SLIDE 1 California Medium Density Table Olives
Louise Ferguson, Uriel Rosa, Jacqueline Burns, Carlos Crisosto Sergio Castro, Kitren Glozer, Neil O’Connell, Bill Krueger, Soh Min Lee JX Guinard, Karen Klonsky, Elizabeth Fichtner, Paul Vossen, Rich Rosecrance, Peter Kaleko and John Ferguson and Rocky Hill Ranch and Burreson Ranch Bell Carter Olives and Musco Family Olive Company Dave Smith, Erick Nielsen, Dave Loquaci, Phil Scott California Olive Committee
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Traditional Orchards: 96 – 139 t/a
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Hedgerow Orchard #2: 12’ X 18’ = 202 trees/acre
SLIDE 4 What Are the Differences?
- Cultivar: ‘Manzanillo’
- Production Costs and Breakdown
- Spacing
- Yields
- Olive Size = Thinning and Irrigation
- Olive Fly Tolerance
- State of Maturity at Harvest = FRF
- Olive Quality at Delivery
- Disease Susceptibility
- Mechanical Harvesting Technology
SLIDE 5 What Are the Differences?
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California Black Ripe ‘Manzanillo’ Table Olive
SLIDE 7 What Are the Differences?
- Cultivar: ‘Manzanillo’
- Production Costs and Breakdown
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Abscission Program for CA Table Olives
Cost to Produce Table Olives $4,543/acre (2009)
SLIDE 9 What Are the Differences?
- Cultivar: ‘Manzanillo’
- Production Costs and Breakdown
- Spacing
- Yields
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12 Feet 6 Feet 3 feet New Orchards: 12’ X 18 (200+ T/ac)
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SLIDE 12 What Are the Differences?
- Cultivar: ‘Manzanillo’
- Production Costs and Breakdown
- Spacing
- Yields
- Olive Size = Thinning and Irrigation
SLIDE 13 Set fruit: will be an olive
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Heavy Crop Set: if representative of total tree and orchard will produce a heavy crop of small fruit.
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Chemical Thinning of Olives
Removes fruit: changes leaf to fruit ratio = larger fruit
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Fruit Size Method – 1/8 to 3/16 inch
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Preharvest Irrigation
SLIDE 18 What Are the Differences?
- Cultivar: ‘Manzanillo’
- Production Costs and Breakdown
- Spacing
- Yields
- Olive Size = Thinning and Irrigation
- Olive Fly Tolerance
SLIDE 19 No Tolerance!!
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SLIDE 20 What Are the Differences?
- Cultivar: ‘Manzanillo’
- Production Costs and Breakdown
- Spacing
- Yields
- Olive Size = Thinning and Irrigation
- Olive Fly Tolerance
- State of Maturity at Harvest = FRF
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SLIDE 22
Physiologically Immature Fruit: FRF >0.5 Kg
SLIDE 23 Abscission Program for CA Table Olives
Overcome Biological Constraints
Find a selective abscission agent:
- Use model abscission agents as
treatments
- Define seasonal response
- Examine physiological, molecular changes
- Select compounds based on
- metabolic changes
- Focus on naturalcompounds
- Screen available compounds
Incorporate into a mechanical harvesting system:
- Define effective application parameters
- Establish tree architecture criteria
SLIDE 24 What Are the Differences?
- Cultivar: ‘Manzanillo’
- Production Costs and Breakdown
- Spacing
- Yields
- Olive Size = Thinning and Irrigation
- Olive Fly Tolerance
- State of Maturity at Harvest = FRF
- Olive Quality at Delivery
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Hand Harvest 24 hours Machine Harv
SLIDE 29 What Are the Differences?
- Cultivar: ‘Manzanillo’
- Production Costs and Breakdown
- Spacing
- Yields
- Olive Size = Thinning and Irrigation
- Olive Fly Tolerance
- State of Maturity at Harvest = FRF
- Olive Quality at Delivery
- Disease Susceptibility
SLIDE 30 Olive knot, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi , is the most common bacterial disease of
Characteristic symptoms are galls, usually developing
branches.
SLIDE 31 What Are the Differences?
- Cultivar: ‘Manzanillo’
- Production Costs and Breakdown
- Spacing
- Yields
- Olive Size = Thinning and Irrigation
- Olive Fly Tolerance
- State of Maturity at Harvest = FRF
- Olive Quality at Delivery
- Disease Susceptibility
- Mechanical Harvesting Technology
SLIDE 32
“Harvest Method determines the tree training method.” Ricardo Gucci (2009)
SLIDE 33
Hedgerow Orchard #1: 12’ X 26’ = 139 Trees/acre
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12 feet
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6 feet
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Mechanical Pruning Reduces Yield! 3 Feet
SLIDE 37 4/6/11
DSE 006, 007, 008, 2010
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Hedgerow Orchard #2: 12’ X 18’ = 202 trees/acre
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SLIDE 43 Progress from 2006 - 2010
Initial Objectives:
Decrease fruit damage Increase harvester efficiency: Engineering Tree pruning Abscission agent Achieved: Fruit damage eliminated Harvester efficiency < 64%
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Current Objective: 2011
Increase harvester efficiency > 64%: Engineering
Canopy Contact T Trunk Shakers
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Oxbo in Spain: 2011
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Current Objectives: 2011
Increase harvester efficiency > 64%: Pruning before and during harvest: 139 trees/acre hedgerow 202 trees/acre hedgerow
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Hedgerow Orchard #1: 12’ X 26’ = 139 Trees/acre
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Hedgerow Orchard #2: 12’ X 18’ = 202 trees/acre
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Pruning during harvest to increase % removal efficiency
SLIDE 52 Harvester
Tree Training and Pruning ee
Abscission Agent
T
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