Collaborative for the Advancement of the Study of Urbanism through Mixed Media Good “Government” constituted by: CASUMM For more information contact CASUMM at casumm@gmail.com With the support of action Aid India
Good “Government” constituted by: • Municipalized (rather than • Strengthening and Extending para-statal) provision of public health and basic basic services within an education via a upgrading approach. Should municipalized system include street level services • More effective PDS and • Provision of services on an easier processes to obtain occupancy of “as is where is “ration cards” basis” rather than titles as a “pre-condition”. Promote • Replacing Master Planned “Holder” khata development with land • No evictions…if so in the regularization, recognizing rarest of rare cases, than via the value of non-residential a municipalized public land use process • Public review the poverty impacts of “Mega- Infrastructure” projects
“ Bad Government” • Ghettoized uni-income constituted by: housing (city as enclave Urban Renewal (Flyovers, development) � • • • • Mega-project re-developments) • Dis-empowered local Harassment by police and � • • • • politicians and increasing sometimes NGOs too “party politics” Evictions � • • • • • Land markets shaped for Master Planning and big Flooding � • • • • business Lack of clean drinking water / � • • • • • Reducing / less effective poor services leading to sickness PDS Non-resident elite based � • • • • economic settings (rather than local elite in reciprocal relationships)
Consequences of urban renewal : Excerpts from interviews with hawkers ..prior to the flyover construction and the new market complex, they were earning between Rs.150 to Rs. 200 and at times, between Rs. 200 to Rs. 250. This has now reduced to Rs.60 to Rs. 80 per day. Also, the un stability in business is a serious issue. According to one of the hawker leaders: "In the past, for an investment of Rs. 50, I was able to earn a profit of Rs.60 after all the expenses. The bribe to the authorities used to be Rs.2 and 0.50p respectively for the police and the BCC officials. Now the bribes paid are Rs.5 per vendor for one shift a day. Each vendor has to pay for three shifts. This is in addition to the weekly bribes to the Sub inspector. The police increased the daily commission (Mamul) from Rs 5 to Rs.10 arguing that the shopkeepers are paying rent to the corporation which the foot path vendors do not pay. Also, sales are no longer guaranteed. There are days when I return back home with no income. Now if I invest Rs.1000, I earn only Rs 150 after two days ". In the old market, if a fruit hawker invested Rs 500 he would get Rs 100 to Rs. 200 as a net profit.. Today, with an investment of Rs.500, by 11.30 am earned Rs. 50. Out of this he paid Rs.10 to the police and BCC officials . Later in the day there was a police raid and business got disrupted. ( from Benjamin & Bhuvaneswari 2001)
Conceptual issues: Poverty becomes Chronic when E1: Politics of space, locations, systems work against the poor real estate Chronic E: Staking E2: Settlement Poverty in an A: Staking claims in sub-systems Urban (rather than claims and contested Land “slums”) context voice in and Space “Government” Municipal E3: Diversity of Tenure: government as an establishing claims, “accessibly” (rather illegal / legal) institutional arena: via the “Porous D: Shaping the C: Staking Bureaucracy” / “Contemporary” “Politics by claims in an Stealth” Local Society: entrepreneurial D1: Reinterpreting Ethnic grassroots linkages; urban politics : D2: “Flexible” household Voting, Ration B: Staking claims in structures around local cards, operation of Economies: Local alliances vote banks, D3: complex urban and clustering economies, elections, dummy rural, alliances around land livelihoods, economic circuits – candidates, and settlement politics, and urban and rural; influence of liquor local economies (Not (Rather than Informal / Formal) conventional “joint families”)
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