Barnstable County Department of Health and Environment Barnstable, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Barnstable County Department of Health and Environment Barnstable, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 02, 2023 169 likes •646 views

George Heufelder, M.S.,R.S. Barnstable County Department of Health and Environment Barnstable, Massachusetts gheufelder@barnstablecounty.org This project was funded by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection with additional

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This project was funded by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection with additional funds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency under a Section 319 competitive grant. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the departments mentioned nor does the mention of any product trade name constitute an endorsement.

George Heufelder, M.S.,R.S. Barnstable County Department of Health and Environment Barnstable, Massachusetts gheufelder@barnstablecounty.org

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What are Contaminants of Emerging Concern?

In general, they include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, natural hormones, by-products of cleaning, and other compounds in water and wastewater than may exhibit a physiological response (particularly in lower organisms) at very

low levels.

ng/L = one drop of liquid in ten miles of railroad tankers.

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What are Contaminants of Emerging Concern?

Antibiotics Hormones (synthetic and natural) Metabolites (cotinine) Psychoactive drugs Lipid regulators Pain relievers Fragrances Chemotherapy drugs Fire retardants Cleaning products

  • thers
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Nature conserves valuable work. Many of the metabolic and regulatory pathways that have evolved are conserved between classes of organisms. This means that many of the drugs we invent to regulate our metabolic systems can also effect “lower” organisms and sometimes visa versa.

YOU ARE HERE

Earliest indication of the presence of estrogen and estrogen receptors

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Because it turns out that you actually can fool Mother Nature.

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Many hormones are regulated by feedback loops where the concentration of the hormone limits its further production. Some CEC “lock into” receptors and hence may sent the wrong signal to the body, either shutting off or ramping up the production of the hormone.

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Bottom line? There is hope

HOPE

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Attenuation

Attenuation

Attenuation

Attenuation

Attenuation

Removal

m a

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Attenuation Removal

  • Adsorption
  • Conjugation (with

possibility of deconjugation)

  • Chemical breakdown
  • Biodegradation
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  • No. 53 from Soil Microbiology and

Biochemistry Slide Set. 1976 J.P. Martin, et al.,

  • eds. SSSA, Madison WI
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DRIP DISPERSAL SHALLOW DRAINFIELD

3 year study 2010-2012 3 year study 2011-2013

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Drip Emitters Drip Emitters

Adsorption Transformation Complexation Dilution Bacterial Utilization

Diverse Biological Community

Plant uptake and phytoremediation

Drip Dispersal Systems

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12 “

Fabric material Core material

1” PVC pipe Distribution lateral

Orifice shield

Shallow Drainfield Systems

Cross section

GeoMatTM

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12 “

12” diameter PVC pipe cut lengthwise

1” PVC pipe Distribution lateral

Support

Shallow Drainfield Systems

(alternative installation)

Cross section

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Bacteria/gram of soil

7-8 million 1- 2 million 400 – 500 thousand ~ 10 thousand

  • ne thousand

hundreds Billions

Bacteria (and other microbes) – the real workhorses of the terrestrial ecosystems

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Data suggest that nitrifying

  • rganisms may use certain CEC

as a carbon source.

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Selected good news and bad news

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1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05) Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05)

Sulfamethoxazole (ng/L) DRIP DISPERSAL SHALLOW DRAINFIELD

98% reduction 97% reduction

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1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05) Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05)

Sulfamethoxazole (ng/L) DRIP DISPERSAL SHALLOW DRAINFIELD 98% reduction 97% reduction

Removal in conventional activated sludge treatment plant 59% (37 – 80%)

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1 10 100 1000 10000

Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05) Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05)

Trimethoprim (ng/L)

DRIP DISPERSAL SHALLOW DRAINFIELD 99% reduction 99+% reduction

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1 10 100 1000 10000

Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05) Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05)

Trimethoprim (ng/L)

DRIP DISPERSAL SHALLOW DRAINFIELD

99% reduction 99+% reduction

Removal in conventional activated sludge treatment plant 14% (0 - 40%)

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0.1 1 10 100 1000

Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05) Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05)

Diclofenac (ng/L)

DRIP DISPERSAL SHALLOW DRAINFIELD 89% reduction 99% reduction

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0.1 1 10 100 1000

Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05) Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05)

Diclofenac (ng/L)

DRIP DISPERSAL SHALLOW DRAINFIELD 89% reduction 99% reduction

Removal in conventional activated sludge treatment plant 31% (13 - 60%)

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1 10 100 1000

Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05) Influent (range) STE (range) Percolate (p=.05)

Atorvastatin (ng/L)

DRIP DISPERSAL SHALLOW DRAINFIELD 92% reduction 91% reduction

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Compound Drip Shallow Drainfield Conventional activated sludge treatment Acetominophen 99.99% 99.82% > 90% - 99.9% (b) Atenolol 93.62% 99.03% 5.5% ( 2-20%)(a) Atorvastatin 92.60% 91.18% 85-95% (d) Caffeine 99.97% 99.93% 94.9% (c ) Ciprofloxacin 97.96% 98.17% 72% (59-85%)(a) DEET 98.45% 98.24% 69% (48-90%) (e ) Diclofenac 89.16% 99.37% 31% (13-60%)(a) Furosemide 97.60% 98.40% 59.8% (c ) Ibuprofen 99.94% 99.93% 74%(44-100%)(a) Miconazole 0.00% 0.00% Naproxen 99.50% 96.80% 75% (59-92%)(a) Propranolol 71.20% 96.89% 96% (a) Sulfamethoxazole 97.90% 96.50% 59% (37-80%)(a) TCEP 0.00% 0.00% Trimethoprim 99.20% 99.80% 14% (0 - 40%)(a)

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Neither shallow soils systems or conventional treatment systems appear to be effective for the removal of:

  • Fire retardants (TCEP)
  • Anti-fungal medications
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The Effect of Three Soil Types the Removal

  • f Selected Micro-Constituents and

Contaminants of Emerging Concern

This project was funded by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection with additional funds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency under a Section 319 competitive grant. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the departments mentioned nor does the mention of any product trade name constitute an endorsement.

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5’ 42”

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TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW SIDE VIEW Cut-away

Distribution lateral

Sand Sand 5% fines Or Sand 10% fines

Washed Peastone Drain/sample location Discharge orifice and shield

Distribution lateral

Schemata of 42-in diameter, 48” height soil columns

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Sample Collection Locations

Loading calibration orifice Septic Tank Effluent

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Three soil types and four replicates of each soil type

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1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Influent (range) STE (range) Sand (p=.05) Sand w/ 5% fines (p=.05) Sand w/ 10% fines (p=.05)

Sulfamethoxazole (ng/L) SOIL COLUMNS

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The general pattern of higher attenuation in soils containing 5%-10% fine material was found for acetaminophen, atenolol, atorvastatin, caffeine, DEET, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim.

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No significant difference with soil type was observed with the compounds

  • Furosemide
  • Propranolol
  • Miconazole
  • TCEP
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Chance ance favor

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Louis is Pasteur ur

Chance ance favor

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Susan an Dracut cut Monâs nâs

Is there any hope for eliminating TCEP and similar compounds?

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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology » "Environmental Biotechnology - New Approaches and Prospective Applications", book edited by Marian Petre, ISBN 978-953-51-0972-3, Published: February 7, 2013 under CC BY 3.0 license

Chapter 5 Microbial Degradation of Persistent Organophosphorus Flame Retardants

By Shouji Takahashi, Katsumasa Abe and Yoshio Kera DOI: 10.5772/53749

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  • Nature of the compound
  • Oxygen availability
  • Bacteria and other fauna

diversity in the receiving environment

  • Retention time during treatment
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Take home messages

  • Many pharmaceutical and personal care products,

contain compounds that can disrupt the normal functioning of hormones in humans and wildlife.

  • Although a major route for CEC entrance into the

environment is wastewater disposal, the onsite septic system presents opportunity for significant treatment.

  • Shallow-placed soil absorption systems remove > 90%
  • f many CECs found in household wastewater.
  • A more complete understanding of the principles of

CEC removal in soils may offer opportunities to design

  • ptimization.
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