Challenges for ICT in Smart Energy and Electric Mobility Hartmut Schmeck Institute AI(FB) + KIT Focus COMMputation Research Center for Information Technology – FZI INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED INFORMATICS (AND FORMAL DESCRIPTION METHODS ) - IAI - AIFB KIT – University of the State of Baden-Württemberg and National Research www.kit.edu Center of the Helmholtz Association European Energy Targets: Strategic Energy Targets 20-20-20: March 2007: EU targets to be met by 2020: 20% reduction of EU greenhouse gas emissions. 20% share of renewables of overall EU energy consumption 20% increase in energy efficiency. More ambitious targets of Germany: Fall 2010: 30% renewables by 2020, 50% by 2030, 80% (??) by 2050 Spring 2011: “ Energiewende ” Highly accelerated replacement of nuclear power with renewables (by 2022) 2 | Hartmut Schmeck
Problems: Fluctuations – in Demand and Supply Small Scale Short Term Variations Mismatch Dead Calm Variations at different time scales, only partially predictable How to deal with fluctuations? � demand and supply management How to compensate for a „ dead calm “?? 3 | Hartmut Schmeck Problems: Power Generation on 27.6.2011, 22.1.2012 27.6.: PV 12 GW, wind 2 GW (peak), nuclear 10,3 GW (steady) 22.1.: PV . 1,8 GW, wind 22 GW (peak), nuclear 5,7 GW (steady) (source: http://www.transparency.eex.com/de/) 4 | Hartmut Schmeck
Study on Energy Situation 2050 (Meteorological Base Year 2007) Power in GW Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Source: Fraunhofer IWES 5 | Hartmut Schmeck Problems due to decentralization: bottlenecks in the low voltage distribution grid Local voltage increase Local voltage decrease due to PV power infeed due to EV charging These visualizations are a result of E-Energy project MeRegio. 6 | Hartmut Schmeck
Impact of PV power input on voltage in the low power grid voltage PV power Problem: all PV panels of one segment are in sync! 7 | Hartmut Schmeck Energy Management: Balancing Demand and Supply Traditional : Supply Demand cannot be controlled. HV Electricity cannot be stored. MV LV � Principle: Supply follows demand ( Spinning reserve: Primary, secondary, …) Demand Future: Supply Supply only partially controllable and decentralized HV Potential reversal of power flow MV � New Principle: LV Demand has to follow supply! Demand � Requires more flexible demand Supply 8 | Hartmut Schmeck
Integrated Future Energy System Transmission grid Kurz- und längerfristige Fluktuationen Ungleich -gewicht Flaute Spannungserhöhung durch PV Distribution grid Spannungsabfall durch E-Auto Energy flow (electricity) Information flow (Energy Information Network with distributed system intelligence) 9 | Hartmut Schmeck Integrated Hybrid Grids power gas heat Power plants Wind Power Plant Bio-PP Gas &Steam PPP Steam Power Plant Power storage H2 / methanation Gas Gas transmission grid Gas transm s transmission grid storage st stora Power transmission grid grid gas gas g management management ma anagem anagem g ment ent Power Power p pow power w wer Wind Wind Wind d biogas biogas biogas biogas biogas G Gas Gas Ga Gas s storage storage ge Heat distribution g Heat distrib Heat distribution grid H2 / H2 / methanation H2 / methanation management mana ma man agement g g emen m buffer buffer buffer buffer Integrated energy he h heat heat t management management management ag g g Gas distribution grid Gas distribution grid Power distribution grid distribution grid Bio-CHP Bio-CHP G G T T PV E-Mobility H2- boiler CHP G Mobility T Heat pump Thermal storage 10 | Hartmut Schmeck
Integrated Energy Management Systems Balancing demand and supply within each grid Energy conversion in between gas, power, and heat „ real conversion “ of power to gas e.g. by electrolytic methods (H 2 ) and methanation in order to consume overflow of power supply from wind power plants „ virtual conversion “ of power to gas in bivalent systems e.g. by switching between gas boiler and electric boiler Interoperability of energy management systems for power, gas, and thermal grids ( � standardized interfaces?) Integrated energy information grid with distributed system intelligence in order to increase the efficiency, flexibility, and stability of the combined grids. 11 | Hartmut Schmeck Tomorrow’s Energy Management Challenges Discover and exploit degrees of freedom and leeway for demand (and supply) management. Need for autonomic/organic/MAS energy management without reducing personal comfort or industrial productivity Develop new ways of storing (electric) energy Batteries Power to gas to power Virtual storage � Strong need for intelligent demand and supply management to increase the reliability of power supply in spite of fluctuating, decentralized and uncontrollable generation of power from renewable sources. � Strong need for load flexibility and load shifting 12 | Hartmut Schmeck
Where should “system intelligence” be located? What do we have to communicate? Power flow Power flow Power generators Communication Communication PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV PV V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V PV- PV-panels V stove WaMa DSL L Substation (transformer) E-car (20kV / 0,4kV) IM CHP C CB B EEX or other markets BGM Power provider (utility) 13 | Hartmut Schmeck German national development plan for electric mobility Goal for 2020: 2016 - 2020 • 1 Mio. E-Vs in DE • DE is lead market and lead provider for E-Mobility Phase 3 2011 - 2016 Volume market et Phase 2 2030 : Market 6 Mio EVs development � Development of battery technology and competence Phase 1 centers in Germany 2009 - 2011 Market/ � Provisioning of an interoperable and large-scale Technology charging infrastructure preparation � Series production of Battery electric vehicles (BEV) and Plug-In electric vehicles ( PHEV) � Development of business models 14 | Hartmut Schmeck
Effects of electric vehicles (EVs) on power grid Typical mobility in Germany, 2008 (mobility survey): Average daily car usage < 1 h, 94% of trips < 50 km Average net capacity of currently available EVs: 20 kWh At 1 Million BEVs (German objective for 2020): available storage capacity of ~ 20 GWh At charging/discharging power of 3.7 kW: ~ 3.7 GW potential power Consequently: high demand for power, potentially also high supply (if power feedback is possible) Average time for charging: Single phase 3.7 kW: 5 to 7 hours. Three phase 10 kW: ~ 2 hours (but high risk of grid overload!) Potential of high flexibility for load shifting , but also potential of high peak load ! Intelligent control leads to high potential for stabilizing the grid. 15 | Hartmut Schmeck Integration Strategies: Load Balancing Potential Uncontrolled EV energy charging 1 2 150 original grid load curve Power P in kW 150 Power P in kW 100 100 50 50 Controlled EV charging 0 0 Solar power -50 -50 infeed 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Time Time 3 4 150 150 resulting load curve Power P in kW Power P in kW 100 100 EV <-> Grid Exchange 50 50 Charging/Infeed 0 0 -50 -50 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Time Time 16 | Hartmut Schmeck
Germany’s way to an Internet of Energy 17 | Hartmut Schmeck artmut Schmeck Moving towards Minimum Emission Regions Research Question / Scenario Objectives • Optimize power generation & usage Energy Technology from producers to end consumers • Smart Metering • Intelligent combination of new • Hybrid Generation generator technology, DSM and ICT • Demand Side Management • Price and control signals for efficient • Distribution Grid Management t energy allocation • Combined Heat and Power Energy Markets • Decentralized Trading • MeRegio-Certificate: Best practice in • Price incentives at the power plug intelligent energy management • Premium Services • System Optimization Partners ICT • Real-time measurement • Safety & Security • System Control & Billing • Non Repudiable Transactions Pilot Region with ~ 1000 Participants (Freiamt + Göppingen) Pilot Region 5 chairs at KIT : 5 chairs at K Energy Ec Energy Economics, Informatics, Telematics, Management, Law 18 | Hartmut Schmeck
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