Brian Healy, Robert Schelly, Emily Omana Smith, Charles Yackulic, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Brian Healy, Robert Schelly, Emily Omana Smith, Charles Yackulic, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 01, 2022 221 likes •628 views

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Grand Canyon National Park Brian Healy, Robert Schelly, Emily Omana Smith, Charles Yackulic, Melissa Trammell, Rebecca Koller, Keegan Evans, Mary Conner, Mark McKinstry, Kirk Young, Phaedra

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SLIDE 1

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Grand Canyon National Park

Brian Healy, Robert Schelly, Emily Omana Smith, Charles Yackulic, Melissa Trammell, Rebecca Koller, Keegan Evans, Mary Conner, Mark McKinstry, Kirk Young, Phaedra Budy

Joe Tomelleri Illustrations

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SLIDE 2

Funded by: Reclamation (non-AMP funds) National Park Service Grand Canyon Conservancy Arthur L. & Elaine V. Johnson Foundation Center for Colorado River Studies – Utah State US Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit (In Kind) Utah State University-Ecology Center/Watershed Sciences National Park Foundation/Albright-Wirth Grant

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Conservation Measures – Humpback Chub

  • Glen Canyon Dam Operations Biological Opinion:
  • Control of nonnative fish (rainbow and brown trout)
  • Translocations to Grand Canyon tributaries
  • Objective: assess efficacy of conservation measures
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SLIDE 4
  • 1. Summarize results of invasive trout control efforts and

trends in fishes in Bright Angel Creek

  • 2. Preliminary results of generalized linear mixed effects

models to predict native fish distribution and abundance in Bright Angel Creek Assess hypothesized relationships among native fishes, and invasive trout, temperature, hydrology, and electrofishing effort Results of humpback chub translocations to Havasu and Bright Angel creeks

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SLIDE 5

Study Area – Bright Angel Creek

Speas 2003

Bright Angel Creek Inflow

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SLIDE 6

3 4 5

gs Creek Angel Sprin Creek

1

Roaring Sprin gs

2

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SLIDE 7

Changes based on peer-review:

  • “Continue trout control to avoid

a potential for a compensatory response, …redistribute trout suppression efforts to “hotspots” …, and/or target areas of high YOY trout abundance. “

  • Two-pass depletion, with

targeted single-pass electrofishing at “hot spots”

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SLIDE 8

Rainbow trout

  • Increase in 2018

Brown trout

  • Strong BNT year class

in 2018

  • 2018 BNT abundance

= 84% decline since 2012 (>90% through 2017)

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Abundacne Estimate - 2-pass data

Bright Angel Creek al, young-of-year, adult abundance : tot

RBT 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Rainbow trout: total catch- 2-pass

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

Sum of 2-pass catch

total >230 YOY

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SLIDE 9

Brown trout:

  • Very few

adult/spawning BNT remaining

  • Shift in size structure

since 2012

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Abundacne Estimate - 2-pass data

Bright Angel Creek: total, young-of-year, adult abundance

total >230 YOY

2018 (red) adults

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SLIDE 10

Brown trout:

  • Very few

adult/spawning BNT remaining

  • Shift in size structure

since 2012

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Abundacne Estimate - 2-pass data

Bright Angel Creek: total, young-of-year, adult abundance

total >230 YOY

2018 (red) adults Hypothesized vulnerable period for YOY trout

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SLIDE 11

Native fishes

  • Creek-wide abundance
  • Sum of 2-electrofishing

passes (preliminary)

  • Declines in catch in

2017-2018

100 200 300 400 500 600 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Sum of 2-pass catch

Native suckers: total catch -2 passes

FMS BHS 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Sum of 2-pass catch

Speckled dace: total catch - 2 passes

SPD

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SLIDE 12

Drivers of native fish abundance and distribution

Time

Invasive

Native Native

Invasive

Native fishes ~ f (Invasive fishes, environmental variation, electrofishing, time, space)

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SLIDE 13

Drivers of native fish abundance and distribution

Time

Environmental Variation (temp., flooding) (-) Environmental Variation (temp., flooding) (+)

Invasive

Native Native

Invasive

Native fishes ~ f (Invasive fishes, environmental variation, electrofishing, time, space)

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SLIDE 14

Drivers of native fish abundance and distribution

Time

Mechanical Removal (electrofishing) (-) Environmental Variation (temp., flooding) (-) Mechanical Removal (electrofishing) (~) Environmental Variation (temp., flooding) (+)

Invasive

Native Native

Invasive

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Methods – Data Analysis

  • Objective: predict distribution and

abundance of native fish

  • Analytical approach:
  • Hypothesized drivers:
  • Flow, spatial-thermal, trout, electrofishing effort,

interactions

  • Generalized linear mixed-effects models
  • Probability of occurrence of native fish, and

abundance components

  • Random effects:
  • Year – random intercept
  • Reach - Random intercept and slope
  • Model Evaluation – lowest BIC
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Methods – Data Analysis

“Spatial-thermal” variable:

  • Bair et al. (in press)
  • Temperature predicted by distance

from source

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SLIDE 17

Methods – Data Analysis

“Spatial-thermal” variable:

  • Proxy for temperature
  • Assigned sites a “distance from the

Colorado River”

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SLIDE 18

Flow variables

Water Year 2012 Water Year 2017

  • Variation in flow variability
  • Captured in flow metrics – Spring and monsoon season

flow variability/flood magnitude

  • Annual time step (years very different)
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SLIDE 19
  • Top Model:
  • Native Fish (aggregated) abundance ~
  • Spatial-thermal (-)
  • Trout density (-)
  • Spring flooding index (+)
  • Native Fish (aggregated) prob. of
  • ccurrence ~
  • Spatial-thermal (-)
  • Monsoon flooding index (+)
  • Electrofishing not a strong predictor of

native fish counts

Spatial-thermal Trout Density

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SLIDE 20
  • Top Model:
  • Native Fish (aggregated) abundance ~
  • Spatial-thermal (-)
  • Trout density (-)
  • Spring flooding index (+)
  • Native Fish (aggregated) prob. of
  • ccurrence ~
  • Spatial-thermal (-)
  • Monsoon flooding index (+)
  • Electrofishing not a strong predictor of

native fish counts

Spring Flooding Monsoon Flooding

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  • Brown trout abundance remains 84% below baseline levels
  • Native fishes have increased and expanded upstream with

declines in trout

  • Temperature, trout, and flows predict native fish abundance
  • Drought in winter-spring 2018 could explain small native fish

and large trout cohorts

  • Effects of reductions in invasive trout likely outweigh any

negative effects of electrofishing to individuals

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E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

Photo by George Andjreko, AZ Game & Fish

Illustration by Joseph Tomelleri

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  • Largest Population
  • Little Colorado River – Center
  • f the Humpback Chub

Universe:

  • Sole Spawning Location =

Risk of Extirpation

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/who-can-save-the-grand-canyon-180954329/

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SLIDE 24
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Hatchery Rearing

  • Parasite & disease

treatment

  • Flow training
  • Pit tagging
  • Weight & length measurements
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Shinumo ~ 1,102 fish, 2009-2013 Havasu ~ 1,956 fish, 2011-2016 Bright Angel ~ 116 fish, 2018

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1) Annual Abundance of Humpback Chub Compared to the Little Colorado River (sou

2) Apparent Survival 3) Growth

4) Reproduction/Recruitment to Maturity rce):

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SLIDE 28

~12 meters

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SLIDE 29
  • Population estimate ~

300

  • Non-translocated/fish

produced in situ catch continues to increase

  • ~50% of abundance

estimate in May, 2018

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√ Reproduction and Recruitment

  • Continued recruitment
  • 2018 – Increases in catch of fish

produced in Havasu Creek

  • Multiple age-classes present

20 40 60 80 100 120 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Sampling Occasion

  • No. Non-translocated Captures of

Humpback Chub

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SLIDE 31
  • May, 2018, released 116 adult humpback chub (mean TL =257 mm)
  • Detected 29 individual translocated humpback chub (May – February)
  • 2 HBC tagged in the Colorado River – RM 80 and 100
  • 2 Brown trout tagged at -3 and -4 mile above Lee’s Ferry (90+ miles

upstream)

E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

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Bright Angel Creek:

  • Antenna data and captures (fall hoop-netting + e-fishing)
  • Preliminary apparent survival ~80%; estimate will

change with additional data

*BAC - Preliminary estimate

0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1

Monthly survival Cohort or Shinumo Creek time period (time-varying model)

Apparent survival - all translocations

*

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SLIDE 33
  • Havasu Creek represents a second

reproducing population in Grand Canyon

  • Next steps: Spring 2019, larval

collection for Bright Angel translocation #2 (2020)

  • Continued monitoring/trout suppression
  • Bright Angel
  • Monitoring and potential augmentation
  • Havasu Creek.
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SLIDE 34

Questions?

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SLIDE 35

Annual Reports (2): translocations and nonnative Fish Control Trip reports (all trips) Manuscripts in preparation:

  • Establishment of an endangered humpback chub

population through experimental translocations (to be submitted to North American Journal of Fisheries Management)

  • Native fish recovery across environmental gradients

following invasive trout control in a Grand Canyon tributary(to be submitted to Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences)

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SLIDE 36

E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

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E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

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  • Water years:

2017 and 2018

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SLIDE 39
  • Water years:

2017 and 2018

E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

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SLIDE 40
  • Water years:

2017 and 2018

E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

2018