CHANGE, MOVE OR DIE! Climate change and biodiversity Collected by - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CHANGE, MOVE OR DIE!

Climate change and biodiversity

Collected by Riitta Nykänen

NATURAL DIVERSITY Within species Taxonomic Ecosystem Geodiversity Processes HUMAN CULTURES Diversity Values Meanings Practices

Supporting Services

Primary production Production of atmospheric oxygen Soil formation and retention Nutrient cycling Water cycling Provisioning of habitat

Provisioning Services

Food, fiber and other biomass Fuel Genetic resources Chemicals for processes, medicine etc Ornamental resources Fresh water

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Regulating Services

Air quality maintenance Climate regulation Water regulation and purification Erosion control Waste treatment Regulation of diseases Pollination

Cultural Services

Cultural diversity Cultural heritage values Spiritual and religious values Knowledge systems Educational values Inspiration, aesthetic values Social relations, sense of place Recreation and ecotourism

Radiation of the sun Heat radiating out of the Earth Greenhouse effect is necessary for

life on Earth, but: increased amounts of greenhouse gases couse the climate to get warmer, which leads the weather to: ‐ become less predictable ‐ be more extreme ‐ be more rainy and cloudy in average. Changing weather couses: ‐ shorter winters ‐ snow change ‐ increased flows of water ‐ storms of various kind ‐ floods ‐ draught specially in the spring ‐ melting glaciers and polar ice ‐ rising of the surfaces of the seas

GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Average amount

• f rain

Amount of rainy days Volume of heavy rains Length of rainless spells Pohjois‐Suomi Northern Finland Etelä‐Suomi Southern Finland Kasvaa/ lisääntyy Increases Ennallaan No change Lyhenee Gets shorter Alue Area Talvi: Winter Kevät: Spring Kesä: Summer Syksy: Autumn Vuosi: Year

UNPREDICTABILITY

‐ odd winters

GROUND FROST AND PACK SNOW…

ADAPTATION!!!

Change, move or die!

Learning and evolution Moving of individuals (north and up) Changing disrtibution of species (north and up)

CHANGES IN HUMIDITY AND RAIN ARE A THREAT TO MANY ORGANISMS AND ECOSYSTEMS

GOOD AND BAD SNOW Protection and hindrance

TIMING IS EVERYTHING

Black grouse and capercaillie suffer from climate

• change. Early spring can lead to too early mating

display, which can lead to too early hatching of the

• young. Cold and rain weather means fewer insects

and hunger for the young. Lakka, cloudberry, Rubus chememorus has a similar problem. Too early blooming may end up with frost or heavy rain and few pollinating insects.

MIRES AND SMALL WATERS DEPEND ON BOTH RAIN‐ AND GROUND WATER

ROKUA IS A FORMER DELTA OF A GLACIER RIVER

It consists of sandy deposits in forms of a.e. eskers and dunes. Rain water seeps through sandy soil very fast and is then not available for the vegetation.

SUPPA – KETTLE HOLE

Huge ice lumps were covered by the sand by the flow of the river. When they melted, kettle holef were formed.

ROKUA HAS UNIQUE WATER SYSTEMS

Sandy soil does not keep rainwater, but it seeps into ground forming ground water beds. Draught can couse the groud water level to

• sink. It can be seen in kettle hole ponds.

Sandy soils are dry and sensitive to

• erosion. Heavy rains may increase it.

Sunny very dry slopes are a rare nature type and may be threatened by extreme drought and erosion. Also short winters add to the problem.

ROKUA IS A VALUABLE AREA

Rokua National Park protects the oldest forests in the area. Forests get more lush and diverse when they age. Rokua is a popular recreational area with many hiking routes and skiing tracks. Climate change can have an effect on the conditions for activities. Rokua also gets many summer residents, who enjoy the forests, lakes and services. Tourism is a source for livelihood and vitality. Climate change can change the economic environment and people´s preferences.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

PICTURES

Metsähallitus Natural Heritage Services Ilmasto‐opas.fi images.nationalparks.fi Humanpolis Riitta Nykänen Leena Kinnunen