Building on 35 Years of Progress – The Next 10 Years of Photovoltaic Research at NREL Pioneers in Energy Lecture Purdue University Dr. Gregory M. Wilson Director, National Center for Photovoltaics National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado - USA 17 July, 2013 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
The National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV) is the nation’s largest PV research institute focused on the scientific research and technology developments needed by industry to rapidly move PV forward as a mainstream source of low cost, reliable energy. “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” Neil Armstrong, July 20, 1969 Our Mission: • Grid Parity by 2020. • $1/Watt installed PV (5MW scale) , 50¢/Watt module price. • Equivalent to 5-6 cents per kilowatt hour. • Competitive with fossil energy. • Rapid growth without incentives. Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 2
National Renewable Energy Laboratory • 1974 - Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) is chartered. • 1977 - SERI begins operation. • 1980 – President 1991 - SERI becomes 1996 - National Reagan cuts the National Center for Photo- SERI budget by 90%. Renewable Energy voltaics (NCPV) is Laboratory (NREL). established. Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 3
NREL - Part of DOE’s National Lab Complex Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 4
NREL ¡Snapshot ¡ 35+ ¡years ¡of ¡accomplishments ¡ • and ¡market ¡impact ¡in ¡energy ¡ efficiency ¡and ¡renewable ¡ energy ¡technology ¡R&D ¡ 2,419 ¡staff ¡(as ¡of ¡12/2012) ¡ • ‒ 1,634 ¡employees ¡ ‒ 785 ¡non-‑payroll ¡ $329.5M ¡total ¡funding ¡in ¡FY12 ¡ • $309M ¡projected ¡for ¡FY13 ¡ • More ¡ ¡than ¡350 ¡partnerships ¡ • InternaSonal ¡benchmark ¡for ¡ • sustainability ¡ ¡ Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 5
Scope of Mission Energy Renewable Systems Market Focus Efficiency Energy Integration Residential Solar Grid Private Industry Buildings Infrastructure Wind and Federal Commercial Water Distributed Agencies Buildings Energy Biomass Defense Dept. Interconnection Personal Hydrogen State/Local and Battery and Govt. Commercial Geothermal Thermal Vehicles Storage International Transportation Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 6
NCPV: Helping Seed the PV Technologies of Tomorrow NCPV: Helping seed the PV technologies of tomorrow NCPV: Helping seed the PV technologies of tomorrow NCPV: Helping seed the PV technologies of tomorrow Today NCPV NCPV National Center for National Center for SERI becomes the SERI becomes the SERI becomes the SERI begins SERI begins SERI begins SERI begins 1977 1991 1996 2013 Photovoltaics (NCPV) is Photovoltaics (NCPV) is National Renewable National Renewable National Renewable operation operation operation operation established established Energy Laboratory Energy Laboratory Energy Laboratory Record Cell Efficiencies Record Cell Efficiencies Record Cell Efficiencies Record Cell Efficiencies III-‑V ¡ III-‑V ¡ III-‑V ¡ Silicon ¡ Silicon ¡ Silicon ¡ CIGS/CdTe ¡ CIGS/CdTe ¡ Silicon ¡ CIGS/CdTe ¡ OPV ¡ CIGS/CdTe ¡ Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 7 7
The NCPV Today Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 8
NCPV Competencies Na8onal ¡Center ¡for ¡Photovoltaics ¡ (NCPV) ¡ PV ¡Technologies ¡ PV ¡Cross-‑CuCng ¡R&D ¡ Thin ¡Film ¡PV ¡ III-‑V ¡ OPV/TCO ¡ Silicon ¡ Measurements ¡& ¡ Module ¡Reliability ¡& ¡ CIGS ¡/ ¡CdTe ¡/CZTS ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Characteriza8on ¡ Systems ¡ Engineering ¡ Extensive Capabilities and PV Experience Under One Roof Material Synthesis • Device Processing • Device Design • Device Modeling • Measurements & Characterization • A Highly Trained Technical Staff 1 µ m Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 9
Organization Structure – Directorate Level Research Fellows Council Last Updated: June 20, 2013 Materials and Chemical David Ginley, Strategic Science Advisor Science & Technology – 5F00 CMS Associated William Tumas NCPV Associated National Center for Photovoltaics Research Fellows Associate Laboratory Director Research Fellows Greg Wilson, Center Director Garry Rumbles (Katarina Nelson, Acting Executive Assistant) Howard Branz, Assn in DC (Paula Robinson, Senior Administrative Specialist) John Turner Tim Coutts , Emeritus Arthur Nozik , Emeritus PV Technologies and Reliability M&C Core Support and Partnering Chemical and Materials Science Center Greg Wilson, Center Director Pete Sheldon, Deputy Director Jao van de Lagemaat, Acting Center Director (Paula Robinson, Senior Administrative Specialist) (Audrey Carapella, Senior Administrative Specialist) (Katarina Nelson, Administrative Specialist) NCPV Business Manager – Kaitlyn VanSant Program Integration III-V Multijunction Photovoltaics (Paula Robinson, Sr. Administrative Specialist) Larry Kazmerski Daniel Friedman , Group Manager Marisa Howe Core Support Manager – Brian Keyes (Kristen Kennedy, Administrative Professional) (Sandy Padilla, Administrative Professional) National Center for Photovoltaics Chemical and Module Reliability & Systems Engineering NCPV Business Data – Morgan Curley Chemical & Nanoscale Sciences Sarah Kurtz , Group Manager (Audrey Carapella, Sr. Administrative Specialist) • Broad TRL span, mostly focused on Materials Science Nathan Neale , Acting Group Manager (Sandy Padilla, Administrative Professional) (Nicole Campos, Administrative Professional) Analytical Microscopy applied science. Center Mowafak Al-Jassim , Group Manager CdTe Photovoltaics Materials Science (Paula Robinson, Sr. Administrative Specialist) • EERE is primary sponsor Wyatt Metzger , Group Manager • Narrow TRL span, Angelo Mascarenhas , Group Manager (Shirley Contreras, Administrative Professional) Cell & Module Performance (Nicole Campos, Administrative Professional) mostly focused on basic Keith Emery , Group Manager CIGS/CZTS (Sandy Padilla, Administrative Professional) Rommel Nou fi , Group Manager science. Process Technology and Advanced Concepts (Shirley Contreras, Administrative Professional) Phil Parilla , Acting Group Manager Electro-Optical Characterization • Office of Science is CIGS/CZTS (Kristen Kennedy, Administrative Professional) Dean Levi , Group Manager Kannan Ramanathan, Section Supervisor (Audrey Carapella, Sr. Administrative Specialist) primary sponsor Hydrogen Technology and Fuel Cells Solar Resources and Forecasting Engineering and Informatics Bryan Pivovar , Group Manager Tom Sto ff el , Group Manager Brent Nelson , Group Manager (Consuelo Montaño, Administrative Professional) (Sandy Padilla, Administrative Professional) (Audrey Carapella, Sr. Administrative Specialist) Silicon Surface Analysis Theoretical Materials Science Pauls Stradins , Group Manager Glenn Teeter , Group Manager Suhuai Wei , Group Manager (Consuelo Montaño, Administrative Professional) (Shirley Contreras, Administrative Professional) (Audrey Carapella, Sr. Administrative Specialist) Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 10
World Energy Consumption The earth’s population currently Trillion Kilowatt-hours consumes ~21 trillion kWhrs of electricity, with ~2/3 generated using fossil fuels. Source: 2010 DOE-EIA International Energy Outlook Trillion Kilowatt-hours Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 11
Energy & CO 2 - 21 st Century Grand Challenges • The CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion have resulted in unprecedented new problems: − Global climate change with Source: NASA-GISS associated changes in rainfall patterns, average surface temperatures and polar ice cover. − Increased ocean CO 2 content with a corresponding increase in acidity. • Photovoltaic energy production is a rapidly scalable, non-nuclear alternative that is large enough to address the problems we are facing. Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 12
PV Energy for Planet Earth in 2020 2020 “new policy” scenario: PV farm in the U.S. SW 425 mi on a side supplies all of the world’s energy needs. Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 13
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