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Biometric T echnologies
- Dr. Issa Traore
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Biometric T echnologies Dr. Issa Traore ECE Department, University - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Biometric T echnologies Dr. Issa Traore ECE Department, University - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Biometric T echnologies Dr. Issa Traore ECE Department, University of Victoria Information Security and Object T echnology (ISOT) Lab http://www.isot.ece.uvic.ca 1 Agenda Introduction Applications Requirements Biometric
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Introduction
Biometrics: automated methods of
identifying a person or verifying the identity of a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics.
- Physiological characteristics: inherent physical
traits
- Behavioral characteristics: traits that are
learned or acquired.
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Applications
Foundation for an extensive array of
highly secure identification and personal verification solutions.
- Access control
- Authentication
- Forensics
- Time-attendance
- Border security
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Requirements
Any human physiological and/or behavioral characteristic can be
used as a biometric characteristic as long as it satisfies the following requirements:
- Universality: each person should have the characteristic;
- Distinctiveness: any two persons should be sufficiently
different in terms of the characteristic;
- Permanence: the characteristic should be sufficiently
invariant over a period of time;
- Collectability: the characteristic can be measured
quantitatively.
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Requirements
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Requirements (ctd.)
In addition, a practical biometric is
required to address the following issues:
- Performance
- Acceptability
- Resistance to Circumvention
- Privacy preservation
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Biometric System
Essentially a pattern recognition system that
- perates by acquiring biometric data from
an individual, extracting a feature set from the data, and comparing this feature set against the template set in the database.
Involve, depending on the application,
three modes of operation: enrollment, verification, and identification modes.
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Biometric System (ctd.)
Enrolment Mode Identification Verification
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Biometric Examples
Fingerprint scan
- one of the most
commercially successful biometric technologies
- consists of
analyzing small unique marks of the finger image known as minutiae.
Digitized fingerprint image with minutiae points extracted
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Biometric Examples (ctd.)
Face scan
- analyze the unique
shape, pattern and positioning of facial features.
problems:
- people do change
- ver time; wrinkles,
beard, glasses and
- position of the
head can affect the
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Biometric Examples (ctd.)
Hand
Geometry
- takes three-
dimensional image
- f the hand and
measures the shape and length of fingers and knuckles
- does not achieve
the highest levels
- f accuracy but it is
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Biometric Examples (ctd.)
Keystroke
Dynamics
- behavioural biometric
that aims to identify humans based on the analysis of their typing rhythms on a keyboard.
- measures:
dwell time: the length of time
you hold down each key, flight time: the time it takes
Time
A A B B
Fly time between A and B Dwell time
- n A
Dwell time
- n B
Key Up Key Up Key Down Key Down
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Biometric System Errors
T
wo types of errors:
- mistaking
biometric measurements from two different persons to be from the same person called false match (FM) or false accept
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Selection Criteria
Characteristic Fingerprints Hand Geometry Retina Iris Face Signature Voice Ease of Use
High High Low Medium Medium High High
Error incidence
Dryness, dirt, age Hand injury, age Glasses Poor Lighting Lighting, age, glasses, hair Changing signatures Noise, colds, weather
Accuracy
High Medium Very High Very High Medium Medium Medium
Cost
2 4 8 8 3 1 2
User acceptance
Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High
Required security level
High Medium High Very High Medium Medium Medium
Long-term stability
High Medium High High Medium Medium Medium
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Conclusion
Fast growing field
- Multibillion market