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BEST PATHS Project: Real-Time Demonstrator for the Integration of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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BEST PATHS Project: Real-Time Demonstrator for the Integration of Offshore Wind Farms using Multi- Terminal HVDC Grids Carlos UGALDE ( Cardiff University, Wales) Salvatore DARCO ( SINTEF, Norway ); Daniel ADEUYI , Sheng WANG , Jun LIANG and

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SLIDE 1

BEST PATHS Project: Real-Time Demonstrator for the Integration of Offshore Wind Farms using Multi- Terminal HVDC Grids

Carlos UGALDE (Cardiff University, Wales)

Salvatore D’ARCO (SINTEF, Norway); Daniel ADEUYI, Sheng WANG, Jun LIANG and Nick JENKINS (Cardiff University, Wales); Salvador CEBALLOS, Maider SANTOS and Íñigo VIDAURRAZAGA (Tecnalia, Spain); Gilbert BERGNA (SINTEF, Norway); Mireia BARENYS (GAMESA, Spain); Max PARKER and Stephen FINNEY (University of Strathclyde, Scotland); Antonio GATTI, Andrea PITTO, Marco RAPIZZA and Diego CIRIO (RSE SpA, Italy); Per LUND (Energinet.dk, Denmark); and Íñigo AZPIRI and Aida CASTRO (Iberdrola, Spain).

7th June 2017, London, UK

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

Outline of the Presentation

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The BEST PATHS Project
  • 3. BEST PATHS Demo 1:

a) Network Topologies b) Key Performance Indicators c) The ‘Open Access’ Toolbox

  • 4. Real-Time Demonstrator
  • 5. Simulation and Experimental Results
  • 6. Conclusions and Next Steps

2

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

Introduction

3

  • Wind energy will be the most widely adopted renewable energy

source (RES) by 2050 to contribute towards the abatement of green house gas emissions.

  • A ‘Business as Usual’ approach to improve infrastructure will not be

sufficient to meet policy objectives at reasonable cost.

  • Operators and manufacturers are now considering HVDC

solutions over HVAC for offshore power transmission systems:

  • A higher quality and more reliable wind resource with higher average

wind speeds is farther away from shore, and thus,

  • Long distances to shore.
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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

Introduction (2)

4

  • Voltage source converter (VSC) based schemes are becoming the

preferred option over line commutated converter (LCC) alternatives due to their decoupled power flow control, black-start capability and control flexibility.

  • MTDC grids will facilitate a cross-border energy exchange between

different countries and will enable reliable power transfer from

  • ffshore wind farms (OWFs).
  • The interactions between wind turbine converters and different

VSC converter types in a meshed topology need further investigation.

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017 5

BEST PATHS Project

BEyond State-of-the-art Technologies for re-Powering Ac corridors & multi-Terminal Hvdc Systems

Key Figures

  • Budget of €62.8M, 56% co-funded by the European

Commission under the 7th Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration (EU FP7 Energy).

  • Duration: 01/10/2014 – 31/10/2018 (4 years).
  • Composition: 5 large-scale demonstrations, 2

replication projects, 1 dissemination project.

Key Aims

  • Through the contribution of 40 leading research

institutions, industry, utilities, and transmission systems operators (8), the project aims to develop novel network technologies to increase the pan- European transmission network capacity and electricity system flexibility.

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

  • Objectives:
  • 1. To investigate the electrical interactions between the HVDC link

converters and the wind turbine (WT) converters in OWFs.

  • 2. To de-risk multivendor and multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC)

schemes.

  • 3. To demonstrate the results in a laboratory environment using

scaled models.

  • 4. To use the validated models to simulate a real grid with OWFs

connected in HVDC.

6

BEST PATHS Demo #1

6

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

HVDC equipment manufacturers provide ‘black boxes’ We intend to use ‘open models’

R&D Centres TSOs Utilities & RES developers

Independent Manufacturers

?

Detailed models Simulation & Validation 7

BEST PATHS Demo #1 (2)

7

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017 8

  • System configurations have been implemented in Simulink
  • A number of topologies has been modelled, simulated and analysed.
  • The topologies considered constitute likely scenarios to be adopted for

the transmission of offshore wind energy in future years.

  • Full details available in Deliverable D3.1 of the BEST PATHS project.

Network Topologies

GSC Pw1 Pg1,Qg1 Onshore AC Grid #1

DC CABLE

Vdc and Q Controller AC Voltage Control

Vdc_g1

Vdc_g1* fw1* |Vac_w1*| Vac_w1 Offshore Grid #1 WFC

Offshore Onshore

Qg1* θw1*

  • Point-to-Point HVDC Link (Topology A)
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Offshore Wind Energy 2017 9

Network Topologies (2)

  • Three-Terminal HVDC System

Pw1

DC NETWORK

AC Voltage Control fw1* Vac_w1* Vac_w1 Offshore Grid #1 WFC #1

Offshore Onshore

θw1* GSC #1 Pg1,Qg1 Onshore AC Grid #1

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller

Vdc_g1* Qg1*

Vdc_g1

AC Voltage Control fw12* Vac_w2* Vac_w2 WFC #2 θw2* Pw2 Offshore Grid #1

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017 10

GSC #1 Pw1 Pg1,Qg1 Onshore AC Grid #1

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller

AC Voltage Control

Vdc_g1

Vdc_g1* fw1* Vac_w1* Vac_w1 Offshore Grid #1 WFC #1 Qg1* θw1* GSC #2 Pw2 Pg2,Qg2 Onshore AC Grid #2

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller

AC Voltage Control

Vdc_g2

Vdc_g2* fw2* Vac_w2* Vac_w2 Offshore Grid #2 WFC #2 Qg2* θw2* GSC #3 Pw3 Pg3,Qg3 Onshore AC Grid #3

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller

AC Voltage Control

Vdc_g3

Vdc_g3* fw3* Vac_w3* Vac_w3 Offshore Grid #3 WFC #3 Qg3* θw3*

DC NETWORK

Offshore Onshore

AC interlink

Network Topologies (3)

  • Six-Terminal HVDC System with Offshore AC Links (Topology B)
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Offshore Wind Energy 2017 11

GSC #1 Pw1 Pg1,Qg1 Onshore AC Grid #1

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller

AC Voltage Control

Vdc_g1

Vdc_g1* fw1* Vac_w1* Vac_w1 Offshore Grid #1 WFC #1 Qg1* θw1* GSC #2 Pw2 Pg2,Qg2 Onshore AC Grid #2

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller

AC Voltage Control

Vdc_g2

Vdc_g2* fw2* Vac_w2* Vac_w2 Offshore Grid #2 WFC #2 Qg2* θw2* GSC #3 Pw3 Pg3,Qg3 Onshore AC Grid #3

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller

AC Voltage Control

Vdc_g3

Vdc_g3* fw3* Vac_w3* Vac_w3 Offshore Grid #3 WFC #3 Qg3* θw3*

DC NETWORK

Offshore Onshore

DC interlink

Network Topologies (4)

  • Six-Terminal HVDC System with Offshore DC Links (Topology C)
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Offshore Wind Energy 2017 12

Network Topologies (5)

  • Twelve-Terminal HVDC System with

Offshore DC Links (Topology D)

GSC #4 Pg3,Qg3

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller Vdc_g4

Vdc_g4* Qg4* GSC #5 Pg2,Qg2

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller Vdc_g2

Vdc_g2* Qg2* GSC #6 Pg1,Qg1 Onshore AC Grid #B

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller Vdc_g6

Vdc_g6* Qg6*

DC NETWORK

Offshore Onshore

Pw1 AC Voltage Control fw1* Vac_w1* Vac_w1 Offshore Grid #1 WFC #1 θw1* Pw2 AC Voltage Control fw2* Vac_w2* Vac_w2 Offshore Grid #2 WFC #2 θw2* Pw3 AC Voltage Control fw3* Vac_w3* Vac_w3 Offshore Grid #3 WFC #3 θw3* Pw4 AC Voltage Control fw4* Vac_w4* Vac_w4 Offshore Grid #4 θw4* Pw5 AC Voltage Control fw5* Vac_w5* Vac_w5 Offshore Grid #5 WFC #5 θw5* Pw6 AC Voltage Control fw6* Vac_w6* Vac_w6 Offshore Grid #6 WFC #6 θw6* GSC #1 Pg6,Qg6

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller Vdc_g1

Vdc_g1* Qg1* GSC #2 Pg5,Qg5

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller Vdc_g5

Vdc_g5* Qg5* GSC #3 Pg4,Qg4 Onshore AC Grid #A

(Vdc vs. P) and Q Controller Vdc_g3

Vdc_g3* Qg3*

DC NETWORK

Offshore Onshore

WFC #4

(100 km) (5 km) (10 km) (10 km) (10 km) (10 km) (100 km)

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017 13

KPI.D1.1 – AC/DC interactions: power and harmonics

Steady state Power quality WT ramp rates

KPI.D1.2 – AC/DC Interactions – Transients & Voltage Margins

Normal operation Extreme operation

KPI.D1.3 – DC Protection Performance / Protection & Faults

Protection selectivity Peak current and clearance time

  • To assess the suitability of the models and proposed HVDC network

topologies, converter configurations and control algorithms, a set of KPIs have been defined.

  • Full details available in Deliverable D2.1 of the BEST PATHS project.

KPI.D1.4 – DC Inter-array Design

Inter-array topology Power unbalance Fault tolerance Motorising capability

KPI.D1.5 – Resonances

AC systems oscillation Internal DC resonance

KPI.D1.6 – Grid Code Compliance

Active and reactive power Fault ride-through

Key Performance Indicators

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

The ‘Open Access’ Toolbox

14

  • A set of models and control algorithms has

been developed, simulated and assessed.

  • Their portability as basic building blocks will

enable researchers and designers to study and simulate any system configuration of choice.

  • These have been published in the BEST PATHS

website as a MATLAB ‘Open Access’ Toolbox: http://www.bestpaths-project.eu/.

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

The ‘Open Access’ Toolbox (2)

15

  • A user manual is also provided, together with the published models and

accompanying examples.

  • Specific blocks in the toolbox include:
  • High level controllers: three modes of operation

including ac voltage and frequency, DC voltage and reactive power, and active and reactive power regulation;

  • Converter stations: averaged and switched of

modular multilevel converters (MMCs);

  • AC grid: adapted from the classical 9-bus system;
  • DC cables: frequency-dependent, travelling wave

model based on the universal line model;

  • Wind farm: a wind turbine generator (WTG) is

modelled in detail. The current injection of a WTG is scaled to complete the rated power of the OWF .

  • Full details of the models available in Deliverable D3.1 of the BEST PATHS

project.

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

The ‘Open Access’ Toolbox (3)

16

  • Universities include the Aalborg University, KU Leuven, the Fukui University of Technology,

the Imperial College of London, the Technical University of Denmark, the University College

  • f Dublin, Ensam, the Technical University of Darmstadt, the Technical University of

Eindhoven, the Pontifical Comillas University, Cardiff University, the University of Strathclyde, and the University College London, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huazhong university and TU Kaiserslautern.

  • Research centres include the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, the SuperGrid Institute,

GridLab, IREC (Institut de Recerca en Energia de Catalunya) and L2EP (Laboratoire d’Electrotechnique et Electronique de Puissance, Lille).

  • Companies include Siemens, Tractebel, Sarawak Energy, Energinet.dk, DNV GL, IBM

Research, SP Energy Networks, TenneT Offshore, Nissin, Enstore and SCiBreak.

  • Toolbox and user manual uploaded on BEST PATHS website on 14th February.
  • Presentation at 13th IET ACDC2017; advertisement via social media and on

project website.

  • 1,258 new users have been

recorded on the website since the toolbox was uploaded.

  • The toolbox has been

downloaded by 60 different users. Purposes of use

Testing Information Research Evaluation

Type of organisation

University Research centre Company

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017 17

Real-Time Demonstrator

  • Built in the premises of SINTEF (Trondheim, Norway), it aims to:
  • Provide experimental validation to the results obtained from simulations:
  • Establish a correspondence between simulation and experimental setup on

single components and at system level;

  • Identify relevant scenarios to test in the laboratory;
  • Perform experiments.
  • Reduce risks of HVDC link connecting OWFs.
  • Validate meshed HVDC grids with different VSC technologies.
  • Foster new suppliers and sub-suppliers of HVDC technology.
  • Facilities include:
  • a four-terminal 50 kW HVDC grid with 3 VSC-based MMCs and 1 two-level

VSC;

  • a 20 kW synchronous generator;
  • DC circuit breakers;
  • a wind emulator;
  • a real-time simulator system and control unit (OPAL-RT).
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Real-Time Demonstrator (2)

  • Further detail on the demonstrator available in Deliverable D8.1 of the

BEST PATHS project.

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Real-Time Demonstrator (3)

  • National SmartGrid Laboratory (SINTEF)
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Real-Time Demonstrator (4)

  • MMC Power Cells Boards
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Real-Time Demonstrator (5)

  • MMC Assembling Stages
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Real-Time Demonstrator (6)

  • MMC Assembling Stages (2)
  • 42 modules
  • 144 power cell

boards

  • 1764 capacitors
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Offshore Wind Energy 2017 23

KPI Assessment Summary

(Simulation Results)

Steady State AC/DC Interactions Transient AC/DC Interactions Protection Performance DC Inter-array Design Resonances Grid Code Compliance

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

KPI Description Status

Due to converter overloading and DC

  • vervoltage during extreme conditions

(e.g. AC faults). Overloading sustained for a very short time <300ms and braking resistor prevents overvoltage. Due to steady-state error between actual and reference active power during frequency oscillations on the AC grid of Topology A & B.

  • Partially met

 Fully Met  Fully Met  Fully Met  Fully Met

  • Partially met
  • Full details of the models available in Deliverable D3.2
  • f the BEST PATHS project.
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Offshore Wind Energy 2017 24

Simulation and Experimental Results

  • Test System

MMC12 60 kVA MMC18 60 kVA 300V AC Source 690V DC Source Real Time Simulator Grid Emulator 200 kVA

  • Modelled in Simulink

using the ‘Open Access’ Toolbox.

  • The Grid Emulator

creates 380 V AC and 690 V DC voltages in Lab.

  • A step change in

current references id and iq is applied.

  • MMC arm currents and

arm voltages are compared.

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Simulation and Experimental Results (2)

  • 12 Level MMC – Active current reversal from 30 A to -30 A at 1.5 s

 Simulation  Experiment

  • Arm Currents
  • Arm Voltages
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Simulation and Experimental Results (3)

  • 12 Level MMC – Step in reactive current from 0 A to 10 A at 2.5 s

 Simulation  Experiment

  • Arm Currents
  • Arm Voltages
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Simulation and Experimental Results (4)

  • 18 Level MMC – Active current reversal from -30 A to 30 A at 1.5 s

 Simulation  Experiment

  • Arm Currents
  • Arm Voltages
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Simulation and Experimental Results (5)

  • 18 Level MMC – Reactive current step from 0 A to -10 A at 2.5 s

 Simulation  Experiment

  • Arm Currents
  • Arm Voltages
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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

Conclusions and Next Steps

29

  • A set of models and control algorithms has been developed, simulated

and assessed. These have been published as an ‘Open Access’ Toolbox.

  • Network topologies constituting likely scenarios for the transmission of
  • ffshore wind energy have been proposed.
  • To assess the suitability of the models, topologies and control algorithms,

a set of KPIs have been defined.

  • An experimental demonstrator for the integration of grid-connected

OWFs using HVDC grids has been presented.

  • Preliminary results demonstrating the capabilities of the demonstrator

have been compared against simulation results. These show good agreement.

  • Main Contributions of this Work
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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

Conclusions and Next Steps (2)

30

  • Conclude commissioning of the demonstrator facilities.
  • Using the real-time experimental demonstrator, conduct tests for different

system topologies representing future scenarios to validate simulation results obtained using computational tools.

  • Make the demonstrator available to interested parties for R&D

activities.

  • On-Going and Future Work
  • Main Contributions of this Work (continued)
  • The main contribution of this work is the provision to TSOs, utilities,

manufacturers and academic institutions with simulation and experimental tools to generate the necessary knowledge for the development, construction and connection of MTDC systems –aiming to help de-risking the use of MTDC grids for the connection of OWFs.

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Offshore Wind Energy 2017

Questions?

31

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the EU FP7 Programme through the project “BEyond State of the art Technologies for re- Powering AC corridors & multi-Terminal HVDC Systems” (BEST PATHS), grant agreement number 612748.

Dr Carlos UGALDE

Ugalde-LooC@cardiff.ac.uk Cardiff University, Wales, UK

Offshore Wind Energy 2017