Anno unc e me nts FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 Quiz c a nc e le d fo r - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Anno unc e me nts FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Quiz c a nc e le d fo r this we e k

Anno unc e me nts FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Quic k Write this we e k o n Priva c y ∗ (F (F irst ha lf o f c ha pte r 13 in F irst ha lf o f c ha pte r 13 in F lue nc y ) lue nc y )

FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 A T A T a b le with a Vie w a b le with a Vie w Data S to rag e and T ransfe r with XML and Database s

Diffe re nc e s Be twe e n T Diffe re nc e s Be twe e n T a b le s a nd a b le s a nd Da ta b a se s FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Whe n we think o f da ta b a se s, we o fte n think i f f i o f ta b le s o f info rma tio n • Co mpa ring T C i T b l a b le s ∗ Da ta b a se ta b le s • Me ta da ta ta g ide ntifying e a c h o f the da ta fie lds • Me ta da ta ta g ide ntifying e a c h o f the da ta fie lds ∗ Spre a dshe e t ta b le s • Re ly o n po sitio n to ke e p the inte g rity o f the ir da ta ∗ HT ML ta b le s • Da ta a s ta b le e ntrie s with no uniq ue ide ntity a t a ll • Co nc e rne d o nly with ho w to displa y the da ta no t with • Co nc e rne d o nly with ho w to displa y the da ta , no t with its me a ning 16-4

T he Da ta b a se Adva nta g e FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Me ta da ta is ke y a dva nta g e o f da ta b a se s o ve r o the r syste ms y re c o rding da ta a s ta b le s • T T wo o f the mo st impo rta nt ro le s in wo o f the mo st impo rta nt ro le s in de fining me ta da ta ∗ I ∗ I de ntify the type o f da ta with a uniq ue de ntify the type o f da ta with a uniq ue ta g ∗ De fine the re la tio nships o f the da ta ∗ De fine the re la tio nships o f the da ta 16-5

XML XML : A L : A L a ng ua g e fo r a ng ua g e fo r Me ta da ta T a g s FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • E xte nsib le Ma rkup L a ng ua g e ∗ T T a g g ing sc he me simila r to XHT a g g ing sc he me simila r to XHT ML ML ∗ No sta nda rd ta g s to le a rn • Se lf-de sc rib ing , think up the ta g s yo u ne e d g , p g y ∗ Wo rks we ll with b ro wse rs a nd We b - b a se d a pplic a tio ns pp ∗ Use a simple te xt e dito r ∗ XML ta g na me s c a nno t c o nta in spa c e s g p 16-6

FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 E xte nsib le M a rkup L a ng ua g e XML XML

An E xa mple fro m T a hiti FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Are a in km 2 fo r T a hiti & ne ig hb o ring isla nds 16-8

An E An E xa mple fro m T xa mple fro m T a hiti a hiti (c o nt'd) FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • F irst line <? xml ve rsio n="1.0" e nc o ding ="I ? xml ve rsio n 1.0 e nc o ding I SO-8859- SO 8859 1" ? > • F F ile sho uld b e ASCI ile sho uld b e ASCI I I te xt te xt • F ile e xte nsio n sho uld b e .xml 16-9

FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 16-10

E xpa nding Use o f XML FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Co mb ine e nc o ding s o f two a rc hipe la g o s – the Windwa rd a nd the Ga la pa g o s I sla nds • Ro o t e le me nt is the ta g tha t e nc lo se s a ll o f the c o nte nt o f the XML f th t t f th XML fil file ∗ <a rc hipe la g o > in F ig . 16.1 ∗ <g e o fe a ture > in F ∗ <g e o _fe a ture > in F ig 16 2 ig . 16.2 • I nde nting fo r re a da b ility a nd struc ture 16-11

FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 16-12

Attrib ute s in XML FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Use a ttrib ute s fo r a dditio na l me ta da ta , no t fo r a dditio na l , c o nte nt ∗ No t g o o d, na me is c o nte nt: No t g o o d, na me is c o nte nt: <a rc hipe la g o na me ="Ga la pa g o s"> ∗ Be tte r to g ive a lte rna te fo rm o f the da ta <a _na me a c c e nts="Ga l&a a c ute ;pa g o s">Ga la pa g o s</ a _na me > 16-13

E E ffe c tive ffe c tive De sig n with XML T a g s FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • I de ntific a tio n Rule : L a b e l Da ta with T a g s Co nsiste ntly g y ∗ Yo u c a n c ho o se wha te ve r ta g na me s yo u with to na me da ta , b ut o nc e y yo u've de c ide d o n a ta g fo r a pa rtic ula r kind o f da ta , yo u must a lwa ys surro und it with tha t ta g . l d it ith th t t 16-14

E E ffe c tive De sig n with XML ffe c tive De sig n with XML T T a g s a g s (c o nt'd) FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Affinity Rule : Gro up Re la te d Da ta ∗ E nc lo se in a pa ir o f ta g s a ll ta g g e d da ta re fe rring to the sa me e ntity. Gro uping it ke e ps it a ll t th tit G i it k it ll to g e the r, b ut the ide a is muc h mo re funda me nta l: Gro uping ma ke s a n a sso c ia tio n o f the ta g g e d da ta ite ms a s b e ing re la te d to e a c h o the r, pro pe rtie s o f the sa me thing . ∗ Gro ups to g e the r da ta fo r a sing le thing ∗ Gro ups to g e the r da ta fo r a sing le thing – a n a n isla nd • Asso c ia tio n is a mo ng pro pe rtie s o f a n o b je c t 16-15

E E ffe c tive De sig n with XML ffe c tive De sig n with XML T T a g s a g s (c o nt'd) FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Co lle c tio n Rule : Gro up Re la te d I nsta nc e s ∗ Whe n yo u ha ve se ve ra l insta nc e s o f the sa me kind o f da ta , e nc lo se the m in ta g s; a g a in, it ke e ps ki d f d t l th i t i it k the m to g e the r a nd implie s tha t the y a re re la te d b y b e ing insta nc e s o f the sa me type . ∗ Gro ups to g e the r da ta o f se ve ra l insta nc e o f the sa me thing – isla nds • Asso c ia tio n is a mo ng the o b je c ts the mse lve s (e ntitie s) Asso c ia tio n is a mo ng the o b je c ts the mse lve s (e ntitie s) 16-16

T he XML T re e FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • XML e nc o ding s o f info rma tio n pro duc e hie ra rc hic a l de sc riptio ns p p tha t c a n b e tho ug ht o f a s tre e s ∗ Hie ra rc hy a c o nse q ue nc e o f ho w ta g s Hie ra rc hy a c o nse q ue nc e o f ho w ta g s e nc lo se o ne a no the r a nd the da ta 16-17

FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 16-18

FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 DA T DA T A BA SES A BA SES

Wha t is a Da ta b a se FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Any o rg a nize d c o lle c tio n o f da ta • A c o lle c tio n o f simila r da ta A c o lle c tio n o f simila r da ta • E xa mple s o f da ta b a se s: ∗ T T l e le pho ne b o o k white pa g e s h b k hit ∗ T .V. Guide ∗ Airline re se rva tio n syste m Ai li ti t ∗ Mo to r ve hic le re g istra tio n re c o rds ∗ Pa pe rs in yo ur filing c a b ine t ∗ F ile s o n yo ur c o mpute r ha rd drive

Da ta | I nfo rma tio n | K no wle dg e FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • Da ta ∗ Ca n b e de fine d in ma ny wa ys ∗ I S de fine s da ta a s unpro c e sse d info rma tio n • I nfo rma tio n ∗ Da ta tha t ha ve b e e n o rg a nize d a nd c o mmunic a te d in a Da ta tha t ha ve b e e n o rg a nize d a nd c o mmunic a te d in a c o he re nt a nd me a ning ful ma nne r • K no wle dg e ∗ K K no wle dg e —info rma tio n e va lua te d a nd o rg a nize d so tha t l d i f ti l t d d i d th t it c a n b e use d purpo se fully Data is converted into information, and information is converted into knowledge

Da ta vs. I nfo rma tio n FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • We c o lle c t da ta • I I nfo rma tio n is ha rve ste d fro m da ta nfo rma tio n is ha rve ste d fro m da ta • Ma ny c o mpa nie s a re g o o d a t c o lle c ting M i d t ll ti da ta • F • F e we r a re g o o d a t ha rve sting info rma tio n e we r a re g o o d a t ha rve sting info rma tio n

Ultima te Purpo se o f a Da ta b a se Ultima te Purpo se o f a Da ta b a se Ma na g e me nt Syste m (DBMS) FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 To transform To transform Data Action Information Knowledge

Why do we ne e d a y da ta b a se ? FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 • K e e p re c o rds o f o ur: ∗ Clie nts ∗ Sta ff ∗ Vo lunte e rs • T T o ke e p a re c o rd o f o ke e p a re c o rd o f a c tivitie s a nd inte rve ntio ns • K e e p sa le s re c o rds • • De ve lo p re po rts De ve lo p re po rts • Pe rfo rm re se a rc h

Da ta b a se T Da ta b a se T e rmino lo g y e rmino lo g y FIT100 FIT100 FIT100 Fields (columns) Phone book: Anderson Thomas A 123 Marine View Dr. 237-1234 Benson Karen C 1300 California Ave 237-1098 Records Casserly Rick W 12492 Rd 19 342-0502 (rows) Drummond Drummond Lynn Lynn M 12059 30th Ave W M 12059 30th Ave W 931 1105 931-1105 Table Field Field • Smallest unit of information in a table Smallest unit of information in a table • First name First name (the columns in a table) • Sometime called “attributes” • Last name • Middle initial • Street address • Phone number(s) Record • All related fields are collectively called All fields for one person are a • record (the rows in a table) a record Table • A collection of records is a data table • Collection of everyone’s records Database Management • All the related tables, queries, data System (DBMS) entry and edit forms, reports, macros and VBA modules constitute a database