CERN BLIP High-Z & Si Capsules and BLIP run 2 NBI2017: 10 th - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
cern blip high z si capsules and blip run 2
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

CERN BLIP High-Z & Si Capsules and BLIP run 2 NBI2017: 10 th - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 31, 2023 364 likes •612 views

CERN BLIP High-Z & Si Capsules and BLIP run 2 NBI2017: 10 th International Workshop on Neutrino Beams and Instrumentation + 4 th RaDIATE Meeting Sept. 18 th 22 nd 2017, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan Elvis Fornasiere On behalf of Marco

slide-1
SLIDE 1

CERN BLIP High-Z & Si Capsules and BLIP run 2

NBI2017: 10th International Workshop on Neutrino Beams and Instrumentation + 4th RaDIATE Meeting

  • Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan

Elvis Fornasiere

On behalf of Marco Calviani and EN-STI-TCD Material Science PhD Candidate European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Outline

BLIP Capsule Summary Introduction

Beam intercepting devices

  • Introduction
  • Design
  • DPA and Gas

production

  • Simulations
  • Foreseen PIE
  • CERN BLIP run2

Projects

  • AD-Target
  • HRMT-27

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

2

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Framework: Beam Intercepting Devices (EN-STI-TCD)

  • Fixed target: device in which impacting primary beam produce secondary particles interesting for an

experiment (example: AD target, producing pbars for AD experiments)

  • Dump/absorbers: device to absorb primary or secondary beams in a safe manner when not required

anymore by operation

  • Other examples: collimators, beam windows, etc.

Energy density Stresses on Intermet block

  • M. Calviani, CERN, 19.09.2017

TIDVG

AD- Target

Which properties?

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

3

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Radiation Damage Effects: from Micro to Macro Properties

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

4

  • Chemical properties:
  • Local changes in the chemical composition
  • Phase transformations
  • Physical properties:
  • Decrease of electrical conductivity
  • Decrease of thermal conductivity
  • Mechanical properties:
  • Hardening (H)
  • Loss of ductility (LD)
  • Loss of fracture toughness
  • Loss of creep strength
  • Transmutation products:
  • H, He gas production can cause void

formation and embrittlement

  • Dimensions:
  • Swelling, irradiation creep, irradiation growth

Ta, RT Ta, 250 °C

  • T. S. Byun and S. A. Maloy, "Dose dependence of mechanical properties in

tantalum and tantalum alloys after low temperature irradiation," Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 377, pp. 72-79, 2008.

  • P. Hurh, FNAL, 21.09.2017
slide-5
SLIDE 5

Targetry challenges: The AD-Target example

Stress wave in W rod after irradiation test

Stress waves Radiation damage

HRMT27 Ir target after full intensity Impact AD-Target energy deposition (Courtesy D. Horvath)

  • A decrease of

production is observable

p

  • AD-target system
  • Production of antiprotons by collision of a

26 GeV/c momentum proton beam coming from PS with a high-Z target

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

5

  • R. Bellone, G. del Torre, M. Ross and P.

Sievers, "The Design and Prototype Test of the CERN Antiproton Production Target," in High-intensity Targeting Workshop, Batavia, 1980.

Proton beam from PS:

26 GeV/c 0.5x1 mm2 1.5*1013 ppp 430 ns pulse length

  • Max T in the core

with Ir ~ 2100 °C

  • Max Energy density

density 7500 J/cm3

  • Total energy deposited

in the core: ~1.34 kJ

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Different Effects: Systematic Approach Based on 3 Different Axes

1

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

6

3 2

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Recent studies: HRMT-27

The HRMT-27 experiment in the HiRadMat facility (experiment successfully carried out in November 2015)

Tantalum showed excellent results… SPS: 440 GeV/c

  • From AD-Target to HRMT-27
  • “Scaling” in order to recreate

equivalent deposition of energy / temperatures /stresses wave

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

7

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Results of the HRMT27 experiment

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

8

Extensive measurements of the predicted waves were recorded.

Apparently Tantalum survived AD-Target conditions  Baseline core material for the future design.

All the materials except tantalum fractured from conditions 5-7 times less demanding than the ones taking place in the AD-Target

Simulations & Experiment show very good agreement. Failure models have been benchmarked.

Ir W

  • M. Calviani, EN-STI-TCD material R&D, 13.09.2017, CERN
slide-9
SLIDE 9

HRMT-27 PIE Activities: UT + Metallographic Characterization

UT scan for the amplitude of back wall echo of the W-La2 target (Upside)

UT Tungsten

  • No back wall

echo

  • Cracks!

UT Tantalum

  • Back wall

echo

  • No cracks!

Microindentation Nanoindentation

Ta X100

Optical + SEM

Micromechanical Tests?

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

9

SEM observations

slide-10
SLIDE 10

2017 BLIP Run

  • Materials:
  • Ir, TZM, CuCrZr, Si
  • Also: Graphite, Be, Ti alloys,

Al, SiC-coated C

  • PIE (2018):
  • Mechanical testing
  • Microstructural

characterization

  • Thermal evaluation
  • Participants:
  • BNL, PNNL, FRIB, ESS,

CERN, JPARC, STFC, Oxford, LANL

  • Complement long-term radiation damage effects on

materials used for targets (AD-target, BDF), dump/absorbers applications and graphite

  • Study of evolution of deformation and fracture for

irradiated materials at different temperatures for future targets and dump application

  • Assess bulk mechanical properties of irradiated materials
  • 4-points bending test  800°C + Micro observations

Objective & Mean

  • Re-design of new irradiation capsule in order to

accommodate samples, optimize e-beam welding and vacuum inside the capsule

  • Experiment preparation (fabrication, assembly, etc.)

CERN Objectives

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

10

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Capsules preparation and design

  • CERN SPS internal dump (Si)
  • KEK muon production target

material (SiC-coated graphite)

  • Vacuum atmosphere
  • Tpeak ~ 240 °C

Si bend specimens SiC-coated graphite discs Expanded graphite

Silicon Capsule (CERN, KEK)

TZM, Ir and CuCrZr bend specimens Flexible graphite

  • SPS internal dump (CuCrZr), AD

& BDF targets (Ir, TZM)

  • Vacuum atmosphere,
  • Tpeak ~ 860 °C
  • 2 weeks of irradiation

High-Z Capsule (CERN)

Pins to lock samples position Window integrated with frame E-beam welding of frames “Lips” + fine gaps to accommodate deformation

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

11

Capsule + Cover --˃ “Male Female” concept Improvement --˃ 1 weld --˃ less deformation, prevent leak, etc.

slide-12
SLIDE 12

BLIP FLUKA DPA and Gas Production

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

12

J P. Espadanal , V. Vlachoudis, CERN, 21.09.2017 High-Z Capsule (POT 1.03E+21) Material Thickness (mm) Peak DPA H appm/DPA He appm/DPA TZM 0.5 0.15 987 227 CuCrZr 0.5 0.19 659 195 Ir 0.5 0.35 391 85 Graphite 0.85 0.1 0.04 1576 1206 CAP SS316 0.3 0.20 610 149

Energy threshold for DPA

  • 40 eV for Ir
  • 40 eV for CuCrZr
  • 60 eV for TZM
  • 15 eV for Graph 085
  • 40 eV Stainless Steel
  • 25 eV for Si
  • 24 eV for SiC
  • 30 eV for Graph 182
  • 20 eV for Graph 100

Capsule Si (POT 1.76E+21) Material Thickness (mm) Peak DPA H appm/DPA He appm/DPA Si 2.0 0.18 375 181 SiC 0.2 0.10 713 467 Graphite 1.82 0.8 0.03 2229 2481

  • Exp. Graph. 1

2.0 0.04 2430 2861 CAP SS316 0.3 0.32 655 194

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Thermal Analysis – High-Z Capsule

  • C. Torregrosa, CERN

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

13

CuCrZr TZM Ir SS

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 T (°C) x (mm)

High-Z Capsule Temperature

w/o PGS

  • Tcc_ss_Cu = 450 W/m2K
  • Tcc_Cu_TZM = 330 W/m2K
  • Tcc_TZM_Ir = 370 W/m2K
  • Tcc_Ir_ss = 450 W/m2K

SS CuCrZr TZM Iridium SS

737 °C 1143 °C 1010 °C 101 °C

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Thermal Analysis – High-Z Capsule: PGS Improvement

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

14 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 T (°C) x (mm)

High-Z Capsule Temperature

w/o PGS

SS Gr. TZM Iridium SS

Panasonic CuCrZr TZM Ir SS

CuCrZr

  • Tcc_ss_Pana= 5000 W/m2K
  • Tcc_Pana_Cu = 5000 W/m2K
  • Tcc_Cu_TZM = 330 W/m2K
  • Tcc_TZM_Ir = 370 W/m2K
  • Tcc_Ir_ss = 450 W/m2K

Soft Pyrolytic Graphite Sheet (PGS)

  • -˃ Flexible

Graphite (compressible) High Thermal conductivity 700 W/mK Low Thermal conductivity 15 W/mK

A close adherence makes the product fit into the uneven part and enhance the performance.

234 °C 823 °C 859 °C 101 °C

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 T (°C) x (mm)

High-Z Capsule Temperature

w PGS w/o PGS

slide-15
SLIDE 15

BLIP Structural Analysis – High-Z Capsule

Low Stresses at welding 70 MPa

VM Stresses samples 120-280 MPa Normal Stress samples (pressure between contacts) Water pressure 0.2 MPa

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

15

  • C. Torregrosa, CERN
slide-16
SLIDE 16

Thermal Analysis – Si Capsule

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

16

Remaining gap Graph/SiC –Filler: 94 um Max T Si samples: 216 ºC Max T Graph/SiC: 216 ºC Max T Sigraflex: 193 ºC Max T SS window: 71 ºC

Temperatures

SS Flexible graphite

Thermal Expansions:

Initial lateral gaps Samples-Fillers = 0.1 mm Initial lateral gap Fillers-SS capsule = 0.2 mm

*Assumed TCC in Back-up slides Remaining gap Si samples – Si Filler: 80 um Remaining Fillers– SS Capsule: 200 um (remains the same) Max HF SS window-Water: 28 W/cm2 Si samples SS

Graph/SiC samples

T profile at the center of the capsule

slide-17
SLIDE 17

High-Z Capsule Preparation I

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

17

High-Z Capsule

slide-18
SLIDE 18

High-Z Capsule Preparation II

New Design Old Design CERN capsule Two welded windows

 E-beam welding checked (small deformation)  Leak tight test checked

Silicon Capsule

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

18

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Encountered problems

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

19

  • Deformation during machining (necessity of a tool to pull down the window).
  • Thin capsule of 2.21 mm thickness led to 2 mm of deformation (allowed 0.2 mm) with first

prototype.

  • We attributed the deformation of the piece after FE welding to four main factors.

1. The gap between the pieces was too large and by welding "it pulls" too much on the pieces.

  • Solution: We reduced the gap to a tolerance H6g6 to the diameter. This

represents a gap between 10 to 48 microns to the diameter 65 mm. 2. The FE welding thickness was consequent

  • Solution: The reduction of the gap in 1 allows a reduction in the FE welding
  • thickness. Welding on 0.3 mm thickness (instead of values > 0.5 before).

3. The FE welding pulled on piece and deformed it

  • Solution: We machined grooves next to the welding in order to create a lip, which

deformed at the place of the piece. The lips are 0.5 mm wide and 1.2 mm deep. 4. The process of stress relief annealing was omitted.

  • Solution: Pieces are stress relieved before the final machining.
  • In parallel production of “two windows” version as plan B

Machining Assembly Final deformation

Successful measures! Resulted in deformations less than 0.08 mm

slide-20
SLIDE 20

PIE @ PNNL – Mechanical and Thermal Properties

  • Mean: assess bulk mechanical properties of irradiated materials
  • PIE: 4 point-bending mechanical tests at several temperatures (up

to 800°C, ASTM E-1820 and ASTM E-399 as guideline for fixture design) + Optical and SEM microscopy

  • Material & Samples:
  • Iridium, TZM, CuCrZr: 40 samples each (20x2x0.5 mm)
  • Silicon: 40 samples (40x2x1 mm)
  • Parallel tests at CERN for non-irradiated ones
  • Timeline: S1 2018
  • Thermal diffusivity (), specific heat (cp), density ()

 Thermal Conductivity (k = cp)

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

20

  • D. Senor, PNNL, 22.09.2017
slide-21
SLIDE 21

CERN BLIP Run 2

0.3 0.1 0.5 1.5 1 1.5 0.1 0.3

Flexible Gr. Ta-2.5W Mo-CFC Mono-Si Mo-MoGr. Flexible Gr.

Materials:

  • TaW (2.5%)
  • Used as cladding material for BDF target

(cladding for TZM and W blocks)

  • Max. T. 230°C, VM 90 MPa
  • Mo-coated CFC & Mo-coated MoGr.
  • CFC used as absorbing material in primary and

secondary collimators

  • Objective: reduce electrical resistivity for

collimators as main contributors to LHC impedance budget

  • Test: Mo adherence on CFC vs MoGr.
  • Max. T. 250°C
  • Monocrystalline Silicon
  • Used for crystal collimation

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

21

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Summary

Take-Home Message:

22.09.2017

  • E. Fornasiere - CERN BLIP High-Z & Si capsule and BLIP run 2

NBI2017 + 4th RaDIATE Meeting, Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki, Japan, Sept. 18th – 22nd 2017

22

  • All high intensity, high energy accelerator facilities with significant POT are exposed to a degradation of the

microstructure which effects are in a change of the mechanical properties

  • For the AD-Target, this degradation has two main origins:

1. Stress waves as a consequence of the sudden increase of temperature in the target material after each pulse 2. On the long term, radiation damage

  • The main goal of HRMT-27 is to recreate equivalent stress waves conditions as the ones reached in the AD-target core

and detailed study PIE of targets from HRMT27 will show the main effects of dynamics and stress waves in material failure mode.

  • The BLIP run has for objective to complement long-term radiation damage effects on materials used for targets (AD-

target, BDF) and dump application.

  • A re-design of a new irradiation capsule in order to accommodate samples, optimize e-beam welding and vacuum inside

the capsule has been successfully achieved and two capsules (high-Z and Si) have been successfully irradiated at BNL.

  • PIE of irradiated samples are foreseen to be realized in the near future at PNNL
  • A CERN BLIP run 2 Capsule is under production for next BLIP irradiation campaign.
slide-23
SLIDE 23

Thank you for your attention!

Elvis Fornasiere

PhD Student @ CERN – EN-STI-TCD elvis.fornasiere@cern.ch

Acknowledgements:

  • M. Calviani, P. Spätig, A. Perillo-Marcone, D. Grenier, E. Grenier-Boley, J.-R.

Poujol, D. Horvath, C. Torregrosa, M. Timmins, R. Ferriere, A. Perez, J.-P. Rigaud,

  • T. Tardy, L. Prever-Loiri, P. Frichot, J.-M. Geisser, S. Sgobba, L. Gomez.