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Beam-forming antenna array configurations for 60-GHz broadband - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Wireless Multi-Gigabit-Systems Workshop TU Braunschweig, Germany Beam-forming antenna array configurations for 60-GHz broadband communication M. Imran Kazim Outline Introduction Antenna element Measurements Antenna array

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SLIDE 1

Beam-forming antenna array configurations for 60-GHz broadband communication

  • M. Imran Kazim

Wireless Multi-Gigabit-Systems Workshop TU Braunschweig, Germany

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SLIDE 2

PAGE 1 13-7-2009

Outline

  • Introduction
  • Antenna element
  • Measurements
  • Antenna array
  • Packaging
  • 3D/Conformal antenna array
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SLIDE 3

PAGE 2 13-7-2009

Introduction

  • Broadband communication in the 60 GHz band
  • Unlicensed bandwidth of around 7 GHz
  • Data rates of multiple gigabits-per-second
  • Applications

− wireless USB 2.0 − wireless HDTV − wireless gigabit ethernet − telecom backhaul

  • Low-cost integrated package

− transceiver chip-set − antenna − other passive components

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SLIDE 4

PAGE 3 13-7-2009

Antenna element

  • Geometry
  • Balanced-fed aperture-coupled

patch antenna

  • realized in printed circuit-board
  • no vias
  • high radiation efficiency

− >80%

  • bandwidth

− 10-15 %

balanced-fed aperture-coupled patch antenna PCB stack

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SLIDE 5

PAGE 4 13-7-2009

Antenna element

  • Modelling
  • Modelling
  • Green's functions for stratified media
  • Method of moments

− spectral-domain representation − basis functions − entire-domain − rooftop − C++ implementation

  • Sensitivity analysis and optimization
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SLIDE 6

PAGE 5 13-7-2009

Antenna element

  • Radiation efficiency
  • slot spacing
  • cancel surface waves
  • efficiency > 80 %
  • slots + patch (solid)
  • slots (dashed)
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SLIDE 7

PAGE 6 13-7-2009

Antenna element

  • Back radiation
  • reflector element
  • comparison

− no reflector − infinite metal plane − finite metal reflector

  • finite reflector (solid)
  • no reflector (dash-dot)
  • infinite reflector (dashed)
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SLIDE 8

PAGE 7 13-7-2009

Measurements

  • PCB layout
  • GSG RF probe
  • transition
  • CPW - MS
  • balun

9 mm 13 mm

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SLIDE 9

PAGE 8 13-7-2009

Measurements

  • Radiation pattern

60 cm

  • Far-field radiation pattern measurement
  • measures hemisphere
  • designed to reduce

unwanted scattering

  • features

− RF probe support − open-ended waveguide − 0, 45, 90 degrees − automated measurement − labview

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SLIDE 10

PAGE 9 13-7-2009

Measurements

  • Radiation pattern
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SLIDE 11

PAGE 10 13-7-2009

Measurements

  • Time gating
  • Measurements

in lab environment

  • Time gating applied

gate: t = 1.8 - 4.9 ns

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SLIDE 12

PAGE 11 13-7-2009

Measurements

  • Results
  • Measurement results
  • measurements (solid)
  • simulation [Spark] (dashed)
  • measurements (solid)
  • simulation [CST] (dashed)
  • simulation [Spark] (dash-dot)
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SLIDE 13

PAGE 12 13-7-2009

Antenna array

  • Beam-forming antenna array
  • 6-element circular array
  • feed network designed for

scan to θ = 0, 30, 45 degrees

  • problem:

large feed-line losses (1.3 dB/cm)

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SLIDE 14

PAGE 13 13-7-2009

Antenna array

  • performance
  • Performance as function of scan angle
  • no feed network
  • directivity
  • radiation efficiency
  • reflection coefficient

E-plane: ϕ = 0o (solid) H-plane: ϕ = 90o (dashed)

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SLIDE 15

PAGE 14 13-7-2009

Antenna array

  • Results
  • Measurement results
  • beam-forming to 0, 30, 45 degrees
  • simulation (dashed)
  • measurement (solid)

broadside 30 degrees 45 degrees

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SLIDE 16

PAGE 15 13-7-2009

Packaging

  • PCB stack
  • Teflon-based

materials

  • ceramic materials
  • vias
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SLIDE 17

PAGE 16 13-7-2009

Packaging

  • Material characterization

Microstrip Ring Resonator

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SLIDE 18

PAGE 17 13-7-2009

Packaging

  • Material characterisation
  • Circuit model [1]
  • incorporate loading effect

microstrip lines

  • determine dielectric constant

[1] J. Bray and L. Roy, "Microwave characterization of a microstrip line using a two- port ring resonator with an improved lumped- element model," IEEE MTT, May 2003

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SLIDE 19

PAGE 18 13-7-2009

Packaging

  • Material characterisation
  • RO4350B
  • data sheet (10 GHz)

฀ εr = 3.66

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SLIDE 20

PAGE 19 13-7-2009

Packaging

  • Layout
  • Single-element

antenna

  • CMOS power

amplifier

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SLIDE 21

PAGE 20 13-7-2009

Packaging

  • Chip mount
  • chip mount PA
  • flip-chip interconnection
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SLIDE 22

PAGE 21 13-7-2009

Packaging

  • Antenna performance
  • Antenna measurement
  • balanced measurement
  • bandwidth

− 57.7 - 65.1 GHz

50 55 60 65 70

  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

frequency (GHz) S11 ( dB )

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SLIDE 23

PAGE 22 13-7-2009

Packaging

  • PA + antenna
  • Probe station
  • MsM group
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SLIDE 24

PAGE 23 13-7-2009

Packaging

  • PA + antenna

gain measurement

  • antenna (solid)
  • PA + antenna (dashed)
  • measurements (solid)
  • simulation (dashed)

pattern measurement

  • Flip-chip considerations

− On-chip inductor − Extra plating layer on aluminium pads of the CMOS chip

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SLIDE 25

PAGE 24 13-7-2009

3D/Conformal antenna array

Passive Electromagnetic Deflector

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SLIDE 26

PAGE 25 13-7-2009

3D/Conformal antenna arrays

Flex PCB technology

Trade-off between directivity, steerability and size of the deflector

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SLIDE 27

PAGE 26 13-7-2009

Conclusions

  • Antenna element
  • high efficiency, large bandwidth
  • MoM model

− limited number of basis function

  • Optimisation

− simple, efficient method

  • Measurement setup
  • RF probes

− avoid interconnection problems

  • radiation pattern setup
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SLIDE 28

PAGE 27 13-7-2009

Conclusions

  • Antenna array
  • beam-forming demonstrated
  • Packaging
  • integration with PA
  • flip-chip interconnect
  • realization of 7 GHz bandwidth (57.5 to 65.0 GHz) using the

packaged PA-antenna

  • 3D/Conformal antenna arrays

Almost there...