AUSTRALIA@2015 Professor Andrew Markus OVERVIEW [1] Surveys and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

AUSTRALIA@2015

Professor Andrew Markus

2 [1] Surveys and public opinion [2] Australia@2015 survey and focus groups [3] Positive findings [4] Visa categories compared

• Business (457)
• Skill Independent
• Humanitarian

[5] South Sudanese [6] Australia born OVERVIEW

SURVEYS AND PUBLIC OPINION

4

Attitudes to Muslim Australians (September 2016) –Essential Report: 49% support ban on immigration –Deakin University researcher: 60% concern marriage Uncritical acceptance/ reporting –Polls and Brexit –Polls and the presidential election Politics of survey reporting

[1] Probability sample? Mode (online panel?) [2] Question wording? Response options? [3] Context for interpretation?

SURVEYS AND RELIABILITY

THE SCANLON FOUNDATION SURVEYS

6 National Local Experimental

2007 2,000 1,500 2009 2,000 2010 2,000 1,800 2011 2,000 2012 2,000 2,000 2013 1,200 2,500 2,300 2014

1,500 1,070

2015a

1,500

Sub-total 14,200 7,800 3,370

2015b 51 focus groups 10,548 2007-15 surveys: national surveys June-July

SAMPLE SIZE

AUSTRALIA@2015

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• Available 20 languages, online and print
• Promoted over 6 months (Sept. 2015-February 2016)

– Partner organisations: ECCV; SBS; Multicultural NSW

– Others promoting: Monash University, Scanlon Foundation, AMF, DSS, state government departments, local government,

• rganisations in Bendigo, CMY (Melb.), SSI (Sydney), MDA (Brisb.), Access (Brisb.), Logan Council, FECCA; Scanlon

Foundation

• Three weights – Australia-born; Overseas-born; LGA (8)
• Non-probability sample, benchmarked against probability samples (earlier

Scanlon Foundation surveys) ADMINISTRATION

9 Surveys completed (valid) 10,548 (print=522) as % of surveys started ~75% Born in Australia 5,061 48% Born overseas 5,487 52% Completed in LOTE 1,521 15% RESPONDENT PROFILE

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Au 5061 India 217

• S. Korea 301

Turkey 168 South Sudan 166 USA 66 ATSI 122 Sri Lanka 95 China 287 Lebanon 41 Sudan 69 NZ 567 Pakistan 65 Vietnam 275 Israel 213 Eritrea 54 Colombia 78 UK 396 Burma(My) 47 Iraq 112

• S. Africa 62

Brazil 36 Thailand 83 Iran 250 Chile 34 France 169 Malaysia 77 Afghanistan 199 Germany 79 Indonesia 51 Cyprus 50 Philippines 119

COUNTRY OF BIRTH

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1056 1346 627 623 193 201 639 269

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Skill Family Humanitarian Student Long-stay business visa (457) Working holiday maker NZ Passport Asylum seeker

VISA CATEGORY: ENTERED AUSTRALIA

12

1971 917 329 272 946 890 464 380 187 2929 262

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

Roman Catholic Anglican Uniting Church Presbyterian Christian nfd Islam Buddhist Jewish Hindu No religion Decline to answer

RELIGION

13

720 1019 1203 1257 1251 1110 1122 982 796 576 299 194

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

18-24 24-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+

AGE

14

51 Groups + 6 interviews

4 Sydney

4 Melbourne 2 Brisbane 1 Perth 285 Participants FOCUS GROUPS September 2015 – May 2016

11 Localities

POSITIVES: A GOOD COUNTRY FOR AUSTRALIA BORN, A GOOD COUNTRY FOR IMMIGRANT

16 AU@2015 - arrived 2001-2015

Negative response % ‘Very unhappy’, ‘unhappy’ 13 ‘Strongly dissatisfied’, ‘dissatisfied’ with life in Australia 6 Sense of belonging in Australia, ‘not at all’ 9

17 Top Ten things liked about Australia, first choice, overseas- born arrived 2001-15

19% 17% 13% 11%

The lifestyle/ the Australian way of life There is freedom and democracy The standard of living Education system/ opportunity for children

18 ‘To what extent do you have a sense of belonging in Australia?’ by year of arrival

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 2011-2015 2006-2010 2001-2005 1991-2000 1981-1990 1971-1980 1961-1970

Great extent Slightly/ not at all

19 OPTIMISM OF THE NEW ARRIVAL ‘ … Hard work brings a better life’ – by year of arrival

Response: ‘Disagree’ or ‘Strongly disagree’

6%

10% 13% 14%

18%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%

‘Disagree’ or ‘Strongly disagree’

2011-2015 2006-2010 2001-2005 1996-2000 1991-1995

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1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-05 2006-10 2011-15

Everyday 25% 32% 36%

44% 43%

Several times/week 28% 27% 29%

31% 28%

Total

53%

59% 65%

75% 71%

‘How often do you keep in contact with friends and relatives … former home country?’, by SMS and social media, YOA

Decline, but still 53%

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1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-05 2006-10 2011-15

Everyday 13%

21%

19% 19% 17% Several times/week 13% 12% 13% 16% 15%

Total

26%

32% 32% 35% 32%

‘How often do you watch television and other media form your former home country’, by YOA

Little change to 1991: entrenched at 1:3

VISA CATEGORIES

23 FINANCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES + TRUST: SOUTH SUDANESE Question

Business 457 % Independen t Skill % Humanitarian - South Sudanese %

Financial circumstances – ‘poor’, ‘struggling to pay bills’ ‘just getting along’

25 32 81

‘Most people can be trusted’ / ‘Can’t be too careful’

68 / 21 48/ 32 4/ 73

24 SELF DESCRIBED FINANCIAL STATUS: HUMANITARIAN VISA

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Prosperous/ living comfortably Just getting along Struggling/ poor

2011-2015 2006-2010 2000-2005

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3rd generation Australian % Europe % Asia % Africa % SEIFA 10 7

UK 11 Philippines 30

Ethiopia 60 SEIFA 9 12 Netherlands

12 Malaysia 37

Kenya 67 SEIFA 2 25 Italy

13 India 39

Zimbabwe 75 SEIFA 1 27 Greece

14 China 39

South Sudan 77

Germany 15 Thailand 50

Indigenous 59 France

22 Korea, South 55

‘Have you experienced discrimination because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion over the last 12 months?’

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• Sudanese and discrimination

– Pre-school – School – Streets – Shops/ shopping centres – Public transport – Police – Neighbours – Applying for jobs – Cultural norms – adjusting to Australian/ western ways

• Individual capacity to cope

COLOUR PREJUDICE IN AUSTRALIA

27 Born in Australia, New Zealand and South Sudan, arrived 2001-2015 – ‘A lot of trust’ and ‘some trust’

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Doctors Medicare Hospitals Police Public schools Charitable organisations Legal system/ Law courts Centrelink Employers Department of Immigration Trade unions Parliament in Canberra Real estate agents Political parties

Australia New Zealand South Sudan

28

AUSTRALIA CHINA + HK INDIA S.SUDAN

DOCTORS 88 80 87 82 CENTRELINK 49 73 70 80 IMMIGRATION 37 72 77 35 POLICE 81 76 87 26 EMPLOYERS 69 49 64 20

INSTITUTIONAL TRUST – BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH

29 Discrimination is not simply a matter of majority/ minority relations Need to understand attitudes/ behaviour within groups Majority <> Minority

AUSTRALIA-BORN

31 SEGMENTATION OF AUSTRALIA – INCREASING?

• Increasing diversity – culture, ethnicity, race, religion
• Increasing numbers (as Australian population grows)
• Socialisation of the next generation

– ‘Growing up different’ – multicultural/ monocultural

32 Ethnic and Cultural Tolerance Scale

• Scale = 9 questions aggregated
• Maximum score = 45; low score = <10, indicating

intolerance/ rejection of cultural diversity

Birthplace/ Gender % Region % Age %

Third generation 29 Major city 18 25-34 18 All Au. born 26 Inner regional 25 55-64 25

• Au. born Male/

Female 35/ 17 Outer regional 39 65+ 26

33 Ethnic and Cultural Tolerance Scale – birthplace

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-45 Australia Overseas-ESB Overseas-NESB

34 Ethnic and Cultural Tolerance scale by highest educational attainment

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-45 Trade/ apprentice Bachelor degree Post-graduate

35 Ethnic and Cultural Tolerance scale by ancestry

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-45 3rd Gen AU Au-born, parents NESB

KEY ISSUES

37 PLUS / MINUS

• Level of efficiency expected from immigration?
• What is working well?

– Positive disposition/ view of Australia/ hope-optimism – Business (457)

• Less well?

– Recognition of qualifications/ Utilisation of qualifications – Humanitarian program –short/ medium/ long-term?

• A divided Australia? Mono/ multicultural

– Age, education, environment (region)

• Long term cost/ benefit of current policy settings