Migration and Empire, 18301939 Enquiry Skills (sources) based topic - PDF document

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Migration and Empire, 1830­1939 Enquiry Skills (sources) based topic at Higher. To succeed in this section you must: 1. Take very detailed notes in class and at home, and learn the detailed KU. 2. Learn and practice the three types of Enquiry Skills. 3. Consistently answer all three Qs in under an hour. 1

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Issue 1: The migration of Scots L.Is 1. Describe (in detail) 7 push and pull factors related to internal migration 2. Describe (in detail) at least 7 push and pull factors related to emigration 2

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Push and pull factors causing migration Often different reasons depending on Highlands and Lowlands 3

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Why did Scots migrate internally and also emigrate? • Economic factors (jobs, wages) • Transport • Social and cultural factors • Political aspects • Opportunity and coercion 4

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 • Industrialisation: on farms, machines replaced workers in the lowlands of Scotland • Industrialisation: more jobs in the growing cities in the lowlands (Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dundee) 5

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 The Highland Clearances http://www.timelines.tv/index.php?t=2&e=6 6

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Opportunities abroad 7

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Transport, opportunity, poverty, religion 8

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Emigration Internal migration Push Pull Push Pull 9

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Internal migration: push and pull factors (you need a minimum of 7 in total) Push Pull Farming methods altered due to mechanisation. Threshers were brought in which did the work of many farm workers. (Lowlands) 10

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Starter activity: Without looking at your jotters, how many detailed PUSH and PULL factors can you come up with for Scottish migration. 11

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Internal migration: push and pull factors (you need a minimum of 7 in total) Push Pull Farming methods altered due to mechanisation. Threshers were brought in which did the work of many farm workers. (Lowlands) 12

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Emigration from Scotland (you need a minimum of 7 in total) Push Pull 1. The Highland 2. The opportunity to own Clearances meant that.... land abroad in Canada or (Highlands) New Zealand pulled people to these countries. Some countries, like Canada, offered land very cheaply for emigrants. 13

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Challenge: Create a detailed, vibrant and clear learning aid that summarises this sub­topic. Create a keynote presentation/comic strip/A3 poster/illustrated mind map/mural on the whiteboard which clearly shows the following: 1. Why people moved to the cities from the Highlands and Lowlands (AT LEAST 7 PUSH AND PULL FACTORS) 2. Why Scots moved abroad from the cities, Highlands and Lowlands (AT LEAST 7 PUSH AND PULL FACTORS) You have 1 period to do this. Tomorrow we will be using this information and learning the Enquiry Skills essential to this course 14

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Source skills L.Is 1. Evaluate the usefulness of a source to Higher standard 15

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 ES1 'Evaluate the usefulness' questions The main thing here is to make sure you clearly answer the question and say why the source is useful and why it perhaps isn't. Focus on six main areas to ensure you pick up full marks. 2 marks Content 3 marks Limitations 8 marks required Author Type 4 marks Purpose Timing 16

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Source A is an extract from the Inverness Journal , 1 July 1842. 'Mr Sutherland, the emigration agent, intends making arrangements for blocks of land, both in Nova Scotia and Canada, so that emigrants, proceeding by his vessels, may have the advantage of at once taking possession of farms or locations without losing their time and money in inquiries. Nearly 2000 emigrants have been sent out by him within two years, in vessels of the first class. He is aware that many men and women in these parts are keen to leave due in large part to the distressed state of their homes and the lack of well paid work available. All those interested should contact him by the means outlined below. Also, be aware that some landlords will contribute or pay towards travel. 1. Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the factors that encouraged Scots to emigrate (8) 17

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 1. Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the factors that encouraged Scots to emigrate (8) Model answer Content The source gives us useful accurate information about why Scots emigrated such as the fact that countries like Canada would give Scots 'free blocks of land'. This was obviously appealing to many Scots, especially those who were pushed off the land during the Highland Clearances, and was a key reason many migrated abroad. The source also gives other accurate factors as to why Scots emigrated such as the fact that houses in the Highlands were often in a poor state. This would obviously have 'pushed' many Scots to try their luck abroad in places where housing was better and makes the source useful because it gives us accurate reasons for emigration. Limitations However, there are clear limitations to the source that make it less useful to us. Firstly, the source fails to mention other factors for emigration such as.... Timing: Firstly, the source was written in 1842, making it a primary source. This makes it useful because it was produced during the time when Scots were emigrating en masse to countries such as Canada, Australia and New Zealand. It therefore gives us an insight into the factors for emigration at the time and is especially useful as it was written during the period of the Highland clearances, a time when many emigrated. Origin: Secondly, the source is from the Inverness Journal which we have to assume is a newspaper. This makes it useful for investigating the issue because it is an informed piece of writing based on the eyewitness account of both the journalist and others he might have interviewed. The journalist, in essence, is an eyewitness and informed expert on the issue. Purpose: The source appears to have been produced to advertise emigration and the works of the Canadian Emigration agent. This makes it less useful because it makes the source bias in terms of highlighting many positive pull factors. 18

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Source A is from a Government Commission on Highland Emigration, published in 1849. Source A There is significant evidence that the primary cause of emigration in the North and Western Highland and Islands is due to poverty and homelessness. Many crofters simply have no land to work and have chosen to move abroad in the hope, simply, that they can firstly survive, and then perhaps flourish in a new environment. Others recognise that there is a better chance of employment in the industrial centres further south, notably Glasgow and Dundee. 2. Evaluate the usefulness of Source A for investigating the reasons for Scottish migration (8) 19

b. Push and pull summary (internal & emigration).notebook May 25, 2020 Source B is an extract from Chambers' Edinburgh Review , 1872. The rewards to emigrate to Canada are not simply good wages and good living among kindred people, under the same flag, in a naturally rich country, possessing a pleasant and healthy climate, but the confident prospect that the poorest may have of becoming a possessor of the soil. Emigrants have been known, in some provinces in Canada, to enjoy land so fertile that it is said crops grow there in more abundance than in any but the most prosperous Scottish holdings. 2. Evaluate the usefulness of Source B as evidence of the factors that attracted Scots abroad (8) In reaching a conclusion you should refer to: ­the origin and purpose of the source ­the content of the source ­recalled knowledge 20