challenges for particle physics from strings
play

Challenges for particle physics from strings Michael Ratz XVI - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Challenges for particle physics from strings Michael Ratz XVI Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields Puerto Vallarta, October 27, 2017 Based on collaborations with: F. Brmmer, W. Buchmller, M.C. Chen , M. Fallbacher, K. Hamaguchi, R.


  1. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow ☞ Starting point: torus Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  2. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow

  3. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow ❩ 2

  4. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow ❩ 2

  5. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  6. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  7. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  8. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  9. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  10. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  11. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  12. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  13. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  14. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  15. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  16. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  17. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  18. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  19. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  20. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  21. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  22. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  23. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  24. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  25. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  26. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  27. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  28. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  29. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  30. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  31. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  32. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  33. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  34. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  35. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  36. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  37. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  38. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  39. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  40. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  41. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  42. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  43. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  44. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  45. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  46. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  47. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  48. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  49. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  50. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  51. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  52. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? ❩ 2 orbifold pillow back Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 6/ 21

  53. bc b bc b bc b bc b Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? What is an orbifold? ☞ An orbifold is a space which is smooth/flat everywhere except for special (orbifold fixed) points Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 7/ 21

  54. bc b bc b bc b bc b bc b bc b bc b bc b Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? What is an orbifold? G tl G tr G G bl G br ☞ An orbifold is a space which is smooth/flat everywhere except for special (orbifold fixed) points ☞ ‘Bulk’ gauge symmetry G is broken to (different) subgroups (local GUTs) at the fixed points Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 7/ 21

  55. bc b bc b bc b bc b bc b bc b bc b bc b Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? What is an orbifold? G tl G tr G G bl G br ☞ An orbifold is a space which is smooth/flat everywhere except for special (orbifold fixed) points ☞ ‘Bulk’ gauge symmetry G is broken to (different) subgroups (local GUTs) at the fixed points ☞ Low–energy gauge group : G low − energy = G bl ∩ G br ∩ G tl ∩ G tr Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 7/ 21

  56. bc b bc b bc b bc b Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? Strings on orbifolds heterotic string field theory untwisted sector extra compo- = strings closed on the nents of gauge torus fields ‘twisted’ sectors ‘brane fields’ = (hard strings which are only to understand in field–theoretical closed on the orbifold framework) ☞ (‘Brane’) Fields living at a fixed point with a certain symmetry appear as complete multiplet of that symmetry Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 8/ 21

  57. bc b bc b bc b bc b Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? Strings on orbifolds heterotic string field theory untwisted sector extra compo- = strings closed on the nents of gauge torus fields ‘twisted’ sectors ‘brane fields’ = (hard strings which are only to understand in field–theoretical closed on the orbifold framework) ☞ (‘Brane’) Fields living at a fixed point with a certain symmetry appear as complete multiplet of that symmetry ➥ E.g. if the electron lives at a point with SO(10) symmetry also u and d quarks live there Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 8/ 21

  58. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? String compactifications with local SO ( 10 ) GUTs 4D space–time Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 9/ 21

  59. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? String compactifications with local SO ( 10 ) GUTs 6D internal space 4D space–time Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 9/ 21

  60. c b b Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds What is an orbifold? String compactifications with local SO ( 10 ) GUTs 6D internal space 16 SO(10) 4D space–time Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 9/ 21

  61. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” The mini–landscape search Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 10/ 21

  62. ❩ Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” Results ➊ 3 × 16 + Higgs + nothing No exotics Lebedev, Nilles, Raby, Ramos-Sánchez, M.R., Vau- drevange & Wingerter (2007b) Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 11/ 21

  63. ❩ Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” Results ➊ 3 × 16 + Higgs + nothing ➋ SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ) Y × G hid Lebedev, Nilles, Raby, Ramos-Sánchez, M.R., Vau- drevange & Wingerter (2007b) Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 11/ 21

  64. ❩ Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” Results ➊ 3 × 16 + Higgs + nothing ➋ SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ) Y × G hid ➌ unification 0.09 precision gauge unification (PGU) 0.08 Α 3 from non–local GUT breaking 0.07 0.06 Α i 0.05 0.04 Α 2 0.03 Α 1 0.02 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 log 10 � Μ � GeV � Raby, M.R. & Schmidt-Hoberg (2010); Krippendorf, Nilles, M.R. & Winkler (2013) Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 11/ 21

  65. ❩ Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” Results Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 11/ 21

  66. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” Results ➊ 3 × 16 + Higgs + nothing ❍❍❍ ✟ ✟✟✟ ❍❍❍ ✟✟✟ u d d q d ℓ ➋ SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ) Y × G hid ❍ ❍❍❍ ✟✟✟ ❍❍ ℓ ℓ e ✟ ℓ H u ✟✟ ➌ unification ❍ ➍ R parity & ❩ R � proton long–lived 4 � DM stable Lebedev, Nilles, Raby, Ramos-Sánchez, M.R., Vau- drevange & Wingerter (2007c); Kappl, Petersen, Raby, M.R., Schieren & Vaudrevange (2011) Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 11/ 21

  67. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” Results ➊ 3 × 16 + Higgs + nothing ➋ SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ) Y × G hid ➌ unification ➍ R parity & ❩ R 4 ➎ see–saw � suppressed ν masses Buchmüller, Hamaguchi, Lebedev, Ramos-Sánchez & M.R. (2007) Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 11/ 21

  68. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” Results ➊ 3 × 16 + Higgs + nothing 0.09 ➋ SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ) Y × G hid 0.08 Α 3 ➌ unification 0.07 0.06 Α t ➍ R parity & ❩ R Α i 0.05 4 0.04 Α 2 ➎ see–saw 0.03 Α 1 0.02 ➏ y t ≃ g @ M GUT & potentially 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 realistic flavor structures à la log 10 � Μ � GeV � Froggatt-Nielsen � realistic top mass Hosteins, Kappl, M.R. & Schmidt-Hoberg (2009) Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 11/ 21

  69. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” Results ➊ 3 × 16 + Higgs + nothing ➋ SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ) Y × G hid ➌ unification ➍ R parity & ❩ R 4 ➎ see–saw ➏ y t ≃ g @ M GUT & potentially realistic flavor structures à la Froggatt-Nielsen Lebedev, Nilles, Raby, Ramos-Sánchez, M.R., Vau- drevange & Wingerter (2007b) ➐ ‘realistic’ hidden sector scale of hidden sector strong dynamics is consistent with TeV–scale soft masses Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 11/ 21

  70. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” Results & “stringy surprises” ➊ 3 × 16 + Higgs + nothing ➋ SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ) Y × G hid µ ∼ � W � ➌ unification ➍ R parity & ❩ R � W � ≪ 1 from 4 approximate U ( 1 ) R ➎ see–saw symmetries ➏ y t ≃ g @ M GUT & potentially realistic flavor structures à la � light Higgs Froggatt-Nielsen ➐ ‘realistic’ hidden sector Kappl, Nilles, Ramos-Sánchez, M.R., Schmidt-Hoberg & Vaudrevange (2009); Brümmer, Kappl, M.R. & Schmidt-Hoberg (2010) ➑ solution to the µ problem Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 11/ 21

  71. Challenges for particle physics from strings Heterotic orbifolds Results & “stringy surprises” Results & “stringy surprises” ➊ 3 × 16 + Higgs + nothing       ➋ SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ) Y × G hid     that’s what we ➌ unification searched for. . .      ➍ R parity & ❩ R    4  ➎ see–saw       ➏ y t ≃ g @ M GUT & potentially      . . . that’s what we realistic flavor structures à la     got ‘for free’ Froggatt-Nielsen  ➐ ‘realistic’ hidden sector  “stringy surprises”        ➑ solution to the µ problem      Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 11/ 21

  72. Challenges for particle physics from strings Open questions & challenges Open questions & challenges Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 12/ 21

  73. Challenges for particle physics from strings Open questions & challenges Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 13/ 21

  74. Challenges for particle physics from strings Open questions & challenges Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ PRO ☞ Hard to disprove Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 13/ 21

  75. Challenges for particle physics from strings Open questions & challenges Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ PRO ☞ Hard to disprove ☞ Seems to have suggested the observed cosmological constant Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 13/ 21

  76. Challenges for particle physics from strings Open questions & challenges Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ PRO ☞ Hard to disprove ☞ Seems to have suggested the observed cosmological constant Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 13/ 21

  77. Challenges for particle physics from strings Open questions & challenges Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ PRO CONTRA ☞ Hard to disprove ☞ There are observations that do not have an anthropic explanation such ☞ Seems to have suggested the as θ QCD observed cosmological constant see, however, Kaloper & Terning (2017) ☞ Extremely convenient Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 13/ 21

  78. Challenges for particle physics from strings Open questions & challenges Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ PRO CONTRA ☞ Hard to disprove ☞ There are observations that do not have an anthropic explanation such ☞ Seems to have suggested the as θ QCD observed cosmological constant see, however, Kaloper & Terning (2017) ☞ A new version of “why now ☞ Extremely convenient problem”: why did questions in the old days have non–anthropic explanations and only the newer problems not? Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 13/ 21

  79. Challenges for particle physics from strings Open questions & challenges Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ Issue 1: the ‘Landscape’ PRO CONTRA ☞ Hard to disprove ☞ There are observations that do not have an anthropic explanation such ☞ Seems to have suggested the as θ QCD observed cosmological constant see, however, Kaloper & Terning (2017) ☞ A new version of “why now ☞ Extremely convenient problem”: why did questions in the old days have non–anthropic explanations and only the newer problems not? Note : Even if one believes in the landscape, one still needs to understand the string models, i.e. construct at least some of them explicitly Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 13/ 21

  80. Challenges for particle physics from strings Open questions & challenges Issue 2: the ‘Swampland’ Issue 2: the ‘Swampland’ ☞ Swampland: constructions which resemble string constructions but are not Vafa (2005) Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 14/ 21

  81. Challenges for particle physics from strings Open questions & challenges Issue 2: the ‘Swampland’ Issue 2: the ‘Swampland’ ☞ Swampland: constructions which resemble string constructions but are not Vafa (2005) ☞ Example 1: Groot Nibbelink, Loukas, Ruehle & Vaudrevange (2015) • infinite sets of models allowed by the usual consistency conditions of Calabi–Yau model building by adding fluxes. . . • . . . but these models would have an arbitrarily large number of massless states and cannot be UV complete Michael Ratz, UC Irvine Puerto Vallarta 2017 14/ 21

Download Presentation
Download Policy: The content available on the website is offered to you 'AS IS' for your personal information and use only. It cannot be commercialized, licensed, or distributed on other websites without prior consent from the author. To download a presentation, simply click this link. If you encounter any difficulties during the download process, it's possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

Recommend


More recommend