http://kateelizabethconner.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/braille-book.jpg Assistive Tech Presentation: Braille Claire Bradley October 8, 2014
Development Night Writing ✤ Charles Barbier created “Night http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/b/b9/Bdelaserre.jpg Writing” in early 19th century � ✤ Dots represent 36 sounds of T French language � Row Column ✤ Uses dots to represent sound’s position in a grid � ✤ Brought system to Institute for Blind Youth in 1821 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barbier http://www.afb.org/LouisBrailleMuseum/braillegallery.asp?GalleryID=44 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barbier
Louis Braille Cracking the Code ✤ Louis Braille lost his sight as a child � http://louisbrailleschool.org/resources-image/ louis-braille.jpg ✤ Came to Institute for Blind Youth at age 9 � ✤ Spent his teen years testing and perfecting changes to Barbier’s system � ✤ Became teacher at Institute at 19 http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/33423368.jpg http://www.afb.org/LouisBrailleMuseum/braillegallery.asp?GalleryID=44
Braille 1 4 2 5 Cracking the Code 3 6 ✤ Simplified system � ✤ Dots represent individual letters � ✤ Braille cell made up of 6 possible dot positions � AMERICA, B. A. O. N. (1994). English braille American edition. Louisville, KY: American Printing Housefor the Blind . ✤ Pattern of dots represents alphabetical order � ✤ Grade 2 Braille uses contractions to save space http://www.afb.org/info/living-with-vision-loss/braille/what-is-braille/123 AMERICA, B. A. O. N. (1994). English braille American edition. Louisville, KY: American Printing House for the Blind . � http://www.afb.org/info/living-with-vision-loss/braille/what-is-braille/123 �
Rise and Fall of Braille ✤ Introduced in U.S. in 1869 � ✤ Standard for teaching in 1932 � http://www.supertintin.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Screen-Reader-with-Skype- e1366301715424.png ✤ Decline starts in 1963 � ✤ Factors contributing to decline � ✤ Stigma � ✤ Shortage of teachers � http://ctl.net/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/ ✤ Technology 9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/i/n/ intel_reader_capture_station_labeled_800x800_1.jpg National Federation of the Blind. The braille literacy crisis in America: Facing the truth, reversing http://www.perkins.org/assets/images/adaptive- the trend, empowering the blind. 2009. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nfb.org/images/nfb/documents/ technology/at-elder.jpg word/The_Braille_Literacy_Crisis_In_America.doc.
Reversing the T rend ✤ Report from National Federation of the Blind � ✤ Require certification for https://nfb.org/sites/nfb.org/themes/nfb/images/nfbhome_logo.gif teachers � ✤ Improve distribution of resources � ✤ Include Braille in curriculum � ✤ Educating the public National Federation of the Blind. The braille literacy crisis in America: Facing the truth, reversing the trend, empowering the blind. 2009. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nfb.org/ images/nfb/documents/word/The_Braille_Literacy_Crisis_In_America.doc.
References AMERICA, B. A. O. N. (1994). English braille American edition. Louisville, KY: American Printing House for the Blind . American Federation for the Blind. What is braille? Retrieved from http://www.afb.org/info/living- with-vision-loss/braille/what-is-braille/123. American Foundation for the Blind. 200 Years: The life and legacy of Louis Braille. Retrieved from http:// www.afb.org/LouisBrailleMuseum/braillegallery.asp?GalleryID=44. Charles Barbier. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barbier National Federation of the Blind. The braille literacy crisis in America: Facing the truth, reversing the trend, empowering the blind. 2009. Retrieved from http://www.nfb.org/images/nfb/documents/word/ The_Braille_Literacy_Crisis_In_America.doc.
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