CCAMLR s s Approach to Marine Approach to Marine CCAMLR Debris - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CCAMLR CCAMLR’ ’s s Approach to Marine Approach to Marine Debris Management in the Debris Management in the Antarctic Antarctic

Eric Appleyard CCAMLR

CCAMLR CCAMLR C Commission for the

• mmission for the

C Conservation of

• nservation of

A Antarctic ntarctic M Marine arine L Living iving R Resources esources

What is CCAMLR? What is CCAMLR?

• The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic

The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources came into force in 1982 Marine Living Resources came into force in 1982

• Secretariat based in Hobart, Australia

Secretariat based in Hobart, Australia

• 24 Member States and 7 acceding States

24 Member States and 7 acceding States

• Observers from NGOs (FAO, IWC etc.) and

Observers from NGOs (FAO, IWC etc.) and interested non interested non-

• contracting parties also attend the

contracting parties also attend the annual meetings annual meetings

Article II of the Convention Article II of the Convention

• Conservation of Antarctic marine living resources

Conservation of Antarctic marine living resources

• Conservation includes rational use of the resources

Conservation includes rational use of the resources

• Prevention of the decrease in size of any harvested

Prevention of the decrease in size of any harvested population population

• Maintain ecological relationships between

Maintain ecological relationships between harvested, dependent and related populations and harvested, dependent and related populations and to restore depleted populations back to sustainable to restore depleted populations back to sustainable levels levels

• Minimise the risk of harvesting activities on the

Minimise the risk of harvesting activities on the Antarctic marine ecosystem Antarctic marine ecosystem

Fishing in CCAMLR Fishing in CCAMLR

• Large scale trawl fishing for krill in CCAMLR waters

Large scale trawl fishing for krill in CCAMLR waters commenced in the 1970s commenced in the 1970s

Fishing in CCAMLR Fishing in CCAMLR

• By mid 1970 the fishery had expanded to include

By mid 1970 the fishery had expanded to include finfish and had moved further south (South Orkney finfish and had moved further south (South Orkney Islands etc.) Islands etc.)

• Longline

Longline fishing for Patagonian fishing for Patagonian toothfish toothfish commenced in the early 1980s commenced in the early 1980s

• Fishing remained relatively

Fishing remained relatively unrestricted until 1982 when unrestricted until 1982 when the Convention came into force the Convention came into force

Protection of the Antarctic Protection of the Antarctic

• Collection and reporting of marine debris by vessels

Collection and reporting of marine debris by vessels

• Conduct surveys of marine debris on beaches and

Conduct surveys of marine debris on beaches and in seal colonies near coastal stations in seal colonies near coastal stations

• Reporting of entanglement in, or ingestion of,

Reporting of entanglement in, or ingestion of, marine debris by birds, marine mammals, fish and marine debris by birds, marine mammals, fish and

• ther animals
• ther animals
• Requiring that each fishing, research or re

Requiring that each fishing, research or re-

• supply

supply vessel of CCAMLR Flag States be aware of the vessel of CCAMLR Flag States be aware of the procedures for handling and disposing of garbage procedures for handling and disposing of garbage collected on a vessel collected on a vessel

Marine Debris Standard Marine Debris Standard Methods Methods

• In 1993 CCAMLR adopted its first standard method

In 1993 CCAMLR adopted its first standard method for conducting Surveys of Beached Marine Debris for conducting Surveys of Beached Marine Debris

Beach Survey Details Beach Survey Details

• Researcher information

Researcher information

• Beach description

Beach description

– – location (map), substrate type, length of beach surveyed, location (map), substrate type, length of beach surveyed, average slope average slope

• Survey details

Survey details

– – date of last survey, current survey date and duration date of last survey, current survey date and duration

• Description of items found

Description of items found

– – plastic packaging, fishing gear, glass, rubber, metal, paper, plastic packaging, fishing gear, glass, rubber, metal, paper, wood, fabric wood, fabric – – number, weight, size category, country or vessel of origin number, weight, size category, country or vessel of origin

By 2001 the following standard methods had been By 2001 the following standard methods had been adopted adopted

• Marine Debris Associated with Seabird Colonies

Marine Debris Associated with Seabird Colonies

Seabird Colony Survey Details Seabird Colony Survey Details

• Researcher information

Researcher information

• Seabird colony description

Seabird colony description

– – location (map), substrate type, seabird species location (map), substrate type, seabird species

• Location of debris in relation to colony

Location of debris in relation to colony

– – debris in or near nests, in faeces, on or ingested by bird, debris in or near nests, in faeces, on or ingested by bird, regurgitated regurgitated

• Description of items found

Description of items found

– – fishing gear, plastic, bottles/glass, other fishing gear, plastic, bottles/glass, other – – number, weight, size category, country or vessel of origin number, weight, size category, country or vessel of origin

• Marine Mammal Entanglement

Marine Mammal Entanglement

Mammal Entanglement Survey Mammal Entanglement Survey Details Details

• Researcher information

Researcher information

• Location

Location

– – colony description (map), latitude and longitude if at sea or colony description (map), latitude and longitude if at sea or

• utside of a known colony
• utside of a known colony
• Survey details

Survey details

– – date of last survey (or isolated incident), current survey date of last survey (or isolated incident), current survey date and duration, species information (sex, age species) date and duration, species information (sex, age species)

• Description of entanglement

Description of entanglement

– – material, description of the entanglement, severity, was the material, description of the entanglement, severity, was the entangling item able to be removed, survival status entangling item able to be removed, survival status

• Hydrocarbon Soiling

Hydrocarbon Soiling

Hydrocarbon Soiling Survey Hydrocarbon Soiling Survey Details Details

• Researcher information

Researcher information

• Location

Location

– – colony description (map), latitude and longitude if at sea or colony description (map), latitude and longitude if at sea or

• utside of a known colony
• utside of a known colony
• Survey details

Survey details

– – date of last survey (or isolated incident), current survey date of last survey (or isolated incident), current survey date and duration, species information (sex, age species) date and duration, species information (sex, age species)

• Description of soiling

Description of soiling

– – hydrocarbon type, description of the soiling, severity, was hydrocarbon type, description of the soiling, severity, was the soiling able to be removed, survival status the soiling able to be removed, survival status

Cape Shirreff South Shetland Is. Bird Island South Georgia Signy Island South Orkney Is. King George Island South Shetland Is. Westwindstrada Bouvet Island Candlemas & Saunders Is. South Sandwich Is. Port Paraiso Antarctic Peninsula

Beach Surveys Marine Mammal Entanglement Surveys Seabird Colony Surveys Hydrocarbon Soiling Surveys

Debris Composition (%) from Beach Debris Composition (%) from Beach Surveys in the Convention Area Surveys in the Convention Area

packaging wood longline trawl

• ther

Cape Shirreff King George Island Bird Island Signy Island

53 % 32 % 0 % 0 % 15 % 52 % 0 % 10 % 35% 2 % 36 % 57 % 0 % 1 % 6 % 87 % 5 % 1 % 1 % 7 % 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Debris Composition (%) from Marine Debris Composition (%) from Marine Mammal Entanglement Surveys Mammal Entanglement Surveys

F i s h i n g N e t O t h e r P a c k a g i n g B a n d s P l a s t i c B a g s R u b b e r B a n d s R

• p

e Bird Island Signy Island

18 % 29 % 24 % 0 % 0 % 29 % 16 % 7 % 43 % 6 % 2 % 25 %

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Debris Composition (%) from Seabird Colony Debris Composition (%) from Seabird Colony Surveys Surveys

Fishing gear Plastics Bottles Other wandering albatross grey headed albatross black browed albatross

47 % 34 % 8 % 11 % 22 % 56 % 17 % 5 % 68 % 18 % 1 % 13 % 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

What CCAMLR does to reduce What CCAMLR does to reduce marine debris marine debris

• Legally binding Conservation Measures

Legally binding Conservation Measures

– – 10 10-

• 01 Marking of Fishing Gear: all fishing gear such as

01 Marking of Fishing Gear: all fishing gear such as pots, marker buoys, floats etc. must be marked with the pots, marker buoys, floats etc. must be marked with the vessel name, call sign and flag state vessel name, call sign and flag state – – 25 25-

• 01 Regulation of the Use and Disposal of Plastic

01 Regulation of the Use and Disposal of Plastic Packaging Bands on Fishing Vessels Packaging Bands on Fishing Vessels – – 25 25-

• 02 Minimisation of the Incidental Mortality of

02 Minimisation of the Incidental Mortality of Seabirds in the Course of Longline Fishing or Longline Seabirds in the Course of Longline Fishing or Longline Research in the Convention Area Research in the Convention Area – – MARPOL Provisions MARPOL Provisions

CCAMLR Educational CCAMLR Educational Material Material

• Marine debris placard mandatory on all CCAMLR

Marine debris placard mandatory on all CCAMLR vessels vessels

• Marine Debris

Marine Debris – – Potential Potential Threat to Antarctic Marine Threat to Antarctic Marine Animals Animals

– – Distributed to all CCAMLR Distributed to all CCAMLR Members Members

• Posters and mini

Posters and mini-

• posters explaining the

posters explaining the regulations in force regulations in force