Beyond Semantics Wrapup Annual meeting of the DGfS AG 1 Gttingen, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Beyond Semantics

Wrapup

Annual meeting of the DGfS AG 1 Göttingen, 2011

25.02.2011 1

Wrapup

• Bonnie Webber: Patterns of Explicit and Implicit Clausal

Connectors: What this might suggest for "beyond semantics"

• Iørn Korzen and Matthias Buch-Kromann: Anaphoric relations in

the Copenhagen Dependency Treebanks

• Yannick Versley: Towards finer-grained tagging of discourse

connectives

• Ilka Floeck: Suggestions in British and American English: A

corpus-linguistic study

• Stefania Degaetano and Elke Teich: The lexico-grammar of

stance: an exploratory analysis of scientific texts

• Galina Tremper and Anette Frank: Extending Semantic Relation

Classification to Presupposition Relations between Verbs

25.02.2011 2

Wrapup

• Rebecca Passonneau: Making Sense of Word Sense Variation
• Nynke H. van der Vliet, Ildikó Berzlánovich, Gosse Bouma,

Markus Egg and Gisela Redeker: Building a Discourse- annotated Dutch Text Corpus

• Matthias Buch-Kromann, Daniel Hardt and Iørn Korzen: Syntax-

centered and semantics-centered views of discourse. Can they be reconciled?

• Philippa Cook and Felix Bildhauer: Annotating Information

Structure: The Case of "Topic"

• Arndt Riester and Stefan Baumann: Information Structure

Annotation and Secondary Accents

• Christian Chiarcos: On the Dimensions of Discourse Salience

25.02.2011 3

Wrapup

• Costanza Navarretta: Antecedent and referent types of abstract

pronominal anaphora

• Maria Aloni, Angelika Port, Ana Aguilar Guevara, Radek Simik,

Machteld de Vos and Hedde Zeijlstra: Semantics and pragmatics of indefinites: methodology for a synchronic and diachronic corpus study

25.02.2011 4

Agenda

• Annotation
• Tools
• Back to theory
• Discussion

25.02.2011 5

Annotation

• Pragmatic phenomena are usually not

explicitly marked in the surface string

– discourse relations: explicit / implicit connectives – relations between verbs: explicit pairs of verbs / implicit presuppositions or implicatures – information structural entities: topic, focus etc.

25.02.2011 6

Annotation

• How do we annotate?

– which tools? – which kind of annotators (trained experts, turkers)? – which criteria / which kind of tests?

• how to operationalize the linguistic concepts /

which proxies (surface clues) are suitable? / How can we validate the proxies? – how to evaluate the manual annotation of pragmatic phenomena / multiple annotators?

25.02.2011 7

How to get hold of the implicit information

• Linguistic definitions
• Proxies

– surface clues (approximations)

• Reference to independent “resources”

– WordNet, qualia structure,... – pro: objective means and (easily) available – con: quality and suitability of the resource

• Linguistic test

– decision trees – elicitation of the native speaker intuition from the annotators

25.02.2011 8

Desiderata in Annotation

• Recipes / canonical methods for annotating the

beyond phenomena

– identification of the ‘markables’ (e.g. topic - focus vs. thetic sentence; minimal unit) – annotation of instances vs. types (cf. verb pairs out of context) – annotation of instances of a specific type vs. patterns vs. continuous text

• Question of isomorphism

– independent vs. incremental annotation

• Cross-linguistic application

25.02.2011 9

Multi-layer tools

• Annotation

– incremental adding of additional layers

• e.g. information structure / discourse structure

to syntax

• Query

– search on multiple layers – search on multiple texts / subcorpora – incremental adding of layers

25.02.2011 10

Multi-layer tools (contd.)

Search of multi-layered annotated data:

• Examples

– “Give me all unstressed, non-pronominal, coreferent direct objects in the ‘Vorfeld’.”

“Diesen Film haben ALle gesehen.” (Everyone watched this movie.)

– “Give me all connectives which are not subordinating and which are followed by a non- deictic subject.”

... so that is an issue...

25.02.2011 11

Back to the Theory

• Disagreement in reliably deliberate annotation

– problems with the instructions OR – problems with the theory

• The challenge of authentic text
• Text as a research object
• Importance of genre etc.

25.02.2011 12

Beyond the Workshop

Which topics were not addressed in the workshop?

• Where semantics goes into pragmatics
• Challenge of web-based data / automatically

compiled or automatically annotated data

• Problem of being influenced in annotation by

prior assumptions

• Falsifiability of the assumptions