SLIDE 1 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Anno unc e me nts
- Due da te fo r Pro je c t 2B wa s no o n
to da y
f yo u ha ve n't a lre a dy use d it, yo u ma y use the 1-1-1 rule : ma y use the 1 1 1 rule :
∗ One pro je c t pa rt
- One da y la te
- One da y la te
–Onc e during the q ua rte r
SLIDE 2 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Anno unc e me nts
- Quiz is c a nc e le d this we e k
- E
xtra -Cre dit usa b ility study E xtra Cre dit usa b ility study
∗ Ja y will b e c o nta c ting yo u ne xt we e k
SLIDE 3 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Anno unc e me nts
Awar ded by Catalyst Awar ded by T As T
Possible with XC Assignment R egular E xtr a Cr edit T
Quiz R egular E xtr a Cr edit
L a b s 5/ 6 36
36
4
40
L a b s 7/ 8 24
24 24
L a b s 7/ 8 pa rt 2 6
6
10 10
26
Pro je c t 2A 30
30
20
50
Pro je c t 2A 30
30
20
50
Pro je c t 2B 50 5
55
50 5
110
L a b 9 12
12
8 6
26
SLIDE 4 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Anno unc e me nts
∗ T
a lk to yo ur T A first T a lk to yo ur T A first
∗ T
a lk to me se c o nd
SLIDE 5
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Co mpute r Ba sic s Co mpute r Ba sic s
Co ntinue d
SLIDE 6 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
F e tc h/ E xe c ute Cyc le
9-6
SLIDE 7 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
9-7
SLIDE 8 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
So ftwa re
- A c o mpute r's vie w o f so ftwa re
∗ Se e s binary o bje c t file , a lo ng se q ue nc e o f
4 b t d (0' d 1' ) 4-b yte wo rds (0's a nd 1's)
Alt ti f f hi l i
∗ Alte rna tive fo rm o f ma c hine la ng ua g e using
le tte rs a nd no rma l numb e rs so pe o ple c a n unde rsta nd it
∗ Co mpute r sc a ns a sse mb le c o de , a s it
e nc o unte rs wo rds it lo o ks the m up in a ta b le to c o nve rt to b ina ry, c o nve rts numb e rs to
9-8
to c o nve rt to b ina ry, c o nve rts numb e rs to b ina ry, the n a sse mb le s the b ina ry pie c e s into a n instruc tio n
SLIDE 9 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
9-9
SLIDE 10 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Ope ra ting Syste ms
- Ba sic o pe ra tio ns tha t a re ne c e ssa ry fo r
the e ffe c tive use o f c o mpute r, b ut a re no t b uilt into the ha rdwa re no t b uilt into the ha rdwa re
hre e mo st wide ly use d Ope ra ting Syste ms: Syste ms:
∗ Mic ro so ft Windo ws ∗ Apple 's Ma c OS X
Apple s Ma c OS X
∗ Unix / L
inux
- OS pe rfo rms b o o ting , me mo ry
9-10
OS pe rfo rms b o o ting , me mo ry ma na g e me nt, de vic e ma na g e me nt, I nte rne t c o nne c tio n, file ma na g e me nt
SLIDE 11 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Pro g ra mming
- Pro g ra mme rs b uild o n pre vio usly
de ve lo pe d so ftwa re to ma ke the ir p jo b s e a sie r
xa mple : GUI So ftwa re E xa mple : GUI So ftwa re
∗ F
ra me a ro und windo w, slide r b a rs, b utto ns, po inte rs, e tc a re pa c ka g e d b utto ns, po inte rs, e tc . a re pa c ka g e d fo r pro g ra mme rs a nd g ive n with OS
9-11
SLIDE 12 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
I nte g ra te d Circ uits
∗ Clo c k spe e ds a re so hig h b e c a use
Clo c k spe e ds a re so hig h b e c a use pro c e sso r c hips a re so tiny
le c tric a l sig na ls c a n tra ve l a b o ut 1 fo o t in a na no se c o nd
9-12
SLIDE 13 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
I nte g ra te d Circ uits
∗ Printing pro c e ss ∗ Printing pro c e ss
nste a d o f ha nd-wiring c irc uits to g e the r, pho to g ra ph wha t is wa nte d a nd e tc h pho to g ra ph wha t is wa nte d a nd e tc h a wa y the spa c e s
∗ Re g a rdle ss o f ho w c o mplic a te d the
g p wiring , c o st a nd a mo unt o f wo rk a re the sa me
9-13
SLIDE 14 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
9-14
SLIDE 15 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
9-15
SLIDE 16 Ho w Se mi-Co nduc to r
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Ho w Se mi Co nduc to r T e c hno lo g y Wo rks
nte g ra tio n:
∗ Ac tive c o mpo ne nts a nd the wire s tha t
t th ll d t th f i il c o nne c t the m a re a ll ma de to g e the r o f simila r ma te ria ls in a sing le pro c e ss
∗ Sa ve s spa c e a nd pro duc e s mo no lithic pa rt fo r
Sa ve s spa c e a nd pro duc e s mo no lithic pa rt fo r the who le syste m, whic h is mo re re lia b le
- Silic o n is a se mi-c o nduc to r—so me time s it
c o nduc ts e le c tric ity, so me time s no t
∗ Ab ility to c o ntro l whe n se mi-c o nduc to r
d t i th i t l i t
9-16
c o nduc ts is the ma in to o l in c o mpute r c o nstruc tio n
SLIDE 17 T he On-Ag a in Off-Ag a in
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
T he On Ag a in, Off Ag a in Be ha vio r o f Silic o n
- A c irc uit is se t to c o mpute x a nd y fo r a ny
lo g ic a l va lue s x a nd y
f x is true , the x c irc uit c o nduc ts e le c tric ity a nd a sig na l pa sse s to the o the r e nd o f g p the wire ; if x is fa lse , no sig na l pa sse s
Logic gates
Sa me pro c e ss fo r y
f b o th c irc uits c o nduc t, x a nd y a re true — lo g ic a l AND ha s b e e n c o mpute d
9-17
lo g ic a l AND ha s b e e n c o mpute d
SLIDE 18 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
9-18
SLIDE 19 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Co mb ining the se I de a s
1.Sta rt with info rma tio n pro c e ssing ta sk 2.T a sk is pe rfo rme d b y a pplic a tio n, 2.T a sk is pe rfo rme d b y a pplic a tio n, imple me nte d a s pa rt o f a la rg e pro g ra m in a hig h-le ve l la ng ua g e like C o r Ja va 3.Pro g ra m pe rfo rms spe c ific o pe ra tio ns; sta nda rd o pe ra tio ns like print o r sa ve a re d b OS do ne b y OS
9-19
SLIDE 20 Co mb ining the se I de a s
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Co mb ining the se I de a s (c o nt'd)
4.Pro g ra m's c o mma nds a re c o mpile d into a sse mb ly la ng ua g e instruc tio ns 5.Asse mb ly instruc tio ns a re tra nsla te d into b ina ry c o de 6.Bina ry instruc tio ns a re sto re d o n ha rd disk (se c o nda ry me mo ry) 7.Applic a tio n instruc tio ns mo ve into RAM (prima ry me mo ry)
9-20
SLIDE 21 Co mb ining the se I de a s
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Co mb ining the se I de a s (c o nt'd)
e tc h/ E xe c ute Cyc le e xe c ute s the instruc tio ns
- 9. All the c o mpute r's instruc tio ns a re
pe rfo rme d b y the AL U c irc uits, using the tra nsisto r mo de l pre vio usly de sc rib e d tra nsisto r mo de l pre vio usly de sc rib e d, unde r the c o ntro l o f the Co ntro l Unit
9-21
SLIDE 22 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Quic k Write
- Cle a r yo ur de sks e xc e pt fo r a pe n
- Put a wa y
Put a wa y
∗ Bo o ks, no te b o o ks, b a c kpa c ks, e tc . ∗ Pho ne s la pto ps pda 's e tc ∗ Pho ne s, la pto ps, pda s, e tc .
- No ta lking —e xc e pt to the T
A o r instruc to r if yo u do n't unde rsta nd the instruc to r if yo u do n't unde rsta nd the q ue stio n
- Yo u will ha ve five minute s
SLIDE 23
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Da ta Da ta
S to rage , T ransfe r, and Re trie val and Ke e ping Yo ur Private p g I nfo rmatio n Private
SLIDE 24 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Unit I I I : Da ta
∗ F
- rma t—physic a l a nd lo g ic a l
F
physic a l a nd lo g ic a l
∗ Ge tting just the info rma tio n yo u ne e d ∗ Ge tting just the info rma tio n yo u ne e d
ra nsfe r
B t l d t t
∗ Be twe e n pe o ple , de pa rtme nts,
M di d h t d t b XML
∗ Me dia —spre a dshe e ts, da ta b a se s, XML
SLIDE 25 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
T e st Yo ur T e c h
A spre a d she e t:
- A. Only ha ppe ns o n la undry da y.
- A. Only ha ppe ns o n la undry da y.
- B. I
s c o ve re d with fo o d during ho lida y me a ls.
- C. He lps a nswe r "wha t-if" q ue stio ns.
25
SLIDE 26 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
T e st Yo ur T e c h
A spre a d she e t:
- A. Only ha ppe ns o n la undry da y.
- A. Only ha ppe ns o n la undry da y.
- B. I
s c o ve re d with fo o d during ho lida y me a ls.
- C. He lps a nswe r "wha t-if" q ue stio ns.
26
SLIDE 27
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Spre a dshe e ts Spre a dshe e ts
S pre adshe e ts are a po we rful abstrac tio n fo r o rganizing data g g and c o mputatio n
SLIDE 28 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
An Arra y o f Ce lls
A spre a dshe e t is a 2-dime nsio na l a rra y
- f c e lls…it’ s 3D with multiple c e lls
p
he ide a is tha t the ro ws o r c o lumns re pre se nt a c o mmo n type o f da ta p yp
he y will b e o pe ra te d o n simila rly, so tha t’ s e a sy to do ddi d t f th t
- Adding mo re da ta o f the sa me type
me a ns a dding mo re ro ws o r c o lumns
- Ofte n spre a dshe e ts c o nta in numb e rs b ut
Ofte n spre a dshe e ts c o nta in numb e rs, b ut te xt-o nly spre a dshe e ts a re use ful, to o
SLIDE 29 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
L
de a s
Spre a dshe e ts a re no t so unusua l
he po sitio n (ro w/ c o lumn) na me s the da ta , a s p ( ) with me mo ry lo c a tio ns, va ria b le s, fo rms, e tc .
- Ope ra ting o n a ll e le me nts o f a c o lumn (o r
ro w) is a n ite ra tio n tho ug h no t usua lly a WF I ro w) is a n ite ra tio n, tho ug h no t usua lly a WF I
- Se tting a c e ll to a fo rmula is a n (une va lua te d)
assignme nt state me nt with c e lls a s va ria b le s g
he fo rmula is a n e xpre ssio n
unc tio ns a re b uilt-in e xpre ssio ns T hink o f spre a dshe e ts a s a ha ndie r inte rfa c e fo r c o mputing tha n Ja va Sc ript
SLIDE 30
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
F a milia r T e rmino lo g y
c o lumn he a ding fo rmula c o lumn he a ding c o lumn na me re fe re nc e d ro w na me re fe re nc e d c e ll E 2 c e ll
SLIDE 31 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
F
T he da ta in a spre a dshe e t c a n b e ma nipula te d using fo rmula s p g
T he va lue in D2 (se le c te d c e ll) is the va lue in B2 time s 0.621…the re sult is sho wn b ut the c e ll ha s the fo rmula .
SLIDE 32 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Apply F
T he da ta in a spre a dshe e t c a n b e ma nipula te d using fo rmula s p g
No tic e the fo rmula .
SLIDE 33 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
F illing Re plic a te s F
F ill is a spre a dshe e t sho rtc ut fo r c o py- a nd-pa ste . p
F ill ta b I t’ s ma g ic !
- Gra b the fill ta b a nd pull in the
- dire c tio n to b e pa ste d.
SLIDE 34 Re la tive & Ab so lute
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Re la tive & Ab so lute Addre ssing
- Re fe re nc e s to c e lls ha ppe ns in two
wa ys: Re la tive a nd Ab so lute (with $) y ( $)
2 re la tive c o lumn, re la tive ro w
$2 re la tive c o lumn, a b so lute ro w F $2 re la tive c o lumn, a b so lute ro w
2 a b so lute c o lumn, re la tive ro w
$2 a b so lute c o lumn a b so lute ro w $F $2 a b so lute c o lumn, a b so lute ro w
Re la tive re fe re nc e s c ha ng e whe n pa ste d/ fille d; a b so lute re fe re nc e s pa ste d/ fille d; a b so lute re fe re nc e s do no t!
Yo ur inte nt de te rmine s whic h to pic k.
SLIDE 35
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
A Po we rful T ra nsla tio n
∗ T
he g ra phic sho ws the e q ua tio ns in the
∗ T
he g ra phic sho ws the e q ua tio ns in the c e lls with the tra nsla tio n:
∗ T
he ro w c ha ng e s g o ing do wn b ut the T he ro w c ha ng e s g o ing do wn b ut the c o lumn do e sn’ t.
SLIDE 36 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
An E xa mple
Cre a ting a disc o unt ta b le is c a se o f using b o th re la tive a nd a b so lute re fs
Co nside r sto re c re dit o f $1 pe r $10 spe nt
- Co nside r sto re c re dit o f $1 pe r $10 spe nt
- $3 sto re c re dit fo r e ve ry 2 CDs (1 e a rns $1)
A c e ll is b a se d o n first c o lumn to p ro w da ta in that ro w A c e ll is b a se d o n first c o lumn, to p ro w da ta in that ro w
and c o lumn…must mix re la tive a nd a b so lute
re fe re nc e s
SLIDE 37 FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
Se rie s
- Ano the r ha ndy pro pe rty o f fill is tha t
it c a n ma ke a se rie s b a se d o n c o nsta nts
ill Sunda y => Mo nda y, T ue sda y, We d… y y y
ill 22 F e b => 23 F e b , 24 F e b , 25 F e b …
g y
- Se rie s fill will e ve n c o unt using a c o nsta nt
- Co unting b y o dd size s: g ive 1st two ite ms
SLIDE 38
FIT100 FIT100 FIT100
De mo
