SLIDE 1
Developing a Greener Supply Chain: The Main Challenges in Reducing Transport Impact
Benjamin Heydecker Centre for Transport Studies, UCL
Benjamin Heydecker Professor of Transport Studies Centre for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Benjamin Heydecker Professor of Transport Studies Centre for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Benjamin Heydecker Professor of Transport Studies Centre for Transport Studies University College London ben@transport.ucl.ac.uk Developing a Greener Supply Chain: The Main Challenges in Reducing Transport Impact Benjamin Heydecker Centre
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Challenges in reducing transport impact 3
Impact of transport logistics
Delivering the food customers require - from seed to table Impacts:
– Environmental pollution
- Global: CO2
- Local:
NOx PMn CO HC Acoustic …
– Congestion
- Delay experienced
- Delay caused to others
– Accidents – Infrastructure wear and tear
SLIDE 4
Challenges in reducing transport impact 4
Opportunities for change
Consider:
– Scale of issue – Scope for reduction – Effectiveness of measures
Transport of UK food:
– 32 bn vehicle-km (of which 26 bn in the UK) – 25% of HGV vehicle-km traffic in the UK – 19 Mt of CO2 (of which 10 Mt in the UK)
SLIDE 5
Challenges in reducing transport impact 5
Opportunities for change
Scale of issues
Estimates £M CO2 Air quality Noise
Congestion Accidents InfrastructureTotal costs
UK HGV 120 165 123 1359 327 387 2480 UK LGV 21 48 27 1056 148 4 1303 UK Car 46 24 42 2576 965 9 3662 UK to OS r 43 54 39 52 115 141 443 Overseas 49 76 52 144 451 275 1048
Source: AEA Technology (2005)
SLIDE 6
Where the costs arise in UK food transport
Congestion dominates: 5187 out of 9123 £M
- f which, car causes
2576 Accidents: 2036
- f which, cars cause
965 HGV is largest in: CO2 120 out of 364 Air Q 165 “ 439 Noise 123 “ 283 Inf’struct 387 “ 815
SLIDE 7
Challenges in reducing transport impact 7
Modes used to move UK food freight
Most traffic by road Increasing movement Bulk of good by road Increasing volume
Goods moved
50 100 150 200 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Billion t-km Road Rail Water Pipeline
Source: Transport Statistics Great Britain 2007
Goods lifted
500 1000 1500 2000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Million tonnes Road Rail Water Pipeline
Source: Transport Statistics Great Britain 2007
SLIDE 8
Challenges in reducing transport impact 8
How far we move UK food freight
Mean distance (2005) km _________ UK: Road 87 Rail 204 Water 459 Pipeline 65 All 112 Imports: UK vehicle >3.5t Road 662
Distance travelled (UK)
100 200 300 400 500 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Km Road Rail Water Pipeline
SLIDE 9
Challenges in reducing transport impact 9
Where the CO2 in food is used
Food and catering (UK, 2005) 82 out of UK total of 648 Mt CO 2 Of which: Direct 18 Indirect 57 Travel 7 Might be better to grow some food away from UK Spanish tomatoes Specialist ingredients
Source: Carbon Trust: Carbon footprints in the supply chain (CTC 616, 2006)
SLIDE 10
Challenges in reducing transport impact 10
Air quality impacts: London low emission zone
Greater London Area Affects commercial vehicles Standards on particulates: February 2008: EURO III January 2012: EURO IV Otherwise £200 daily charge
SLIDE 11
Challenges in reducing transport impact 11
Congestion impacts: when to distribute
Inflow profile and queue length
50 100 150 6 7 8 9 10 11 Time (hour of the day)
Flow (per hr)
20 40 60
Queue length
Delay lags behind demand
Experienced and caused congestion
50 100 150 6 7 8 9 10 11 Time (hour of the day) Flow (per hour) 20 40 60
Queue length
Congestion caused peaks early
Conclusion: Distribute before or long after peak periods
SLIDE 12
Challenges in reducing transport impact 12
Engage consumers: remember lead additives
11 0.00019 (2001) 92 0.00717 Lead Pb: (1985) 20 0.30 Volatile organic compounds VOC 56 0.93 Nitrogen oxides NOx 27 41.90 Carbon dioxide CO2 Transport proportion (%) Transport (M Tonnes)
Pollutant (2001) (source: NAEI)
SLIDE 13
Challenges in reducing transport impact 13
Effect of consumers’ choice
Customer preference: unleaded petrol Despite suppliers’ concerns Bio fuels?
Lead (Pb) Emissions in UK, 1970 - 2002
SLIDE 14
Opportunities for change
Depend on balance of activities as between:
- Production and distribution
- Supplier and customer
- Methods of distribution:
- Time
- Mode
- Location of source and retail