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By Wayne Rodrigues, M.ED., ATC , EMT-P Purpose is to look for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
By Wayne Rodrigues, M.ED., ATC , EMT-P Purpose is to look for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
By Wayne Rodrigues, M.ED., ATC , EMT-P Purpose is to look for Fluid Perforations Foreign Objects Excessive Cerumen Inflammation Redness Swelling Cuppett, 2012 Translucent Pearly gray in color Concave in
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Purpose is to look for
Fluid Perforations Foreign Objects Excessive Cerumen Inflammation
Redness Swelling
Cuppett, 2012
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Translucent Pearly gray in color Concave in nature
Cuppett, 2012
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Otitis Media
Viral infection of the middle
ear
Often accompanies upper
respiratory problems
Signs and symptoms
ear pain w/out tenderness
to touch, fever, pressure- feeling, loss of hearing and dizziness
Required referral and
treated with antibiotics and analgesics
O’Conner, 2008
http://www.hearingprofessionals.co.nz/Images/The-Human- Ear.gif
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MOI:
Growth of bacteria or fungus in
- uter ear resulting in outer ear
infection.
Predisposing factors: dark wet
environment and/or over- cleaning ears.
S/s:
C/c constant pain and pressure in
ear w/ associated itchiness. May c/o of hearing loss, dizziness. Ear canal appears red and irritated upon inspection. (+) Tug Test
Mgt:
Refer for physician evaluation Antibiotics
Cuppet, 2012 www.fpnotebook.com/ EntOtomycosis.jpg
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Symptoms are similar
to otitis externa:
Canal swelling &
errythemia itching, pain and decrease in hearing,
May be removed either
by physician with tool
- r suctioning the object.
http://images.medicinenet.com/images/illustrations/ear_wax.jp http://stallgeriatrics.com/education/KeyPrinciple2-EarWax.jpg
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Normal Veil of cerumen Soft Cerumen Impacted soft brown cerumen
eac.hawkelibrary.com/
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MOI:
Sudden change in air pressure or
impaled object
S/s:
Excruciating pain in middle ear that
- radiates. Tinnitus. Marked loss of
hearing, transient dizziness.
Blood or fluid may be viewed
escaping from the ear or viewed through otoscope.
Any fluid noted in the ear canal be
should be a red flag indicating rupture.
Mgt:
Potential for associated basilar skull
fx depending on MOI.
Cover with sterile gauze, and
immediate referal.
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Traumatic perforation Subtotal perforation of the tympanic membrane
insect (ant) in external auditory meatus,
www.rcsullivan.com/ www/forum/zlinsky/glueear1.jpg
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MOI: direct blow S/s: May or may not have
deformity but bleeding usually present. Signs of direct trauma. Ecchymosis, and swelling
- ften present.
C/c is pain on and
around the nose
MGT: ice, stop bleeding
and refer
Cuppett, 2012
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MOI: direct blow S/s: Same as those associated
with nasal fracture. May have difficulties breathing through involved side.
MGT: Same as with nasal fracture
Cuppett, 2012
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Caused by:
Previous surgery
Trauma
Cocaine Use
Excessive nose picking
Cancer & other diseases
Complications:
- Pain, bleeding, &
whistling sound
Treatment:
Small: Saline solution & lubricating gels Large: Surgery
http://www.webmd.com/allergies/tc/repair-
- f-nasal-septal-perforation-surgery-overview
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Soft painless, non cancerous growths within nasal lining.
Caused by: Inflammation, Asthma, reoccurring infections, immune disorder
May lead to breathing problems, Chronic infections
Treated with Meds and
- r surgery
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/nasal-polyps/DS00498
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Fungal infection involving
mucous membranes in mouth.
Caused by fungus Candida
alicans which is caused from antibiotics use and immunosuppression.
Signs and symptoms include
creamy white plague on tongue, cheeks and palate which later develop into lesions.
Treat with topical or systemic
antifungal medications
Cuppett, 2012
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Gingivitis-swollen,
red, or bleeding gums
Sensitivity to Hot
- r Cold Beverages
caused from teeth demineralization
Halitosis (Bad
breath)-poor dental hygiene and periodental disease
Plaque-fungal
infections such as candidiasis
http://www.blogaholics.ca/wp/uploads/illu_mouth.jpg http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/digestive/early/mouth.jpg
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Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis produce throat pain, pain swallowing, and pain in the ears when swallowing
Pharyngitis (Strep Throat) Inspection: Erythematous in the throat with mucoid covering the pharynx.
Tonsillitis Inspection: Inflamed tonsils
Laryngitis: causes changes in voice , hoarseness or complete inability to
- speak. Fever or dyspnea may occur.
Upon inspection may notice purulent exudate on larynx.
O’Conner, 2008
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Position patient in seated position with head
turned downward and away.
Select the largest speculum that can be comfortably
inserted in ear
Hold Otoscope in the same hand as the ear you
- examine. “Right to Right , Left to Left”
Rest ring & Little finger on patient’s cheek. Pull the Pinna up & backwards to straighten canal Watch your way into ear canal, never insert
blindly.
Inspect the Tympanic Membrane
Cuppett, 2012
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Rotate speculum to
view all corners of the membrane and ear canal.
Inspect the membrane
for
Color Clarity Position Use of Otoscope
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqSCfqoCNiI Cuppett, 2012 https://www.google.com/search?q=Use+of+Otoscope&client
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Allergies are typically bilateral, infection is unilateral
Infectious conjunctivitis will spread quickly
Treatment: Referral for antihistamine (allergy) or antibiotics (infection)
Eye infections with severe px or photophobia may be more severe (Corneal injury or a herpes viral infection)
O’Conner, 2008 http://www.healthanswersboard.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/pink- eye.jpg
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Blood in the anterior
chamber of eye.
Caused by blunt
trauma.
Signs & Symptoms:
Pain, Bleeding Blurred Vision
Treatment:
Keep Head Elevated Immediate referral to
specialist
Cuppett, 2012 http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/theeyeshaveit/trauma/images/hyphema.jpg
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Bleeding under the
conjunctiva
Caused by trauma,
forceful cough, high BP, bleeding disorders
Treatment: Resolve
in 1-3 weeks
Lack of trauma =
normally benign
O’Conner, 2008 http://www.tedmontgomery.com/the_eye/eyephotos/pics/SubconjunctivalHe morrhage.jpg
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Most common sports
eye injury
Direct trauma from
- utside object
Object caught and
rubbed
What are the signs
and symptoms associated with this pathology?
O’Conner, 2008 http://www.eyedoctom.com/eyedoctom/EyeI nfo/Images/CornealAbrasion.jpg
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MOI:Forceful jarring,
strong sneeze, no known cause.
Sx: Floaters, halos,
blind spots, curtain falling over vision
Treatment: Referral to
- phthalmologist
O’Conner, 2008 http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images /2007/08/01/health/adam/9931.jpg
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https://www.google.com/search?q=macular+degeneration
Chronic eye disease
causing central field of vision loss.
Dry Degeneration
More common Age related
Wet Degeneration
Blood vessels under the
retina begin leaking blood and fluid. Refer to Ophthalmologist
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/macular- degeneration/DS00284
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https://www.google.com/search?q=macular+degeneration&clien http://www.hollows.org.au/eye-health/macular-degeneration
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPzCA9k8GRQ
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Cuppett, M., Walsh, K.M. (2012) General Medical Conditions in the Athlete (Second Edition) Elsevier-Mosby O'Connor, D. P., Fincher, A. L. (2008). Clinical Pathology for Athletic Trainers: Recognizing Systemic Disease (Second ed.). Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated.
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Extra and or Unusual Sounds during a heart
beat
Range fro very faint to load May hear a swishing or whooshing sounds Classified as innocent(harmless) or Abnormal
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartmurmur/
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INNOCENT ABNORMAL
Common in healthy
children
Are not due to heart
problems
May have been heard
by child’s pediatrician as some point
Children’s murmurs
typically caused by heart defects at birth
Adult murmurs are
caused by an acquired heart valve disease
Typically will display
signs and symptoms of heart disease
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Auscultation of Heart Sounds and Murmurs
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