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C ons truction and us efulnes s of the s s olar cadas olar cadas tre of the s tre of the s tate of Geneva tate of Geneva Geos Geos patial World F patial World F orum, Geneva, S orum, Geneva, S witzerland witzerland 05.05.14

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SLIDE 1

C

  • ns

truction and us efulnes s

  • f the

s

  • lar cadas

tre of the s tate of Geneva s

  • lar cadas

tre of the s tate of Geneva

Geos patial World F

  • rum, Geneva, S

witzerland Geos patial World F

  • rum, Geneva, S

witzerland 05.05.14

Claudio Carneiro Gilles Desthieux

gilles.desthieux@hesge.ch

Claudio Carneiro

claudio.carneiro@epfl.ch gilles.desthieux@hesge.ch

Eugenio Morello

eugenio.morello@polimi.it

Politecnico di Milano / Laboratorio di Simulazione Urbana

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SLIDE 2
  • Aim of the study
  • S

ynoptic view of the process

  • f solar mapping
  • R

esults

  • f the solar cadastre of Geneva

R esults

  • f the solar cadastre of Geneva
  • S
  • me examples
  • f application for energy planning
  • C
  • nclusions, questions

and perspectives

  • C
  • nclusions, questions

and perspectives

05/05/2014 2 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 3
  • T
  • estimate s
  • lar energy potential at the urban scale (>
  • T
  • estimate s
  • lar energy potential at the urban scale (>

building), based on 3D data of building (GIS ) and image processing (=> automated process).

  • T
  • communicate to everyone the solar potential on the top of
  • T
  • communicate to everyone the solar potential on the top of

his/her building

  • T
  • give solar potential not only on roofs

but also on the

  • T
  • give solar potential not only on roofs

but also on the terrain (to discover other useful objects for solar installation like bike parking)

  • T
  • provide useful support in pre-des

igning s

  • lar collectors
  • T
  • provide useful support in pre-des

igning s

  • lar collectors

05/05/2014 3 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 4

Meteorological data

LIDAR data

S ynopticview of the processof solar mapping

Metenorm

heights

Building of the 2.5-D DSM of the

Solar irradiation computation on roofs processing raster masksScripting language

Production raster

layers (masks) 2.5-D DSM of the urban area

2D&3D- roof/ building

masksScripting language

GIS

(masks)

building footprints

  • 1. Heights

(2.5D-DSM)

  • 2. Roof slope
  • 3. Roof aspect

Pixel size considered in the

Visualization/ indicators

  • 3. Roof aspect
  • 4. Building footprints

Pixel size considered in the

studied area: 0.5m X 0.5m

GIS

Visualization/ indicators (2D and 3 D support) and use of outputs for energy urban planning

Integration of 2D / 3D GIS with image processing techniques image processing techniques

05/05/2014 4 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 5

Area of the State: State: 282 km2

Raster resolution: 50 centimetres

47 tiles of 3 X 3 km

50 centimetres

47 tiles of 3 X 3 km

6 tiles de 1 X 1 km

05/05/2014 5 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 6

05/05/2014 6 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 7

Direct

January June

sunrise

Algorithms from Ratti and Richens (2004)

Sky view factor

sunrise Ratti et Richens (2004) sunset 05/05/2014 7

Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 8

Direct

Sky view factor

Algorithms from

Sky view factor

Algorithms from Ratti and Richens (2004)

05/05/2014 8 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 9

Irradiation outputs (raster format ; resolution: 50 centimetres)

Yearly irradiation Monthly irradiations Yearly irradiation Monthly irradiations

05/05/2014 9 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 10

With and without takinginto account relief shadowing(raster format ; resolution: 50 centimetres)

With Without

Monthof J anuary

With Without

Municipality of Geneva (Veyrier) close to Salève mountain Municipality of Geneva (Veyrier) close to Salève mountain

05/05/2014 10 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 11

Importation of the irradiation results (tile by tile, raster format ; resolution: 50 centimetres) into GIS (tile by tile, raster format ; resolution: 50 centimetres) into GIS

05/05/2014 11 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 12

Irradiation statisticson roofs (vector format) – 2D view

05/05/2014 12 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 13

Irradiation statisticson roofs (vector format) – 3D view

05/05/2014 13 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 14

Application of solar cadastre: energy planning at district level

Total roof area by interval of irradiation

energy planning at district level

Irradiance en kWh/m² an S urface toit

m2

0-100

404

100-200

321

200-300

438

35 40 45

% of roof by interval of irradiation

200-300

438

300-400

663

400-500

1'168

500-600

1'865

600-700

2'635

700-800

4'258

10 15 20 25 30 35

800-900

6'458

900-1000

10'304

1000-1100

16'946

1100-1200

40'314

1200-1300

7'049 >1300 38 5

10

>1300 38 SOMME 92'860

Globally the district is well irradiated through 2/3 roofs collecting an irradiation > 1000 kWh/m² yr kWh/m² yr

05/05/2014 14 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 15

Display of the resultson the official Geneva geoportal

http://etat.geneve.ch/geoportail/infoenergie/

05/05/2014 15 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 16

S

  • me useful examplesfor energy planning

S

  • me useful examplesfor energy planning
  • C
  • ming integration of indicators of s
  • lar energy production
  • C
  • ming integration of indicators of s
  • lar energy production

(technical, financial and environmental indicators)

  • Two kind of target us

e and actor:

  • Two kind of target us

e and actor:

– Energy planning at urban scale – Preliminary data for specialists (energy companies, energy building

consultants, solar panel installers) consultants, solar panel installers)

  • S

pecifications :

– PV: no link with building features, roofs as a support for a renewable PV: no link with building features, roofs as a support for a renewable

energy grid development

– Thermal energy: Integration of solar irradiation with energy needs at

building level (DHW and heating needs) building level (DHW and heating needs)

05/05/2014 16 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 17

Technical, financial and environmental indicators for preliminary PV panel installation

S

  • lar P

V planning for a building

Technical, financial and environmental indicators for preliminary PV panel installation project. Input data from

V ector format:

Input data from

solar cadastre:

  • Area of a given useful roof

V ector format:

three levels of detail …

  • Area of a given useful roof

section

  • Mean slope / roof section
  • Mean orientation / roof section
  • Mean orientation / roof section
  • Mean irradiation / roof section

Other useful data:

  • PV panels database

(technical specifications)

  • Swiss incentives (financial

Building Roof sections Useful surfaces

  • Swiss incentives (financial

aspect)

05/05/2014 17 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 18

S

  • lar P

V planning for a building (useful roof surfaces) (useful roof surfaces)

According to

According to

specific criteria:

  • Minimum irradiation:
  • Minimum irradiation:

1000 kWh/m2/year

  • Borders (1 meter)
  • f roofs are excluded
  • f roofs are excluded
  • Useful areas > 5 m2

Other useful data:

  • Mean slope and orientation
  • Real surface
  • Length and width
  • Length and width

05/05/2014 18 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 19

S

  • lar P

V planning for a building (useful roof surfaces) (useful roof surfaces)

05/05/2014 19 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 20

S

  • lar thermal for domestic hot water (DWH)

(building) (building)

Thermal solar: => integration with building:

  • Category of use
  • Category of use
  • Year of building / refurbishment
  • Nb of occupants (DHW)
  • Built area
  • Heat index
  • Heat index
  • Initial energy source
  • …
  • Irr. moy.:

1’163 [kWh/m2/an] Pente moy.: 12 [°]

  • Orient. moy.:

182 [°]

  • Surf. toitures:

135 [m2]

  • Surf. capteur:

128 [m2]

  • Surf. capteur:

128 [m2]

  • Prod. an:

60 [MWh/an] Invest.: 250’000[ CHF] Coûts_an: 18’000 [CHF/an] Recettes_an: 7’750 [CHF/an] Prix_revient: 0.30 [CHF/kWh] Prix_revient: 0.30 [CHF/kWh] CO2_econom: 288 [t]

05/05/2014 20 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 21

S

  • lar energy balance for a municipality

City of Vernier (34’000 inhab.)

Useful roof surfaces:

(34’000 inhab.)

  • 550’000 m2

(51% of total roof area) Thermal potential:

  • Tot.: 54 GWh/year
  • DHW 60%: 16 GWh/year

Thermal solar – roof [MWh/an]

  • DHW 60%: 16 GWh/year

Electrical potential:

  • Tot.: 47 GWh

Thermal solar – districts [GWh/an]

  • Tot.: 47 GWh

(26% of needs )

05/05/2014 21 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 22

S

  • lar energy balance for the state of Geneva:

electrical needscovered electrical needscovered

05/05/2014 22 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 23

C

  • nclusions

T

  • olbox and indicators

for various purposes

  • f roof & building use: data exist

but should be reliable, collected (among several owners), centralized, made

but should be reliable, collected (among several owners), centralized, made available and shared (=> issue of privacy) Photovoltaïc Thermal (hot water) Photovoltaïc

  • Orientation
  • Min area
  • Shadowing

Thermal (hot water)

  • Nb of users

Thermal (heating)

  • Building features
  • Neighborhoods

Green roofs Solar radiation on façades

  • Shadowing

Green roofs

  • Irradiation / shadowing
  • Slope
  • Shadowing
  • Orientation of façades

05/05/2014 23 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 24

C

  • nclusions

Target users of energy cadastres

Target users of energy cadastres

Public:

L evel of dis s emination

Public: communication, awareness raising Thermography

L evel of dis s emination

Solar mapping: roof classification Policy making: integration Experts: Solar mapping: specific indicators integration Experts: urban and building energy concepts Geothermal cadastres

L evel of expertis e

05/05/2014 24 Geospatial World Forum

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SLIDE 25

Questions

  • The state of Geneva offers a very rich set of data, what about other

communities ? How to do when fewer data are available ?

Questions

communities ? How to do when fewer data are available ?

  • What about the integration of data and information in decision process,

how to move beyond spatial analyses ?

P erspectives

  • Extend the proposed method to the analysis of solar radiation on building

façades

  • To develop a friendly interface for displaying indicators results at building

and roof level (as for many solar maps in US , e.g., New Y

  • rk)

05/05/2014 25 Geospatial World Forum