GHz models

to allow system performance comparisons

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Outline

– Why mmWaves? – Properties of mmW channels – Channel sounding techniques – Early experimental results from Keysight Labs – Summary

IEEE 5G Summit 11 11/16/2015

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Basic Channel Sounding

IEEE 5G Summit 12 11/16/2015

) (t h ) ( ) ( ) ( t x t h t y  

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MIMO Channel Sounding

IEEE 5G Summit

Conceptually similar but more subscripts

13 11/16/2015

) (t h ) ( ) ( ) ( t x t h t y  

MIMO mmW Channel Model

   

t x t h t y

i ij j

  ) (

 

t y j

 

t xi

 

t hij

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Channel Sounding Options

IEEE 5G Summit

Three valid approaches

14 11/16/2015

Frequency Swept

Low speed

measurement

Challenging for widely

separated Tx and Rx Sliding Correlator

Low speed

measurement

Some temporal

aspects not captured Wideband Correlation

Fast measurements
Amp./phase

information supports AoD, AoA meas.

Techniques RF Channel

) (t y ) (t x ) (t h

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Channel Sounding Options

IEEE 5G Summit

Three valid approaches

15 11/16/2015

Frequency Swept

Low speed

measurement

Challenging for widely

separated Tx and Rx Sliding Correlator

Low speed

measurement

Some temporal

aspects not captured Wideband Correlation

Fast measurements
Amp./phase

information supports AoD, AoA meas.

Techniques RF Channel

) (t y ) (t x ) (t h

Sliding correlator receiver

T. S. Rappaport et al., “Millimeter wave mobile communications

for 5G cellular: It will work!” IEEE Access, May 2013.

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Page

Channel Sounding Options

IEEE 5G Summit

Three valid approaches

16 11/16/2015

Frequency Swept

Low speed

measurement

Challenging for widely

separated Tx and Rx Sliding Correlator

Low speed

measurement

Some temporal

aspects not captured Wideband Correlation

Fast measurements
Amp./phase

information supports AoD, AoA meas.

Techniques RF Channel

) (t y ) (t h ) (t x

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( t h t x t y t x t x t h t x t y t x t h t y           

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Techniques for angular channel characterization

IEEE 5G Summit

Rotating horn antennas

17 11/16/2015

Tx Rx Horn Antenna Horn Antenna 1st Line-of-Site Path 2nd Path

n2 measurements

𝜄𝐵𝑝𝐸 𝜄𝐵𝑝𝐵

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Techniques for angular channel characterization

IEEE 5G Summit

MIMO Sounding

18 11/16/2015

Tx Rx MIMO Array MIMO array 1st Line-of-Site Path 2nd Path

1 measurements

𝜄𝐵𝑝𝐸 𝜄𝐵𝑝𝐵

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Outline

– Why mmWaves? – Properties of mmW channels – Channel sounding techniques – Early experimental results from Keysight Labs – Summary

IEEE 5G Summit 19 11/16/2015

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Keysight MIMO mmW Sounding Architecture

IEEE 5G Summit

Preferred approach

20 11/16/2015

Wideband Tx

RF Channel

Wideband Multichannel RX

 

t xi

 

t y j

   

t x t h t y

i ij j

  ) (

 

t hij

MIMO mmW Channel Model

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MIMO mmW Channel Sounder

IEEE 5G Summit 21 11/16/2015

E8267D mmWave Signal Source

ANT

PA M9703A 8CH Digitizer

Rubidium Clock

M9362 50 GHz 4CH Digital Coherent Down Convertor E8257D 67GHz LO

BPF

33512 AWG

LNA

L4450A Digital I/O Switch Controller 85332B 50GHz SP4T Switch

RF Channel

Up to 44 GHz

ANT

M8190A 5-GHZ AWG Rubidium Clock HJ5418B

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MIMO mmW Channel Sounder

IEEE 5G Summit 22 11/16/2015

E8267D mmWave Signal Source

ANT

PA M9703A 8CH Digitizer

Rubidium Clock

M9362 50 GHz 4CH Digital Coherent Down Convertor E8257D 67GHz LO

BPF

33512 AWG

LNA

L4450A Digital I/O Switch Controller 85332B 50GHz SP4T Switch

RF Channel

Calibration and synchronization

ANT

M8190A 5-GHZ AWG

Synchronize Antenna Calibration

Rubidium Clock HJ5418B

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0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 x 10

6
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

Sample Amplitude (dB) Sounding Sequence Autocorrelation (Meas.)

MIMO mmW Sounding Signal Autocorrelation

IEEE 5G Summit 23 11/16/2015

Experimental vs. simulation

Simulation Sounding Sequence Autocorrelation Sounding Sequence Autocorrelation Measured by Channel Sounder RX (M9703A) Amplitude (dB)

60
40
20
80

Amplitude (dB)

100
200
300

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MIMO mmW Sounder Data Handling

IEEE 5G Summit

Broadband channel sounding leads to huge data sets

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MIMO mmW Channel Model M9703A: 4 Channels @ 3.2 GS/s = 3.2 GS/s * 2B/S*4 = 25.6 GB/s = 200 Gb/s Very difficult to store

r stream out in real-time!!!

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Page IEEE 5G Summit 25 11/16/2015

Fortunately, the M9703A has four FPGAs for streaming data reduction

Broadband channel sounding leads to huge data sets

MIMO mmW Sounder Data Handling

ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC

FPGA FPGA FPGA FPGA

Customer-programmable FPGA “sandboxes” for custom DSP

DSP includes:

Digital down-conversion to I/Q
Real-time autocorrelation
Data-reduced complex impulse response

25.6 GB/s  1.6 GB/s (e.g. for 5-us delay spread) Real-time streaming to storage now feasible.

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MIMO mmW Channel Modeling

IEEE 5G Summit

Parameter extraction using Keysight SystemVue

26 11/16/2015

MIMO mmW Channel Model

Parameter extraction using well-known SAGE algorithm

Angle of Arrival/Departure
Power Delay Profile
Rician K factor
Doppler Shift

I/Q data from the M9703A

Sounding Data Channel Model

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MIMO mmW Channel Modeling

IEEE 5G Summit

Parameter extraction using Keysight SystemVue

27 11/16/2015

MIMO mmW Channel Model

Sounding Data Channel Model

Parameter extraction using well-known SAGE algorithm

Angle of Arrival/Departure
Power Delay Profile
Rician K factor
Doppler Shift

I/Q data from the M9703A

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MIMO mmW System Simulation

IEEE 5G Summit

Enabled by SystemVue and channel measurements

28 11/16/2015

I/Q Waveform TX System Channel Model RX System EVM & BER

Sounding Data Channel Model

Parameter extraction using well-known SAGE algorithm

Angle of Arrival/Departure
Power Delay Profile
Rician K factor
Doppler Shift

I/Q data from the M9703A

Channel Model

SystemVue Simulation Flow

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MIMO mmW Sounding Reference Solution

IEEE 5G Summit

MIMO Sounding (4 x 4)

29 11/16/2015

Carrier Frequency: up to 44 GHz
BW: 1 GHz

Transmitter Receiver

Keysight reference solution

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Reference Solution Results

28GHz, 4x4 MIMO, 1GHz BW

Tx Rx

0 deg 0 deg

LOS

IEEE 5G Summit 30

LOS Path Loss (dB)

11/16/2015

50
90
70

Path Loss (dB) Path delay (ns)

500 250

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Reference Solution Results

28GHz, 4x4 MIMO, 1GHz BW

Tx Rx

0 deg

30 deg

LOS

IEEE 5G Summit 31

LOS AOA changes accordingly

Path delay (ns)

11/16/2015

500 250

50
90
70

Path Loss (dB)

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LOS Reflection from ceiling Projector

Reference Solution Results

5.8GHz, 8x8 MIMO, 250MHz BW

Tx Rx

0 deg 30 deg Metal Panel Reflecting path

LOS

IEEE 5G Summit 32

Projector Reflection from ceil

Transmitter Receiver

11/16/2015

Keysight reference solution

45°

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Reference Solution Results

5.8GHz, 8x8 MIMO, 250MHz BW

Tx Rx

0 deg 30 deg Metal Panel Reflecting path

LOS

IEEE 5G Summit 33

Projector Reflection from ceil

LOS (between two samples)

Path delay (ns)

From panel From projector

11/16/2015

65
130
95

2000 1000

Path Loss (dB)

45°

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MIMO mmW channel sounding is key to enabling 5G mmW networks
A diverse set of technologies is required:
We demonstrated a calibrated sounder with 1-GHz BW and up to 44 GHz carrier.

The resulting channel model can be used for system simulation.

This is an area of active research—we look forward to working with you.

Summary

IEEE 5G Summit

MIMO mmW Channel Sounding Reference Solution

34 11/16/2015