March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Cavity Preparation/Assembly Techniques and Impact on Q Realistic Q-factors in a Module, Review of Modules
- P. Kneisel
Jefferson Lab
Cavity Preparation/Assembly Techniques and Impact on Q Realistic - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Cavity Preparation/Assembly Techniques and Impact on Q Realistic Q-factors in a Module, Review of Modules P. Kneisel Jefferson Lab March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab Why Surface Treatment? Damage layer influences cavity Performance 40
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ²² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ²
x x x xx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 5E+8 1E+9 1E+10 5E+10 10 20 30 40 50 60 Qo Epeak [MV/m]
*
31 µm
²
79 µm
x
120 µm
O
230 µm
20 30 40 50 100 150 200 250
Rres [nΩ] Material Removal [µm]
20 30 40 50 60 70 50 100 150 200 250
Epeak [MV/m]
Ma te ria l Re m ova l [µm ]
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Get as close as possible to an ideal surface, achieve fundamental limits of the material: very low Rres , Hcrit ~ 185 mT
Frequency Dependence of Rbcs Tc = 9.2K,l=30 nm, λ=32 nm, ξ=62nm, T=2K
1.0E-10 1.0E-08 2.0E-08 3.0E-08 4.0E-08 5.0E-08 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Frequency [MHz] Rbcs[Ohm]
Q = 2.1e10 10 Q =2.7e10
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Peak surface field
Q0
Low field Q-slope Medium field Q-slope High field Q-drop
Q vs Field for G=270Ω, 2K
1.0E+08 1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 H/Hsh Qo
Theoretical Dependence
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
MV/m (>90 mT)
time ( ~48 hrs) improves the Q-values at lower power and in the Q-drop regime
but is also observed for BCP’d cavities
explanations range from field enhancements at grain boundaries to effects in the metal-oxide interface or weak links at grain boundaries
material plays a role; the depth of the affected zone is several hundred nm
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Buffered Chemical Polished(1:1:1)
CEBAF Single cell cavity Nb/Ta 1162_33/1162_34 Q0 vs. Eacc,
1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Eacc [MV/m] Q0
after baking,120C,40 hrs 1250 C, 100micron,before baking Test#4, 300 micron bcp
Quench
Quench
[B.Visentin,SRF2003]
electropilished
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
(successfully used at DESY on TTF cavities)
(room temperature or below to avoid excessive hydrogen pick- up)
Hydrogen degassing, Post Purification)
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
(W.Singer, X.Singer)
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
R.Geng(2004)
Vertical system for single cells Cornell Implemented and commissioned system in 2003/2004, starting to develop parameters Jlab
CARE 2004- Meeting
Implemented,commissioned and uses system for multi-cell EP CARE: optimizing parameter (Saclay) industrializing/automating (INFN) DESY/ TTF
K.Saito(1991) T.Higuchi,K.Saito (2003)
Developed EP based on Siemens Recipe Successfully applied to Tristan & B- factory cavities Developed Hydrogen –free EP: HNO3 add KEK/ Nomura Plating Reference What has been done/is being done? Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
KEK/Nomura Plating DESY JLab Cornell
11.03.2005 Lutz Lilje DESY -MPY-INFN
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
KEK-System Jlab HPR Cabinet
DESY-System
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
750 C for 3 hrs at KEK
800 C, several hrs
Improvement of RRR Loss of mechanical properties grain growth
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Thermal conductivity of samples from the niobium sheets used in the TESLA cavities: before and after the 1400 ºC heat treatment (RRR = 270 and RRR = 500 respectively)
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 200 400 600 800
RRR Eacc, MV/m
quench pow er limit
Eacc versus RRR of TTF cavities Cavity post purification (solid state gettering)
The heat treatment also homogenize the Nb ( reduction of magnetic flux pinning centers shown by magnetization measurement)
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
(C8F18,C8F16 O) [T.Higuchi,K. Saito SRF 2003]
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
[T.Higuchi, K. Saito, SRF 2003 ]
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
have been made on samples and on single cell cavities
(cleaning effect; avoidance of condensation, mass flow)
completed some time in the autumn of 2005
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
=> investigation of field emission properties + reduction of particles
collaboration with G. Müller, University of Wuppertal, Germany; see SRF Workshop 2001 Optical microscope images before (left) and after (right) dry-ice cleaning of an sample intentionally contaminated with Fe and Cu particles (500x mag) [L.Lilje, CARE Meeting Nov. 2004, DESY]
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Meeting Nov. 2004, DESY]
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
[L.Lilje, CARE Meeting Nov. 2004, DESY] Q(E)-performance of two monocells before (black) and after (red) dry-ice cleaning
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
RMS: 1274 nm fine grain bcp 27 nm single crystal bcp 251 nm fine grain ep
RMS 1274 nm RMS 27 nm
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
rinse
20 µm inside bcp, UHP water rinse HPR, drying in class 10, open, 12 hrs Assembly of auxiliary parts Vacuum leak check of flange connections Venting, dismount pumping flange 1. + 2. HPR(check of particle#, TOC…) Installation of antenna for VTA test No VTA test of bare cavity for SNS
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Horizontal test (Chechia) Inside bcp 20 µm, HPR Drying in class 10 Assembly of auxiliary parts Leak check 1. + 2. HPR, drying in class 10 Assembly of final flange Evacuating, leak check, venting Assembly of power coupler (avoids losing conditioning effect) Horizontal test Vertical test ~ 50 µm bcp, UPW rinsing 2 passes HPR, drying in class10,12 hrs Assembly of auxiliary parts 2 passes HPR, drying in class 10 Final flange/pump-out port assembly Evacuation, leak check Hermetically sealed on test stand Test at 2K
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
After qualification of cavity with He-vessel
Cleaning for string assembly (“dirty” class 10000class 10) Venting of cavity in class 10 Assembly of gate valves, magnets.. “on the job” cleaning of bolted beam pipe flanges necessary Final leak check Venting for transportation to installation in cryostat assembly
After VTA Test(without HOM probes and FPC):
drying in class 10 clean room over night
bellows, gate valves, beam pipe opening closed with Nb plate
days
bellows,
checking
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
The inter-cavity connection is done in class 10 cleanrooms
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Gradient at Qo = 5 x 109
5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20
CMTF Data (MV/m) VTA Data (MV/m)
Medium β Cavities
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Qo at Operating Gradient (10.2 MV/m)
1.E+09 1.E+10 1.E+11 1.E+09 1.E+10 1.E+11
CMTF Data (Qo) VTA Data (Q o)
Medium β Cavities
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Onset of Field Emission
5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20
CMTF Data (MV/m) VTA Data (MV/m)
Medium β Cavities
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Gradient at Qo = 5 x 109
5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25
CMTF Data (MV/m) VTA Data (MV/m)
High β Cavities
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
SNS Cavities
5 10 15 20 25
Oct- 02 Dec- 02 Feb- 03 Apr- 03 Jun- 03 Aug- 03 Oct- 03 Dec- 03 Feb- 04 Apr- 04 Jun- 04 Aug- 04 Oct- 04
Date Gradient (MV/m) Medium beta High beta
Gradient at Qo = 5 x 109
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
SNS Cavities
5 10 15 20 25
Oct- 02 Dec- 02 Feb- 03 Apr- 03 Jun-03 Aug- 03 Oct- 03 Dec- 03 Feb- 04 Apr- 04 Jun-04 Aug- 04 Oct- 04
Date Gradient (MV/m)
Medium beta High beta
Onset of Radiation
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
SNS Cavities
5 10 15 20 25 Oct- 02 Dec- 02 Feb- 03 Apr- 03 Jun- 03 Aug- 03 Oct- 03 Dec- 03 Feb- 04 Apr- 04 Jun- 04 Aug- 04 Oct- 04 Date Gradient (MV/m) Medium Beta High Beta
Maximum Achieved Gradient
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
SNS Cavities
1.0E+08 1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11
Oct- 02 Dec- 02 Feb- 03 Apr- 03 Jun- 03 Aug- 03 Oct- 03 Dec- 03 Feb- 04 Apr- 04 Jun- 04 Aug- 04 Oct- 04
Date Qo Qo at Gradient Specification
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1 2 3 4 Production Series <Eacc> [MV/m]
The First Three Production Series (without electro- polished cavities) TESLA 500 23.4 MV/m
Gradient and gradient spread improved a lot. Nine accelerator modules with 8 cavities each were assembled. 58 different cavities were used for the module assembly. Some cavities were used for a second assembly. Series 1 18.7 ± 7.0 Series 2 22.8 ± 3.1 Series 3 26.0 ± 1.9
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Vertical tests
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
AC70 AC72 AC73 AC78 AC76
Electro-polished Cavities Measured in Vertical Test Accelerating Gradient (MV/m) Unloaded Quality Factor 109 1010 1011 10 20 30 40
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
A State-of-the-art module
In single cavity measurements 6 out of 8 cavities reach 30 MV/m! Equal power feeding <Eacc> = 25 MV/m
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Dark Current vs. RF phase with respect to neighbouring cavities is just as expected (max min) over pi/2 The on-axis dark current was measured for modules ACC4 / ACC5. Only one cavity in module ACC5 produced a mentionable dark current.
measured at the exit of ACC5
at the entrance of ACC4
after module commissioning (August 2003) 100 nA at 16 MV/m increasing by a factor 10 for each 4.4 MV/m gradient step i.e. approx. 10 µA at 25 MV/m May 4th 100 nA at 20 MV/m increasing by a factor 10 for each 3.7 MV/m gradient step, i.e. 1.2 µA at 25 MV/m September 22nd after a few weeks on-time at 20 – 25 MV/m 250 nA at 25 MV/m
Reminder: The TESLA limit is defined by additional cryogenic losses: The captured d.c. has to stay below 50 nA per cavity. (see TESLA Report 2003-10).
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
HG Cavities for Renascence - VTA Performance
1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11 5 10 15 20 25 Gradient (MV/m) Q0 12 GeV Project Spec HG 31 Watts LL 31 Watts OC 31 Watts HG002 HG003 HG004 HG005 HG006 HG001 T= 2.07
HG 31 W LL 31 W OC 31 W 11/8/04 cer
LL Cavities for Renascence - VTA Performance
1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11 5 10 15 20 25
Gradient (MV/m) Q0 12 GeV Project Spec HG 31 Watts LL 31 Watts OC 31 Watts LL001 LL002 LL003 LL004
T= 2.07
HG 31 W LL 31 W OC 31 W 12/2/04 cer
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
http://adweb.desy.de/~weise/:Operational Experience with the TTF Linac
Das Europäische XFEL Projekt http://www.aps.anl.gov/conferences/RFSC-Limits/Presentations.html D.Reschke,”Field Emission Overview ; Cleanliness and Processing” http://lcdev.kek.jp/ILCWS/WG5.php A.Matheisen,”Cavity fabrication and Processing” http://www-bd.fnal.gov/niobium/program.html W.Singer,”Material Properties of High Purity Niobium for SC Cavities”
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
Electrolytic Polishing at DESY
Infrastructure for 9-cell cavities was commissioned with single cell cavities. First 9-cell cavities were successfully treated.
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
1E+09 1E+10 1E+11 10 20 30 40 Eacc [MV/m] Q0
AC55 AC56 AC57 AC58 AC59 AC60 AC61 AC62 AC63 AC64 AC65 AC66 AC67 AC68 AC69 AC79
1011 109 1010 3rd Production - BCP Cavities
Cavity AC 67 has a cold leak which was not located so far. The Q vs. E curve‘s behaviour is due to Helium inside the cavity. 16 cavities with standard treatment AC61 AC63 AC65 AC60 AC62 AC66 AC79 AC77 Used for Module 5
March 18, 2005 ERL 2005, Jefferson Lab
First electro-polished single cell cavities
BCP Surface (1µm roughness) BCP Surface (1µm roughness) 0.5 mm EP Surface (0.1µm roughness) 0.5 mm Electro-polishing (EP) instead of the standard chemical polishing (BCP) eliminates grain boundary steps. The development of this technique is strongly connected to work done by Kenji Saito (KEK). Gradients of 40 MV/m at Q values above 1010 are now reliably achieved in single cells at KEK, DESY/CERN and TJNAF. The highest gradient achieved was 42 MV/m.