basic, advanced in medical databases Why Search? Searching Skills - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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basic, advanced in medical databases Why Search? Searching Skills - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Search basic, advanced in medical databases Why Search? Searching Skills are necessity for all clinicians who want to stay up to up to date with best practice Physicians need to know where and how to find the best evidence 1999

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Search basic, advanced in medical databases

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Why Search?

 Searching Skills are necessity for all clinicians who want to stay up to up to date with best practice  Physicians need to know where and how to find the best evidence  1999 32000 medical journals  currently 400000 articles are added to the biomedical literature each year  Open access resource Biomed Central (www.biomedcentral.com), 190 Peer-reviewed journal

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Aim

 Search Skills is to show you the tools for finding

the best available evidence faster and more efficiently

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Where to Start

The essentials of Searching the literature Formulate your Question PICO Clinical Queries PubMed Combine Search Term AND/OR/NEAR, etc Free text Searching Search for term n titles and abstracts authors Thesaurus Searching Search by subject headings to focus your search

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Where to start Ask yourself

 How much time do I have, e.g. 5 minutes or 1 hour?  What type of publication am I looking for, e.g. a guideline or a systematic review?  Is my query about a specific topic, e.g. drug or safety information?

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 How much time do I have?

 Quick search (5min)  Intermediate search (1 hour)  Comprehensive search

 What type of publication am I looking for?  Is my query about a specific topic?

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How much time do I have?

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Quick Search (5min)

 PubMed Clinical Queries

 www.pubmed.gov Click on Clinical Queries

 Secondary Sources

 Clinical guidelines www.nice.org.uk  EBM summaries www.ebm.bmj.com  Subject gateways www.tripdatabase.com Systematic reviews www.cochrane.org

 The Internet (World Wide Web)

 Search engines , e.g. www.google.co.uk

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Intermediate Search (1hour)

 Secondary Sources

 Clinical guidelines www.nice.org.uk  EBM summaries www.ebm.bmj.com  Subject gateways www.tripdatabase.com Systematic reviews www.cochrane.org

PubMed www.pubmed.gov Systematic search using other healthcare databases

 CINAHL  EMBASE

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Comprehensive Search

Secondary Sources

 Clinical guidelines

 Systematic reviews (from Cochrane, PubMed)

Systematic search using other healthcare databases

 MEDLINE  CINAHL  EMBASE

 Citation Pearl Searching

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Boolean Search

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Boolean operators

AND – OR – NOT

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Boolean operator

 Combined search terms using “AND” , “OR” , “NOT”  Helps you retrieve more result (OR) or less (AND,NOT)

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Boolean Operator: AND

 Combines two or more search words or phrases together Ex: “Diabetic foot” AND “Treatment”  Only retrieves documents containing both terms!

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Boolean Operator: OR

 Tells the search engine that either or both of your search terms can appear in your results. Ex: “Diabetic foot” OR “Treatment”

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Boolean Operator: NOT

 Tells the search engine that you do not want the word after the “NOT” operator to appear in the results of your search.

Ex: “Diabetic foot” NOT “Treatment”

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Exact Phrases

 Truncation (backpack*)  Clinical queries (Etiology, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy)  Search Limit

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Bibliographic Sources

 یاههاگیاپ یتاعلبطا یگرزب دنتسه هک تاعلبطا طوبرم هب کی ای دنچ عوضوم صاخ

ار رد دوخ دنراد و بلغا تلباقم Original پاچ یم دننک و تاعلبطا طوبرم هب تلباقم دننام مان ،هدنسیون مان ،هلجم لاس وراشتنا ... رد اهنآ تفای یم دوش. دننام هاگیاپ یتاعلبطا Medline و EMBASE

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Value added

تلباقم اهنآ رد هک دنتسه یعبانم Original تروص هب عوضوم نآ هب عجار هیرظن کی و هدش هصلبخ صاخ تسا هدش هیارا رظن بحاص درف کی طسوت . دروم رد EBM دریگ یم تروص دقن.

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Information Sources Clinicians Use

1. Journals: general, specialized, and summary 2. MEDLINE, EMBASE and/or other major database service(s) 3. Internet: search engines, directories, government sites, etc. 4. Textbooks (slowly changing factual information) 5. “Personal collection” to support routine activities (e.g., personal specialty reprint collection)

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Finding The Evidence

  • Bibliographic Databases
  • Search Engines
  • Evidence-Based Journals
  • Evidence-Based Databases
  • Evidence-Based Guidelines
  • Textbooks and narrative reviews
  • Expert opinions
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Medline

 Produced by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), U.S.

 More than 18 million bibliographic citations to journal articles  Close to 5000 journals indexed on Medline  International contents (75% English, Abstract)  1950-present

Access to Medline via PubMed

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EMBASE (www.embase.com)

 over 24 million indexed records and more than 7,500 current, mostly peer-reviewed journals, Embase quickly and accurately delivers the biomedical answers you need Access to Embase via Ovid Database

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PubMed

 www.pubmed.gov  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

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PubMed

 PubMed comprises over 21 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books.  PubMed citations and abstracts include the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, and preclinical sciences.  PubMed also provides access to additional relevant web sites and links to the other NCBI molecular biology resources.  PubMed is a free resource that is developed and maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), located at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).  Publishers of journals can submit their citations to NCBI and then provide access to the full-text of articles at journal web sites using LinkOut. .

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PubMed Features

 Sophisticated search capabilities ,including advanced search , and Special tools for searching clinical topics  Assistance in finding search term using the MeSH , a guide to MEDLINE’s controlled vocabulary  Links to full-text articles  Link to other NLM search systems, such as ClinicalTrials.gov , MedlinePlus and PubMed Central

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Searching PubMed

  • Simple Search

 Search pubMed for an Author  Author and subject  Simple Subject Search  Search for a journal

  • Advanced Search
  • Search PubMed with MeSH
  • Clinical Queries
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Search pubmed for an Author

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To search for an author in pubmed , enter the author’s last name and initials in the search

  • box. use no punctuation.
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Pubmed retrieves authors with the last name and initial we used in

  • ur search
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Searching pubmed by Author and subject

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Simple subject search

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Search for a Journal

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Advanced Search

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Searching with the MeSH Database

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MeSH Features

 MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) containing over 25000

descriptors is updated annually  Search Indexed for MEDLINE citations ( 92% of the PubMed database ) using MeSH terms  Limit searches to citations where the MeSH term is the major focus

  • f the article

 Use subheading check boxes to build complex search strategies

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Searching PubMed with MeSH

  • Searching with the MeSH Database
  • Combining MeSH term using the MeSH Database
  • Applying subheading and other features using the MeSH Database
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This database can be used to find MeSH term for a pubmed search

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Search for nosebleed. Enter the term in the query box, and click the GO button

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Although the term nosebleed isn’t in the search ,the medical term for nosebleed,Epistaxis,is notice the definition under the term. Epistaxis is the medical Subject Heading for this concept

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You,ve now reduced your retrieval by over 800 records, and have restricted your search to more relevant articles

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زا هدافتسا رد مهم هنیزگ ود

MeSH

 Restrict term to major topics only  نآ یلصا عوضوم هک دنوش یم تسرهف یتلباقم اهنت ،هنیزگ نیا باختنا اب Bursitis تسا.  Do not explode this item  PubMed اه نامرد عاونا دننام اه هخاشریز مامت( diet therapy, drug therapy, surgery و)... یارب bursitis دنریگ یم رارق وجتسج دروم . باختنا اب نامرد دروم رد یلک روطب هک یتلباقم اهنت هنیزگ نیا bursitis ( رد یصاصتخا روطب هن و نامرد زا یصاخ عون دروم )دنوش یم تسرهف دنراد دوجو.

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Combining MeSH term using the MeSH Database

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This step created the search Box and entered our first MeSH term

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Applying subheadings and

  • ther features using the MeSH

Database

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Clinical Queries

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Search Engines

 EBM search engine – TRIP  Medical search engines

 SUMSearch -alpers

 General search engines

 Google

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TRIP Database

The TRIP Database is produced by TRIP Database

  • Ltd. (Turning Research Into Practice)

The aims of the TRIP Database :allowing health professionals to easily find the highest-quality material available on the web. The content of the site is reviewed monthly and new material from the publications covered is added to the site. Typically 300-400 new articles are added monthly.

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TRIP Contents

Evidence-based. Sites included in this section invariably have an explicit process

  • f secondary review of primary papers.

Content includes systematic reviews, CATs, and journal clubs. Guidelines. The TRIP Database has the world's largest collection of clinical guidelines. Query-answering. Query-answering services essentially allow users to ask a clinical question and then specialists answer the

  • question. This is a very specialized area and

generates clinical answers to real clinical questions making the answers highly relevant to clinical care.

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TRIP Contents-continued..

 Medical Images. With over 80,000 medical images  eTextbooks. eTextbooks tend not to be as up to date as other sources (although sources such as eMedicine.com are frequently updated) but they can be very good for giving a broad understanding of an area.  Patient Information Leaflets. Brings together a number of patient information sources from around the world.  Peer-reviewed journals. Using a special interface the TRIP Database automatically searches PubMed using validated search filters to return highly-focused results.

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 TRIP (www.tripdatabase.com)

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Evidence Based Journals

ACP Journal Club Evidence Based Medicine Evidence Based Health Care Effectiveness Matters Effective Health Care Bulletins Bandolier …

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ACP Journal Club (http://acpjc.acponline.org/)

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Evidence Based Databases

 Cochrane Library  UpToDate

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Evidence based Guideline

  • National Guideline Clearinghouse

www.guideline.gov

  • National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE)

www.nice.org.uk

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What is The Cochrane Collaboration?

 The Cochrane Collaboration is an international non–profit and independent organization, dedicated to making up–to–date, accurate information about the effects of healthcare readily available worldwide.  It produces and disseminates systematic reviews of healthcare interventions and promotes the search for evidence in the form of clinical trials and other studies of interventions.  The Cochrane Collaboration was founded in 1993 and named for the British epidemiologist, Archie Cochrane

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Cochrane Library

  • 1. Cochrane Database of Systematic

Reviews (CDSR)

  • 2. Database of Reviews of Effects (DARE)
  • 3. Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry

(CCTR)

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BMJUPDATES

 To provide clinical practitioners with the best new evidence concerning important advances in health care, exactly tailored to their interests.  www.bmjupdates.com  All articles are assessed for relevance and newsworthiness on 7 point scales via the McMaster Online Rating of Evidence (MORE) system

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CINAHL(www.cinahl.com)

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Netting the evidence (www.nettingtheevidence.org.u k)

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Google

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تنرتنیا راتخاس

http: Hypertext Transfer Protocol www: world wide web NLM (Sub domain) NIH (Organization) Gov (Main domain  Entrez Query.fcgi

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Example

Example Domain Type

www.stanford.edu www.Tums.ac.ir Edu/ac Education www.idf.org Org/or Organization www.yahoo.com www.hbi.co.uk Com/co Commercial www.guideline.gov gov Government www.neda.net net Service Providers www.pcgames.biz biz Business services www.pezeshk.info info General information

  • n a topic
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Internet search tools and services

 Search engine

 Meta search engine  Subject Directory  Other search tools

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Search engine

 Built by computer “spider” robot programs  NOT organized by subject categories  Often retrieve huge amounts of information  Not evaluated – contain good and bad sites

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Search engine

 Individual ( general ) Search engine

  • Google www.google.com
  • Altavista www.altavista.com
  • Alltheweb www.alltheweb.com

 Academic Search engine

  • Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com
  • Scirus www.scirus.com

 Medical Search engine

  • Medhunt www.hon.ch/medhunt/

 Iranian Search engine

  • Parseek www.parseek.com

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Google search tips

 “ “ : always use quotations to search a phrase  Intitle: Requires terms to appear in the title of the document

  • eg. intitle:”thyroid disorders”

 Allintitle: Requires all terms to appear in the title of the document.

  • eg. Allintitle:“thyroid disorders”

 Site: used to search within a particular site

  • eg. Site:ac.ir “diabetes”

 Inurl: requires terms to be in the url.

  • eg. inurl:diabetes.ir

 Filetype: only searches particular types of documents

  • eg. Filetype:ppt “thyroid disorders”
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Google Scholar

 Google Scholar

 Inputs:

 All sources and types, except patents

 Special features:

 Citation analysis, ranking and navigation options

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Scirus

 Scirus

 Inputs:

 All sources and types, except books and references

 Special features:

 The search facilities, the characteristics of the results page, the diversity of sources, the access to full text patents and the total amount of available information

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Medical Search engine

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Medical Search engine

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Iranian Search engine

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Meta search engine

 Dogpile  Metacrawler  Vivisimo  Ixquick  Mamma

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Subject directory

 Built by information specialists  Organized into subject categories  Selected, evaluated, annotated

 Infomine

 By UC consortium of library professionals

 Academic Info

 By a librarian in Arizona

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 Subject directory

  • Yahoo www.yahoo.com
  • Open directory project www.dmoz.com
  • Open text www.opentext.com
  • Infomine www.infomine.ucr.edu

 Medical Subject directory

  • Medical Matrix www.medmatrix.org
  • Omni http://omni.ac.uk
  • Cliniweb international http://ohsu.edu/cliniweb

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Other search tools

 Pubmed www.pubmed.gov  MedlinePlus www.medlineplus.gov

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Iranian Databases  Free

  • SID www.sid.ir

 Subscription

  • Magiran www.magiran.ir
  • Iranmedex www.iranmedex.com
  • Parsmedline www.parsmedline.com

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Medline Embase ISI Scopus Cochrane Biological Abstracts CINAHL Psychinfo Chemical Abstracts

يللملا نيب يتاعلبطا ياه هاگياپ رياس

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 Elsevier Science  Ovid  Blackwell Science  Oxford university Press  Springer  Proquest  Ebsco

تلباقم کينورتکلا ياه هاگياپ

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 EMRO  Emrmedex

يا هقطنم يتاعلبطا ياه هاگياپ

يا هقطنم:

 IranMedex  SID  Magiran  IranPsych

يروشک:

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EMBASE

 Electronic version of Excerpta Medical  Elsevier Science Publishers  Numbers of Journals: 3500  Bias: European in focus  Thesaurus: Uses own thesaurus (EMTREE)  Subject Coverage: No specific subject bias, Strong in Pharmaceutical and Clinical Medicine  Materials Indexed: Letters, Editorials, Research Articles Overlap with MEDLINE estimated at between 25 and 40%  75% of References contain Abstracts  Update: Updated Weekly and is about 4 weeks behind  Type of Database: Bibliographic

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ISI

 Electronic version of Science Citation Index  Web of Science  Numbers of Journals: 8700 in all sciences  Subject Coverage: Life sciences, clinical medicine, animal & plant biology, biotechnology, agriculture, environmental sciences, physics, chemistry, earth sciences, mathematics, engineering, technology, computer science  Type of Database: Bibliographic  Update: Updated Weekly  Cited Search: Search on specific paper or author to see who has cited that paper or author in journal articles.

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 EMRO  Emrmedex

يا هقطنم يتاعلبطا ياه هاگياپ

يا هقطنم:

 IranMedex  SID  Magiran  IranPsych

يروشک:

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Source on the Internet for finding different publication type

 Guidelines

 National Library of Guidelines www.library.nhs.uk/guidelinesfinder  National Guideline Clearinghouse www.guideline.gov  Professional Organization www.ipl.gov/div/subject/browse/hea00 .00.00

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Systematic review

 Cochrane Library

www.thecochranelibrary.org PubMed Clinical queries http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ clinical National Library for Health Specialist Libraries www.library.nhs.uk/specialistlibraries

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Patient Information

 Health On the Net Foundation

www.hon.ch  NHS Choices www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Pages/bodymap.aspx  Consumer and Patient Health Information Section (CAPHIS) http://caphis.mlanet.org/consumer  New York Online Access to Health (NOAH) www.noah-health.org/en/search/health.html

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Randomized Controlled trials

 Cochrane Library

www.thecochranelibrary

 PubMed Clinical Queries

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clinical  Clinical databases

AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO

 Trial registers

 Current Controlled Trials-www.controlled-trials.com

 Clinical Trials-http://clinicaltrials.gov  MRC Clinical Trials Unit-www.CTU.mrc.ac.uk  National Cancer Institute www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/search

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Subject gateways

 Intute: www.intute.ac.uk/healthandlifesciences/medicine  National Library for Health: www.library.nhs.uk  National Library of Medicine: www.nlm.nih.gov  Pinakes: www.hw.ac.uk/libwww/irn/pinakes.html  SUMSearch: http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu  TRIP Database: www.tripdatabase.com

Search engine

 Google: www.google.com  Altavista: www.av.com  Googlescholar: http://scholar.google.co.uk  Yahoo: www.yahoo.co.uk

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IS my Query about a specific topic?

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Drug Information

 UK: www.bnf.org  US: www.fda.gov  Merck manual: www.merck.com/mmpe/index.html

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Safety Information

 UK: www.mhra.gov.uk/index.htm  US: www.fda.gov/cder/index.html  Europe: www.emea.europa.eu/home.htm  WHO: www.who.int/medicines/en

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Subject Specific

e.g. Cancer, Diabetes, Mental Health  UK specialist libraries: www.library.nhs.uk/specialistlibraries British Heart Foundation: www.bhf.org.uk Patient groups (e.g. Anticoagulation Europe: www.Anticoagulationeurope.org )  Clinician Association (e.g. American Health Association: www.americanheart.org )

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References

 Caroline D, Smith N. Searching Skills Toolkit: finding the

  • Evidence. Wiley Blackwell, 2009

 Soltani A. Evidence Based Medicine. Tehran: Vista, 2007.  Glaziou P. Evidence Based Medicine workbook: Finding and applying the best evidence to improve patient care. BMJ Book, 2003.  Straus S. Evidence Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM. Elsevier, 2005.

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Thanks for your attention